Objective:To assess the value and impact of screening programme in mid-pregnancy women for the congenital fet abnormality that uses the two maternal serum markers:?-fetoprotein(AFP)and free?human chorionic gonadotrophin(free-?HCG) Methods:Serum screening of AFP and free-?HCG were offered to the 14～20 weeks pregnant Measuring the serum AFP and free ?HCGin pregnant women with ELISA,and combined with other factors:age,weeks of pregnancy,weight,etc.Measuring the high ri rate with special software.Results:Within 1 648 cases of women in the mid-pregnancy,Down's syndrom,18-trisomysyndrome an neural tube defect high risk rates in screen were 7.16%,0.61%and 2.37%respectively.1 case was confirm the Down's syndrome analysis of cytogenetics,another 2 cases was diagnosed neural tube defect via ultrasonography.Conclusion:the second trimester doub test would be effective and safe screening strategies and could be used to decrease natality of congenital fetal malformation

In this article we review the relation between P2 purinoceptor subtypes and coronary heart disease (CHD).P2Y_1 ,P2Y_2 ,P2Y_(11) and P2X_7 receptors are related to inflammatory reaction in atheroselerosis plaque.P2X_3 receptor plays an important role in anginal nocuity response.P2X_4 receptor is involved in vascular remodeling and enhancement of myocardial contractility in non-infarct zone.P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors are involved in resteno-sis.A polymorphism in P2Y_(11) receptors increase the risk of myocardial infarction.P2Y_1、P2Y_(12) and P2X_1 receptors play a role in thrombotic formation.The specific agonist and antagonist of P2 purinoceptor subtypes could be poten-tial targets for new drugs to treat CHD.

ve To explore the effectiveness of non-hazardous treatment of excreta on control of intestinal infectious diseases and parasitosis. Methods The popularization rate of sanitary latrines, the non-hazardous treatment rate of excreta, the prevalance rate of B-class intestinal infectious diseases and infectious rate of worm eggs were sta-tistically analyzed. Results With the increasing popularization rate of sanitary latrine and the non-hazardous treat-ment rate of excreta, the prevalance rates of 3 kinds of intestinal infectious diseases (dysentery, typhoid and hepatitis) decreased from 175.14/100 000 in 1991 to 57.78/100 000 in 2 000 namely decreased 67.01% . The infectious rates of helminth eggs decreased from 76.88% in 1991 to 22.16% in 2000 namely decreased 71.17%. Conclusion Non-hazardous treatment of excreta presented obvious effectiveness on disease prevention, which should be widely popularized in countryside.

Objective To investigate the interference causes of indwelling gastric tube for patients undergoing laryngeal tumor surgery,and explore the appropriate clinical nursing countermeasures.Methods 60 cases of laryngeal cancer patients with indwelling gastric tube were divided into the control group and the observation group with 30 cases in each group.The control group used indwelling gastric tube with routine nursing,while in the observation group,the influencing factors for indwelling gastric tube were analyzed and per-tinent neasures were adopted timely.The satisfaction degree of patients,incidence of postoperative compli-cations,hospitalization time and effective rate of treatment were compared.Results The factors influ-encing use of indwelling gastric tube were tracheal extubation by patients,trachea cannula exodus,pipe blockage and postoperative complications.After timely expectant treatment and positive nursing,the nutri-tion intake and postoperative recovery were not affected.The related indexes of the observation group were better than those of the control group.Conclusions Patients after laryngeal cancer surgery need longtime indwelling gastric tube.Measures such as strengthening of education and propaganda,close observation of patients′ condition and timely expectant treatment should be given in order to ensure the normal use of gastric tube and reach desirable treatment effect.

Objective To explore the psychological status of nursing students of Tibetan and Han nationality.Method The questionnaire of Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)was distributed to 120 nursing students of Tibetan and Han nationality by random sampling.Results SCL-90 total scores of Tibetan nursing students and Han nursing students were(136.96±30.76)and (129.78±28.99),respectively.There was a statistically significant difference(P<0.001).The scores of Tibetan nursing students was higher than that of Han nursing students on factors of somatization,force symptoms,sensitivity to social relations,depression, hostility,paranoid and psychosis,but the scores of Han nursing students were higher than Tibetan nursing students on factors of anxiety and terror,with significant significance(P<0.01).The results of SCL-90 showed that the scores of somatization,force symptoms,sensitivity to social relations depression,paranoid and hostility in the Tibetan nursing students of 1st grade were significantly higher than those in the Hannrusing students of the 1st grade score(P<0.05).The score of force symptoms,depression and psychosis in the Tibetan nursing students of 2nd grade were significantly higher than those in the Han nursing students of 2nd grade (P<0.05).The scores on force symptoms,sensitivity to social relations,depression and anxiety in Tibetan nursing students of the 3rd grade were higher than those in the Han nursing students of the 3rd grade(P<0.05).Conclusion Tthe psychological status of Tibetan nursing students is outstanding in contrast to Han nursing studetns,and Tibetan nursing students were given directed intervention of mental health problem according to their risk factors.

