Objective: To explore the relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness indexes (AASI), AASI-blood pressure variability (AASI-BPVR) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) left atrium diameter (LAD) in patients with hypertension.
Methods: A total of 286 hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study. The AASI, AASI-BPVR were calculated from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Left ventricular internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd), interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd), posterior wall thickness in diastole (PWd), LAD were detected by echocardiography and LVMI, relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. The fasting blood glucose, blood lipids were examined. According to 24 h AASI, the patients were divided into 2 groups, Group A, the patients with AASI > 0.51, n=133 and Group B, the patients with AASI ≤ 0.51,n=153. Pearson and multi regression analysis were conducted to analyze the relevant correlations.
Results: Group A had increased LVMI than that in Group B,P<0.05, the left ventricular masses were similar between 2 groups,P=0.384. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that LVMI and LAD were not related to arterial stiffness index, the coefifcient between 24 h-AASI and LAD was atr=0.111,P=0.057.
Conclusion: AASI and AASI-BPVR were not the independent factors for left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement, therefore, they were not the predictors for cardiac damage in patients with hypertension at present time.

Objective To study the effect of ATRA and IFN? on growth and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cell line and the possible molecular mechanisms.Methods The expression of TrkA mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Trypan blue exclusion was used to detect the antiproliferative effect of ATRA,IFN?and ATRA +IFN? on SY5Y cells.Morphologic changes were observed using phase-contrast microscopy.Results TrkA mRNA was upregulated by ATRA and IFN?.ATRA and IFN? could induce morphological differentiation and inhibit growth of SY5Y cells.The combination of ATRA+IFN? enhanced the induced differentiation and growth inhibition of SY5Y cells.Conclusion Synergistic effects of ATRA and IFN? on growth inhibition and inducing differentiation in SY5Y cells are observed and this may result from upregulating the expression of TrkA mRNA.

Objective To investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) and their relationship with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Methods Eighty patients with gastric cancer had been admitted to our department from January 2005 to December 2005, including 48 with local lymph node metastasis and 32 without local lymph node metastasis. Ten specimens of normal gastric mucosa from patients with gastric ulcer were used as control. The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in serum and tissues were detected. Results The senun levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in patients with gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in the control group (χ2= 8.39, P < 0.05). The positive rate of the VEGF-C expression in the sermn of patients with gastric cancer was influenced by the lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 7.01, P < 0.05). The positive rates of the expressions of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in the gastric cancer tissue were 53% (42/80) and 63% (50/80), which were significantly higher than those in the normal gastric mucosa (χ2 =6.44, 6.58, P <0.05). The positive rate of the VEGF-C expression in the tissue of patients with gastric cancer was influenced by the lymph node metastasis (χ2=11.25, P <0.05). Conclusions The expression of VEGF-C is closely related to lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. The serum levels of VEGF-C can be used as biologic markers in detecting lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer preoperatively.

Objective To compare the prognosis of sentinel node-positive breast cancer patients forgoing axillary lymph node dissection.Methods A systematic literature search (Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library)ended in April 2014 was performed to identify all eligible articles.Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data.RevMan5 was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 1026 abstracts were retrieved and 18 clinical controlled studies finally included,the total number of patients were 47 894,7389 had micrometastases in sentinel lymph node,35 217 had macrometastases in sentinel lymph node and 5288 had positive sentinel lymph node regardless of micrometastases or macrometastases.For patients with MIC,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate,5-year disease free survival and 5-year overall survival had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.78;95％ CI:0.72-4.39,P=0.21),(OR =0.76,95％CI:0.56-1.04,P=0.08),(OR=0.77,95％CI:0.43-1.40,P=0.39).For patients with MAC,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.21;95％ CI:O.76-1.91,P =0.42).For patients with positive sentinel lymph node regardless of micrometastases or macrometastases,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate and 5-year overall survival had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.29;95％ CI:0.92-1.80,P =0.14),(OR =0.96,95％ CI:0.64-1.45,P =0.84).Conclusions Among patients with limited positive SLN of breast cancer,patients forgoing ALND compared with ALND did not have obvious affect on long-term survival.

