Objectvi e To investigate whether promoting gap junctions may contribute to the radiosensi-tivity in triple negative breast cancer( TNBC)cells.Methods HCC70(triple-negative),MCF-7(ER-posi-tive)or SK-BR3(HER2-positive )cells were transfected with pcDNA/5 -Cx43 expression plasmid using liposome 2000.The transfected cells were treated with various doses of radiation(0,5,10,15 Gy),and the level of Cx43 protein was determined by Western blot and the cell connectivity was determined by fluorescent tracer technique. Cell proliferation inhibition,clone formation ability and apoptosis were detected using MTT,clone formation assay, AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometer,respectively.Results The level of Cx43 protein signifi-cantly increased in HCC 70 -Cx43 ,MCF-7 -Cx43 and SK-BR3 -Cx43 cells.After transfection the cells were treated with various doses of radiation,level of Cx43protein was gradually enhanced in dose dependent fashion .The re-sults form fluorescent tracer technique showed that fluorescence intensity was gradually elevated with increase of radiation doses.Cell viability and clone formation ability were decreased gradually in dose dependent manner in HCC70-Cx43 ,MCF-7 -Cx43 and SK-BR3-Cx 43 cells.Unexpectedly,the inhibitive effect of proliferation ability and clone formation ability in HCC70 -Cx43 cell was higher than in MCF-7 -Cx43 and SK-BR3 -Cx43 cells under same conditions.The results from AnnexinV-FITC/PI and flow cytometer showed that apoptosis rate was enhanced gradually accompanying with increase of radiation doses.Conclu sion Enhancing the function of cell gap junc-tions promoted radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells,particularly in TNBC cells.Radiation can strengthen cell gap junctions in breast cancer cell and cytotoxicity of TNBC cell can be enhanced by both synergistic effects.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is still not completely clear at present, and the theory of ammonia poisoning may be the most powerful, the mechanism for lactulose in decreasing ammonia is clearer, and there are many studies on hepatic encephalopathy treated by lactulose at home and aboard, but the comparative studies on the long-term and short-term treatment of lactulose and placebo control treatment are still in lack. OBJECTIVE: To given long-term and short-term treatment of lactulose to patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, and compare the effect on the quality of life (QOL) of the patients with minimal hepatic encephalopa thy. DESIGN: A case-control observation. SETTING: Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, who were abnormal in the number connection test (NCT), digital symbol test (DST) and/or evoked potential examination and cooperated with the treatment, were selected from the patients with cirrhosis treated in the De partment of Geriatrics of Guangzhou First People's Hospital between June 1998 and March 2002, and they were randomly divided into control group (n=20), short-term lactulose group (n=20) and long-term lactulose group (n=20). METHODS: All the patients were given vitamin B for 24 weeks, two tablets for each time, three times a day; besides, the patients in the short term lactulose group and long-term lactulose group were orally adminis tered with lactulose (15-90 mL per day) for 8 and 24 weeks respectively. They were assessed with WHOQOL-BREF at the end of 0, 8, 16 and 24 weeks respectively, the incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy was observed, and the ammonia conc entration in blood was detected at the same period.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes of QOL and ammonia concentration in blood during the treatment were observed.RESULTS: During the treatment, one case in the control group lost to the follow-up, one case in the short-term lactulose group died from traffic accident, and two cases in the long -term group quitted because they could not endure the side effect of diarrhea, and totally 56 cases finished the treatment and entered the analysis of results. ① The incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy at 6 months was 40%(8/20), 30%(6/20), 5%(1/20) in the control group, short-term lactulose group and long-term lactulose group respectively, and it was significantly lower in the long-term lactulose group than in the control group and short-term lactulose group (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the short-term lactulose group and control group (P ＞ 0.05). ② At 8, 16 and 24 weeks after treatment,the score of environment in QOL had no significant difference among the control group, short-term lactulose group and long-term lactulose group (P ＞ 0.05), but there were significant differences in the scores of physiology,psychology and social relationship (P ＜ 0.05); At 8 weeks, there were more obvious differences in the long-term lactulose group and short-term lactulose group than in the control group, but no significant difference between the long and short-term lactulose groups; At 16 weeks, there were more obvious differences in the long-term lactulose group than in the short-term lactulose group and control group, but no significant difference between the short-term lactulose group and control group; At 24 weeks, the long-term lactulose group had more improvements than in the control group and short-term lactulose group. ③ At 16 and 24 weeks after treatment, the ammonia concentrations in blood were significantly decreased in the long-term lactulose group as compared with the control group and short-term lactulose group.CONCLUSION: The long-term treatment of lactulose can improve the QOL of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, eventually reduce the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy and decrease the ammonia concentration in blood; However, the short-term treatment of lactulose could not.