Objective To observe the effects of nose-stuffy continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)combined with large-dose Mucosolvan on the hyaline membrane disease of newborn(NHMD). Methods Third),divided into three equal parts,by intravenous drop infusion]. According to the results of SpO2 and blood gas analysis,the CPAP setting was adjusted. Before and after the treatment,the SpO2、RR、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2 of all the children were analyzed. Results Ten children of all(76.9%) were cured,two died,one quitThe SpO2 of the total,at one hour after the treatment,improved significantly(P＜0.001);the RR、PaO2、SaO2 at 24 hours later also improved(P＜0.05). Conclusion The method of nose-stuffy continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) combined with large-dose Mucosolvan,which had good effects on ameliorating the symptom and improving the gas exchange,is worth used in primary hospitals widely.

Against the backdrop of ongoing healthcare system reform and escalating competitions among hospitals in China,more and more specialists and scholars on hospital administration begin to focus their studies on the theories and practice of hospital flows.Methodology frequently called into play in such study include out-patient flow refom,progressive flow improvement,and attention to management and service.Discussed in this paper are the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods as a reference for an appropriate choice by hospitals at large.

Objective:To observe the morphologic changes of cancer tissues and cells and clinical effect of microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) on oral squamous cell carcinoma.(OSCC), and then to evaluate the possibility of MCT in OSCC treatment.Methods:Forty OSCC patients were involved. MCT was adopted to the treatment of tumor primary focus, and associated with chemotherapy and lymphadenectomy of suprahyoid region or therapeutic neck dissection. After MCT the tissues were extracted for pathological examination immediately and morphologically observated by transmission electron microscope(TEM). All patients were received follow-up investigation for 3 years. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed and compared.Results:After MCT, the tissues of primary focus showed degenerative and necrotic tissue, inflammatory granulation, exudative necrosis, hyperplasia or atypical hyperplasia under light microscope. Apoptosis and mastocytes were observed besides the primary focus through TEM. Additionally MCT could protect oral faction, facies and improve survival quality and control local recurrence, which was more advanced than other old method (P

Objective To observe the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), its tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and contents of nitric oxide (NO) in the ocular tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with endotoxin induced uveitis(EIU). Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into experimental (81 rats) and control group (9 rats). The model of EIU was induced in rats in experimental group by injecting with lipoplysaccharide (LPS) 200 ?l into the hind feet pads, while the rats in the control group were not injected. Nine rats were executed 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and 7 days, respectively, after injecting with LPS; the NO content and concentration of protein in the aqueous humor in blood plasma, aqueous humor, and uveal tissues were detected. The expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and iNOS in the ocular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the average absorbance (A) value was evaluated by computer medical image analysis system. Results iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expressed in the epithelial cells of iris and ciliary body and exudated inflammatory cells of rats. The concentration of protein in the aqueous humor, the contents of NO in blood plasma, aqueous humor, and uveal tissues, and A value of MMP-9 had obvious relativity with the inflammatory extent, while no positive correlation was found between the inflammatory extent and the A value of iNOS and TIMP-1. Expression of iNOS was found 6 hours after injection, reached the peak after 12 hours, and then dropped gradually. The expression of TIMP-1 could be seen 24 hours after injection, and reached its peak after 72 hours. Conclusion The content of NO and expressions of iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 changes from the beginning and during the development of EIU, which suggests that NO, iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are involved in the pathologic process of EIU.

AIM: To investigate the protective effects of diltiazem (Dil) on liver, pancreas and small intestines in hemorrhagic-shock canines and its mechanism. METHODS: The canines were bled to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 5.33-6.67 kPa for 30 min to produce the model of shock. During the shock, the dogs received water-soluble calcium channel blocker Dil or normal saline. The MAP was kept at the level for 90 min, then the total blood which was bled previously was reperfused . They were observed for 240 min. RESULTS: Dil could significantly elevated MAP of the hemorrhagic-shock canines ( P