Objective In this study,we aim to investigate and evaluate the application of peer education on the teaching of medical graduate students and to evaluate the teaching effect,in order to provide the basis for subsequent practice reform.Methods 49 graduate students majoring Internal Medicine-Pulmonology were randomly divided into traditional teaching(24) and peer education groups (25).We chose the primary culture technology of rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells to be the teaching contents.For the traditional teaching group,we used the mode of class lecture giving and experimental skills learning under the assistance of the teachers; while in the peer education group,students benefited from the combination of class lecture given by the teacher and the seniors fixed teaching in which seniors help younger students.We selected the experimental operating time,cell purity and the practicing time to reach a standard culture as the evaluation indexes by filling a follow up questionnaire.The SPSS 13.0 was applied to the related data forx2 or t test.Results In the traditional teaching group,the average time to reach three times of standard culture was(3.2 ± 0.5) hour,which was(2.3 ± 0.4) hour in the peer education group.The cell purity was 80.1 ± 3.6％ in the traditional teaching group,while(85.4 ± 5.9)％ in the peer education group.The average practicing time was(6.3 ± 1.0) in the traditional teaching group,while(4.9 ± 0.6) in the peer education group.The peer education group master the teaching content better than the traditional teaching group (P=0.00).95.8％(23/24)of the students in the peer-education group considered the teaching contents simple,which was statistically higher(P=0.00) than traditional group (62.5％,15/24).Meanwhile,95.8％ (23/24)of the students in the peer-education group considered the teaching methods easy to accept,which was also statistically higher(P=0.02) than traditional group(70.8％,17/24).The difference was statistically significant (P=0.02).Conclusion The application effect of peer education is good and there is high degree of acceptance among the students.Besides,peer education accords with the medical postgraduate experiment teaching rules,and can cultivate medical graduate students' spirit of cooperation and communication ability in the process of implementation.

Objective To investigate the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression during different iodine intakes and its function in thyroid autoregulation. Methods BabL/c mice were randomly divided into five groups according to their different iodine intake levels : low iodine (LI), normal iodine (NI), five-fold iodine (5HI) ,ten-fold iodine (10 HI) and fifty-fold iodine (50 HI). After three months and six months administration, they were sacrificed and thyroids were excised. The mRNA and protein expression level were determined by real time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Iodine content in thyroid tissue was measured with spectrophotometry and thyroid hormone level was measured with radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with NI group, NIS mRNA and protein expression was greatly increased in LI groups. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that NIS was mostly located at the basolateral membrane of thyrocyte,suggesting the improved activity in transporting iodine. But when faced with long-term and severe iodine deficiency, the iodine content in thyroid was finally decreased ,and hormone level lowered. On the other hand, in HI groups NIS mRNA and protein expression was greatly down-regulated. There was a tendency of decreasing NIS gene expression level with increasing doses of iodine intakes. In addition, NIS protein was found mainly in intracellular vesicles, rather than at the cell membrane,suggesting the loss of its activity. The iodine content in thyroid tissue was only slightly increased and was not consistent with the iodine intake levels. Conclusion These findings indicate that NIS may be. regulated at transcription, translation and post-translation levels. This phenomenon constitutes a highly specialized intrinsic autoregulatory system that protects thyroid from high doses of iodine, but at the same time ensures adequate iodine uptake for hormone biosynthesis. NIS plays a critical role in thyroid autoregulation mechanism.

OBJECTIVETo study the concentration change of chemotherapeutic agents in plasma and tissue after intraarterial and intravenous injection.

METHODSTen mature female New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into two groups. Fluorouracil, etopiside, and cisplatin were injected into the rabbits through the ear vein in one group and through the internal iliac artery in the other group. Blood samples and the uterus tissue specimens were collected at various time points after injection. Drug concentration in plasma and tissue was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The data were analyzed by the pharmacokinetic program 3P97.

RESULTSRegular concentration change of the three drugs in plasma and tissue was observed after the intravenous and intraarterial injection, which met the two - compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the three drugs after intravenous and intraarterial injection were different. The peak concentration in plasma after intraarterial injection was lower than that after intravenous injection and the peak concentration and area under curve (AUC) value in tissue after intraarterial injections were higher than those after intravenous injection.