2h.The shape of bacterium was changed by amikacin from sphero-rhabditiform to dolicho-rhabditiform,while by ceftriaxone changed from rhabditiform to long-chain-form or filament-form.Conclusion The capability of ceftriaxone-induced release of endotoxin from Escherichia coli is significantly stronger than that of amikacin,and the morphologic changes of bacteria caused by ceftriaxone were more significant.For clinical treatmentg of infectious diseases the first dosage of medication should increase to reach the effective bactericidal concentration but not the bacteriostasis concentration in order to receive better therapeutic effects.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence rate of the ampC gene and AmpC enzyme of gram-negative(G-) bacterium in children,to analyze drug resistance of produced AmpC enzyme and un-produced AmpC enzyme strain.METHO_DS: 4 022 clinical G-isolates collected from 2002 to 2004 were identified and tested using K-B method.Selection 108 ESBLs bacterium,the ampC genes were amplified by PCR using common primers to AmpC and the AmpC enzymes were tested using the enzymatic rough extraction cefoxitin three-dimensional test.The drug resistance of bacterium produced AmpC enzymes were compared with the ones without AmpC enzymes.RESULTS: In 108 G-bacterium,the ampC genes positive bacterium were 70 strain(accounting for 64.8%),and 7 bacterium produced AmpC enzymes(accounting for 6.5%) were detected.The drug resistance of bacterium produced AmpC enzymes to ceftazidime(CAZ),ceftriaxone(CRO),piperacillin(PIP),ampicillin(AMP),aztreonam(ATM) were 85.7%,85.7%,71.4%,79.4%,79.4% respectively.The drug resistance of bacterium non-produced AmpC enzymes to CRO,PIP,gentamicin,AMP,ATM were 50.8%,55.6%,55.6%,70.3%,54.0% respectively,the drug resistance of bacterium to imipenem were the lowest,lower to ciprofloxacin.CONCLUSIONS: Detection rate of ampC gene were higher than AmpC-producing enzymes strains obviously,whereas the drug resistance to antibiotic of AmpC-producing enzymes strains were higher than non-producing enzymes strains.

Background Scarring of filter bleb is a main cause of failure after trabeculectomy.Administration of anti-proliferation dugs during filtering surgery can maintain the opening of filtering pathway,but some serious complications occure after the drug use.Researches showed that polylactic acid caprolactone (PLCA) drug-loaded electrospinning film can release drug slowly,but its application in glaucoma is seldom.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-scarring effects of non-penetrating trabeculectomy combined with sclera interlayer implantation of triamcinolone acetonide (TA)/PLCA drug-loaded electrospinning film in rabbit.Methods TA/PLCA drug-loaded electospinning film was prepared by electrospinning and its surface ultrastructure was observed under the scanning electron microscope.The drug release properties were detected by high performance liquid chromatograph.Ocular hypertensive models were established in New Zealand white rabbits by injecting carbomer into the anterior chamber of the right eyes,and the 40 models were randomized into 5 groups,8 eyes for each group.TA/PLCA drugloaded electrospun membrane,PLCA electrospun membrane or amniotic membrane was implanted beneath the scleral flap during trabeculectomy respectively in the TA/PLCA group,PLCA group or amniotic group,and 40 mg/ml TA was subconjunctivally injected in the TA group.Only trabeculectomy was performed in the simple trabeculectomy group.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured,and the shape of filtering bleb was examined under the slit lamp 1 week,2,4,8 and 12 weeks after surgery.The section of filtering bleb was prepared 12 weeks after surgery for the histopathological examination.The use and management of experimental animals was in line with animal ethics.Results The similar three-dimensional reticular structure was seen between TA/PLCA and electrospun membrane with the fiber diameter 0.5-1.5 μm.TA was released stably for 14 days.All the filtering blebs were disappeared in the simple trabeculectomy group during 8-week duration after operation.At 12 weeks after operation,the functional bleb was found in all the 8 eyes of the TA/PLCA group,5 eyes of PLCA group,4 eyes of the amniotic group and 4 eyes of the TA group.The IOP was significantly different among the groups,with the lowest IOP in the TA/PLCA group and the highest IOP in the simple trabeculectomy group (all at P =0.000).Histopathological examination showed that the filtering pathway remained opening in all 8 eyes with the epithelization of bleb surface in the TA/PLCA group,and interspaces of the filtering pathway was explayed in the PLCA group,amniotic group and TA group,while fibrosis of filtering pathway was seen in the simple trabeculectomy group at 12 weeks after surgery.Conclusions TA/PLCA drugloading electrospun membranes presents with nanoscale microstructure and good drug-release properties in vitro.Implantaion of TA/PLCA beneath the scleral flap during trabeculectomy can inhibit the fibrosis of filtering pathway.

