OBJECTIVE:To guide the rational use of anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs)in clinical practice.METHODS:In a retrospective review,there were733patients in Xuanwu hospital who suffered from poor curative effect or intoxication of AEDs from March2000to March2001.The results of blood concentration of anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs Css)were ana?lyzed.RESULTS:The Css of37.6%of the patients were within the normal Css range,and6.4%were higher and55.9%were lower than the normal.In combined use of AEDs and other drugs,79.1%of the patients had higher or lower Css than nor?mal.In addition,chemosynthetic components were detected in90%of the patients who took Chinese medicine.Among them,86%of the patients had abnormal Css.CONCLUSION:Css monitoring should be done when AEDs were administrated.It is advisable to use only one or two kinds of AEDs,and to pay attention of the chemosynthetic components in Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the safety of Puerarin injection in clinical use.METHODS:The adverse drug re?actions(ADRs)and administration of Puerarin injection at Xuanwu Hospital from Oct.2002to Feb.2003were investigat?ed.RESULTS:According to the dosage in drug intruction,the Puerarin injection was diluted in0.9%sodium chloride of5%glucose solution and infused alone with a infusion rate of40～60drops/min,which would be safe and induce less ADRs,and use in overdose markedly increased the incidence of ADRs.CONCLUSION:Use of this preparation should strictly be in accordance with the specification.

Metabolic syndrome was once regarded as deadly quartet.This is make up by diseases of various metabolism.The incidence is increased with age.This review is to introduce recent advances in the epidemic,major risk factors,clinical symptoms and diagnosis.Early health education,diet therapy,exercises and drugs can prevent or delay the occurrence and progress of metabolic syndrome.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common inherited cardiovascular diseases and characterized by ventricular hypertrophy and myofibrillar disarrays. HCM affects patients of all ages, but is frequently diagnosed in patients over age 50. The pathology, genetics, diagnosis and treatment of HCM are reviewed.

Atrial fibrillation is one of the commonest cardiac arrhythmia in the elderly, the incidence increased with increasing ages. Atrial fibrillation can induce severe cardiac insufficiency and thromboembolism, stroke is also a very important complication with high morbidity and mortality. Thus it is very necessary to pay special attention to the study of atrial fibrillation in the field of geriatric cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize the clindamycin injection safely.METHODS: 167 cases of hospitalized patients, who underwent clindamycin injection during the period between March 22, 2004 and April 27, 2004 were followed up and analyzed through the self-made questionnaires. RESULTS: 98 cases were for preventing infections; 76 cases were for treating infections; in 107(47+60) cases clindamycin injection was used in combination with other anti-infective drugs to prevent and treat infections; the average dosage was 0.6g～1.2g,bid,and the average length of time was (17?15)d;the incidence of ADR was 6.6%(11/167), and the main clinical manifestations were sickness, vomiting, diarrhea, numbness of mouth and lip, fever, and mycoinfection. CONCLUSION: Only by strict control of signs for drug use and ways of administration can the clinical safety be improved.

Objective To explore the impact of genetic background on pancreatic p-cell first-phase secretion function with L-arginine (L-ARG) stimulation test.Methods Plasma insulin level was detected in 201 cases before and after L-ARG stimulation test.Among them, 61 cases were newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with family history of diabetes ( FH + DM ) , 55 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients without family history of diabetes ( FH - DM) ,31 with normal glucose tolerance and family history of diabetes ( FH + ) 54 with normal glucose tolerance but without family history of diabetes ( FH - ).Homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA) was used to estimate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).Results It was premised that gender, age and BMI were similar among the 4 groups.(1)TC,TG,fasting plasma glucose,2h plasma glucose,fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in the two groups of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with or without family history of diabetes were significantly higher than those in the two groups of normal glucose tolerance with or without family history of diabetes.The multiples of the peak level and the base level of insulin secretion in the groups of newly diagnosed diabetes were significantly lower than those in the groups of normal glucose tolerance with and without family history(P <0.05).(2) Insulin secretion reached a peak in 2 minutes and started to decline in 4 minutes in all the four groups.( 3 ) The multiples of the peak level and the base level of insulin secretion in normal glucose tolerance group with family history of diabetes were 20.8% lower than those in the group without family history, being 7.27 and 9.18 respectively ( P < 0.05 ).(4)Two-minute peak insulin secretion, HOMA-IR and age in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic group with family history of diabetes was significantly lower than these in the group without family history ( P < 0.05 ).The multiples of the peak level and the base level of insulin secretion in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic group with family history of diabetes and that group without family history were 5.18 and 5.31 respectively and there was no significant difference between the two groups( P >0.05).(5) When the normal glucose tolerance subjects with family history of diabetes progressed to suffer from diabetes, the multiples of the peak level and the base level of insulin secretion declined 43.6% (P < 0.05) more than those in the subjects still with normal glucose tolerance without family history.Conclusion In the early course of diabetes, insulin resistance dose not function significantly, but genetic background make the first-phase secretory function of the p-cell to decline gradually and type 2 diabetes occurs easily.In the absence of genetic background, insulin resistance makes first-phase the secretion of insulin to decline relatively slow.

There are disadvantages in examination in basic medical stage. For example, there is too much quantity of work in written examination and the time is short for preparation for oral examination. Basic medical college reforms the examination in the first stage. The exam is composed of two parts. One is performed in computer instead of being written on paper,the oth-er is oral test whose topic is informed one term ahead of time. These can improve the students’ ability to summarize what they have learned in class.

Background:As an important catalytic subunit of telomerase,human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)plays an important role in the development and progression of many cancers including gastric cancer.It has been reported that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)of hTERT had varying degrees of association with risk of neoplasms. Aims:To study the correlation between SNPs of hTERT rs2853676 and rs2853677 and susceptibility to gastric cancer. Methods:Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the genotypes of rs2853676 and rs2853677 of hTERT in 297 gastric cancer patients,105 atrophic gastritis and 402 controls. Helicobacter pylori (Hp)infection was detected by pathological examination and 13 C-urea breath test.Results:Frequency of AA genotype of rs2853676 was significantly higher in gastric cancer group when compared with control group (15.2%vs.6.5%,P =0.01).The risk of gastric cancer in AA genotype carriers increased 2.47-fold (95% CI:1.46-4.16) when compared with GG carriers.No significant differences in the frequencies of CC,TC and TT genotypes of rs2853677 were found among gastric cancer patients,atrophic gastritis patients and controls.Hp infection rates in atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group were significantly increased than those in controls (64.8%,56.9% vs.40.3%,P all <0.01),OR were 2.73 (95% CI:1.74-4.26),1.96 (95% CI:1.44-2.67),respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant interaction between Hp infection and gene mutation.Conclusions:Polymorphism of hTERT gene rs2853676 may play a role in susceptibility to gastric cancer,and Hp infection may not be involved in the increase of risk of gastric cancer caused by hTERT gene polymorphism.