CONCLUSIONIntraarterial chemotherapy has advantages to intravenous chemotherapy in fluorouracil, etopiside and cisplatin. These advantages depend on the drug pharmacological properties.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Etoposide ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Injections, Intravenous ; Rabbits

Objective To explore the effect of health education through different postoperative follow-up method, including telephone、Email and QQ, on patients with indwelling D-J stents. Methods 319patients with indwelling D-J stents were divided into the control group(88 cases), the telephone group(89 cases), the Email group (70 cases) and the QQ group (72 cases). M1 patients received rourine health education during hospitalization and before discharge, the latter three groups received follow-up by telephone、Email and QQ after discharge respectively. The rehabilitation effect was observed in the four groups. Results The complication rates of the telephone group, the Email group and the QQ group was significantly less and the mastering of knowledge about prevention and handling of complication was better than the control group during the follow-up. Conclusions Different types of follow-up can be selected by patients according to their actual status. Decreasing complication rate, favorable social benefit and approval of the patients family members will be seen due to involvement of the patients family in health education.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy caused by iodine deficiency of different degrees on doublecortin ( DCX ) and synaptophysin ( p38 ) expressions in fetal brain.Methods Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups:adequate iodine ( AI),mild iodine deficiency ( MiID ),moderate iodine deficiency ( MoID ),and severe iodine deficiency ( SID ),according to the total daily iodine supply( fed on an iodine deficient diet with different dosages of KI added in drinking water).Three months later the rats were mated.Serum TSH and thyroid hormones were determined in maternal rats on gestational day 20 using chemiluminescent immunoassay.The iodine contents in urine and histological changes of thyroid gland were observed in pregnant rats.The mRNA and protein levels of DCX and synaptophysin ( p38 ) were analyzed in fetal brain by using real time quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting respectively.Results( 1 ) Iodine contents in urine of pregnant rats were reduced with the decrease of their iodine supply.Compared with group AI,serum TSH was significantly increased [ ( 2.95 ± 1.70 vs 1.31 ± 0.55 ) mU/L,P ＜ 0.05 ],and both TT4 and FT4 were significantly decreased [ ( 14.3±4.1 vs 28.4±19.3 ) nmol/L,P＜0.05 ] and [ ( 10.8±3.6 vs 20.2±8.0) pmol/L,P＜0.01 ] in pregnant rats of SID group.Whereas,a slight rise in TSH,and a mild decline in both TT4and FT4 were found in MoID and MiID groups.However,there were no significant changes in TT3 and FT3 levels among these four groups.( 2 )Histological characteristics of thyroid gland in pregnant rats showed a typical goiter with small follicular hyperplasia and lack of colloid in SID group,moderate follicular hyperplasia with decreased colloid in MoID group; but mild cellular hyperplasia without decrease in follicular size and colloid in MiID group.( 3 ) The mRNA levels of DCX were increased in fetal brains of three iodine deficiency groups compared with AI group,but a statistical significance was found in MoID group.The protein levels of DCX in all experiment groups were significantly increased.Both mRNA and protein expressions of synaptophysin ( p38 )were significantly down-regulated in three iodine deficiency groups.Conclusions Maternal thyroid dysfunction caused by iodine deficiency,even by mild or moderate iodine deficiency,may lead to retardation of fetal neuronal and synaptic growth.

Objective To study mother and infant's iodine metabolism and thyroid function during lactation with different iodine intakes. Methods Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups with severe iodine deficiency (SID), mild iodine deficiency (MiID), normal iodine (NI), and excessive iodine (ExI) intake respectively. All rats were fed on an iodine deficient food and drinking water with different quantities of potassium iodide for 3 months until mating. The urinary iodine, milk iodine, blood iodine, and thyroid hormones (TH) were detected in lactating mother and the offspring rats 14 days after birth. Thyroid weight of mother rats was determined. Thyroid morphology of mother and their offsprings was observed. Results ( 1) Iodine contents in urine, milk, and blood of lactating rats and the offsprings were increased with the increase of iodine supplied in diet. But the change in amplitude between groups was decreased in the other; urine iodine > milk iodine > blood iodine. (2) Serum TT4[ (16. 7±12. 0 vs 36.4±15. 0) nmol/L, P<0.05] was significantly decreased, but TSH [(5.73±2.90vs 1. 38±0.30)mIU/L, P<0.01]and TT3/TT4(6.6±2.7 vs 2. l±0.3,P<0.01) were increased in lactating rats of SID group compared with NI, so as TT4( 10.6±2. 3 vs 16.4±4. 7) nmol/L, P<0.05 ] of offspring rats in SID, but were not in MiID and ExI groups. (3 ) Histological studies showed that small follicular thyroid nodules with follicular hyperplasia occurred in both lactating rats and their offsprings in the SID group, mild swelling in MiID group and polymorphism changes appeared in mother rats of ExI group, but no significant difference appeared in offsprings compared with NI group. Conclusions Severe iodine deficiency will lead to hypothyroidism in mother and infant, but normal iodine nutrition and thyroid function in mother and offspring were maintained through the compensatory action of mother and child in mild iodine deficiency and iodine excess.