Objective To assay the protective effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits.Methods Forty male New Zealand rabbits were divided into EPCs low-dose group,EPCs mid-dose group,EPCs high-dose group,ALI group,and control group according to the random number table,with 8 rabbits per group.Emulsified oleic acid was used to induce ALl.Instead,saline emulsion was injected to rabbits in control group.PBS containing 1 × 105,1 × 106,and 1 ×107 EPCs were respectively administered to rabbits in EPCs low-dose,mid-dose,and high-dose groups; on the contrary,blank PBS was injected to rabbits in ALI and control groups.Lung weight to dry ratio (W/D) and pulmonary permeability index (PPI) were detected before and after operation; protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-1 βby western blot,and mRNA expression of NF-κB by RT-PCR.Results PPI and W/D value lowered in EPCs low-dose group (15.0 ± 1.1,5.04 ± 0.11),mid-dose group (13.8 ± 0.7,4.80 ± 0.13),and high-dose group (13.7 ± 0.7,4.87 ± 0.08) when compared to 17.1 ± 1.5 and 5.21 ±0.05 in ALI group (P ＜0.05).EPCs low-dose,mid-dose,and high-dose groups showed decreased levels in NF-κB (0.75 ± 0.04,0.41 ± 0.05,0.42 ± 0.03),TNF-α (0.364 ± 0.020,0.312 ±0.015,0.310 ±0.013),and IL-1β (0.230 ±0.017,0.206 ±0.010,0.210 ±0.018) compared to ALI group (0.87 ±0.11,0.387 ±0.018,0.262 ±0.019,P ＜0.05).Moreover,all indicators were lowered significantly in EPCs mid-dose and high-dose groups when compared to EPCs low-dose (P ＜0.05),but the two groups themselves revealed no statistical difference.Conclusion EPCs protect ALI via improving pulmonary edema,pulmonary permeability,and inflammatory response in a dose-dependent correlation with EPCs,but ceiling effect is observed as well.

Objective: To analyze and compare the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and cardiopulmonary fitness of children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years in China and Japan, and to provide important reference for healthy development promotion of children and adolescents in China. Methods: A total of 9 594 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in China and Japan were selected and examined for height, weight and 20 meters shuttle run test (20mSRT), 4 800 of whom were randomly selected and included for analysis. Independent sample t test was used to compare the differences of BMI and 20mSRT between Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents of different sex and age. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds ratio of high cardiopulmonary fitness among children and adolescents of different nutritional status. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between BMI and 20mSRT. Results: Odds ratios of high cardiopulmonary fitness were 0.57, 0.52 and 0.33 in wasting, overweight and obese children and adolescents in China, and 0.49, 0.36 and 0.16 in Japan, respectively, with significant differences(P<0.05). The BMI-Z scores of Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents ranged from - 2.72 to 8.76. There were significant differences in 20mSRT-z between different BMI-Z groups(P<0.05). The 20mSRT-z score of Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents initially increased with BMI-Z score and then decreased with the increase of BMI-z score. With the decrease of BMI-Z score, 20mSRT performance in Chinese boys decreased significantly. Conclusion Compared with the normal weight peers in China and Japan, the proportion of wasting, overweight and obese children and adolescents with high cardiopulmonary fitness is lower. The BMI-Z score and 20mSRT-z score shows a general inverted "U-shaped" trend. The effect of wasting on cardiopulmonary fitness is greater in Chinese boys.

Objective: To understand the mental sub-health status of Chinese adolescents and its correlation with muscle strength index, and to provide information for relevant research in mental health and muscle strength development of Chinese adolescents. Methods: A total of 16 545 adolescents aged 13-22 year-old in six administrative regions of China were administered with the Adolescent Sub-Health Multidimensional Assessment Questionnaire (MSQA). Muscle strength indicatros were tested and its relations with mental sub-health were analyzed. Results: The detection rates of Chinese adolescents emotional problems, character problems, social adjustment difficulties, and mental sub-health status were 25.5%, 25.0%, 16.0%, and 19.7%, respectively. The detection rates of mental sub-health status of adolescents in the group of muscle index P75 were 30.3%, 19.0%, and 10.4%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=522.03, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school(OR=2.55), high school(OR=2.27), male students(OR=1.15), muscle index Conclusion There is a correlation between the mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents and the muscle strength index. The higher the muscle strength index, the lower detection rate of mental sub-health.

Objective To investigate the promoting repair effects of chitosan/gelatin electrospinning membrane implantation on conjunctival injury.Methods Chitosan/gelatin electrospinning membrane was prepared using electrospinning technique,and the general characteristics of the membrane was examined under the scanning electron microscope.Conjunctival injury models were established in the right eyes of 30 New Zealand white rabbits by surgical resection of 6 mm×8 mm bulbar conjunctiva,bums of weak acid at injury site and then randomized into model group,human amniotic membrane (AM) implanted group and electrospinning membrane implanted group.AM or electrospinning membrane was interlayerly implanted between conjunctiva and sclera during operation according to grouping.The inflammatory response and histopathological change at injury site were examined by slit lamp microscope and optical microscope in 4,8,14 and 28 days after surgery.The use and care of the animals followed by code of ethics for animal experiments at the animal experiment center of He University.Results Chitosan/gelatin electrospinning membrane presented with a crosslinked network structure like AM,with the nano-microstructure of 0.1-0.5 μm fibre.No obvious inflammatory symptom was seen in the experimental eyes of various groups in 4 days after operation.In 8 days after operation,conjunctival edema and erosion were found in the model group,and slight conjunctival congestion was exhibited in the eyes of AM implanted group and electrospinning membrane implanted group.In 14 to 28 days after operation,conjunctival edema and new blood vessels were seen in the model group,and the conjunctivas were well recovered in the AM implanted group and electrospinning membrane implanted group.Histopathological examination showed dissociation,attaching,thickening and epithelization of injuried conjunctivas gradually in the model group from 4 to 28 days after operation.In the AM implanted group,attaching of AM was in 4 days,melting of AM was in 8 days,epithelization of injuried conjunctivas was in 14 days and renovation of conjunctivas was in 24 days after operation,and a rapid repairing procedure was found in the electrospinning membrane implanted group under the optical microscope.Conclusions Compared with the self-repairing process of conjunctival injury,implantion of chitosan/gelatin electrospinning membrane or AM can speed up the renovation of injuried conjunctivas,and the effects of chitosan/gelatin electrospinning membrane are better than those of AM in promoting conjunctiva repair and inhibiting scarring.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) assessment of fatty liver and choose a cut-off value of hepatic steatosis more than 5%.

METHODSConsecutive patients, 18 years or older, who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy and CAP measurement were recruited from five liver healthcare centers in China. All enrollees were categorized as hepatic steatosis grade S0 (<5%) or S1 (5%). An M-probe equipped FibroScan 502 was used to capture CAP values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the areas under (AU) the curves were calculated to determine the diagnostic efficacy. The CAP cut-off values at the optimal thresholds were defined by maximum Youden indices; sensitivity and specificity were also calculated.

RESULTSA total of 332 patients were enrolled in the study, including 67 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and 265 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) viru: infection. The median age (inter quartile range, IQR) of the study cohort was 39.0 (32.0-50.5) years-old. There were 46 males (68.7%) in the NAFLD group, with a median age of 37.0 (28.0-45.0) years-old, and 182 males (68.7%) in the CHB group; the differences between the two groups in median age and male: female ratio did not reach statistical significance. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified steatosis grade and body mass index (BMI) as independently associated with CAP. The median (IQR) CAP values among patients with S0 and S1 grade steatosis were 215.0 (190.0-241.0) dB/m and 294.0 (255.0-325.5) dB/m (P<0.001), respectively. For all patients, when BMI was <25 kg/m2, the ability of the AUROC of the CAP to discriminate hepatic steatosis more than or equal to 5% was 0.853, and the optimal cut-off value was 244.5 dB/m; however, when BMI≥25 kg/m2, the AUROC was 0.835 and the optimal cut-off value 269.5 dB/m.

CONCLUSIONCAP can identify hepatic steatosis more than or equal to 5% and is applicable for the diagnosis of fatty liver if it is adjusted for BMI.

Adult ; Area Under Curve ; Bile ; Biopsy ; Body Mass Index ; China ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; ROC Curve ; Tissue Extracts