Objective To investigate the correlation between NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and carotid atherosclerosis(CA)in Chinese population.Methods 138 patients with CA and 130 control subjects were recruited.C242T polymorphism of p22 phox was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)for determination of its genotype. Results The CT genotype frequencies in the CA group and control group were 0.268 and 0.139, respectively,and no TF genotype was found.The CT genotype frequency of the CA group was significantly higher than that of the control group(X2=6.899,P=0.009).It was found that systolic blood pressure, blood glucose,low density lipoprotein cholesterol smoking and the NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox C242T polymorphism were independent risk factors for CA by Logistic regression analysis.Conclusions The NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox C242T polymorphism may be a risk factor for CA.

Fractures of the femoral head (FFH) are mainly seen in young adults,and the majority mechanism is due to dashboard injury in crushing vehicles.FFH can be present with or without posterior dislocation of the hip joint.Except for periarticular pain and hip dysfunction,the typical signs include flexion,adduction and internal rotation of the hip and shortening of involved limb.CT and MRI get their popularity as diagnostic methods for FFH.An emergency open reduction should be indicated in the scenario of failed closed reduction in FFH with posterior dislocation,of FFH with femoral neck fractures,of unmatched head and acetabulum following closed reduction and of deteriorating sciatic nerve damage.Pipkin as well as Brumback classification is still the most popularly used methods,which have great significance for establishment of surgical strategy and prediction of prognosis.More and more clinical evidences show conservative care of FFH should only be indicated for non-displaced fractures or displacement less than 2 mm.These cases must meet the following criteria simultaneously,including stable hip joint,concentric head and acetabulum,no free fractured fragments in the joint space and no labrum entrapment.Operative care is naturally the treatment of choice.Surgical approaches for FFH are hot topics in recent years.In previous control studies to compare Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) and Smith-Peterson (S-P) approach,it is revealed less operative time,less blood loss and better operative field you can get in S-P approach,however,the incidence of ectopic ossification is higher.Ganz approach,which is characterized by osteotomy of great trochanter,hip capsulotomy and surgical dislocation of the hip,is a novel pattern for operative care of FFH.Ganz approach can show the entire femoral head,while can not damage medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) and induce iatrogenic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Various screws are the main implants for the fixation of fractured femoral head.Osteoarthritis and ONFH are two principal complications following FFH,which not only closely associate with severity and mechanism of primary injury,but also correlate with reduction quality and iatrogenic factors.Artificial hip joint replacement is a rational choice for extremely comminuted femoral head and these FFH in the elderly.

Objective To establish the quality control standards of Gehuang Huoxue Capsules. Methods TLC methods for identification of Radix Astragali and Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae were established. A simple HPLC method was established for the determination of Puerarin. Results The spots on TLC plates were clear without interference in the blank reference. The liner range of Puerarin was 0.020 79～0.665 2 mg/mL, r= 1.000 0. The average recovery of Puerarin was 100.1% and RSD=0.92%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, reproducible and can be used for the quality control standards of Gehuang Huoxue Capsules.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) T833C gene polymorphism and the plasma homocysteine (Hey) levels in patients with ischemic cerebral vascular disease(ICVD). Methods Three hundred and sixty patients with ICVD and 210 control subjects were enrolled. The T833C polymorphism of CBS gene was analyzed by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Plasma Hey levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection(HPLC-FD). Results Plasma Hey levels in the ICVD group ((17.6±4.8) μmol/L) were higher than those in control group ((13.3±4.3) μmol/L, t = 10.716, P< 0.05) . There were no differences in genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between the ICVD group and contral group (χ2 = 0.785, 0.941 ,P>0.05). Plasma Hey levels in CC genotype or TC genotype were higher than those in TT genotype (F = 6.56, P< 0.05). Condusions High plasma Hey level is an independent risk factor of ICVD,but CBS T833C polymorphism may not associated with ICVD.

Teaching of clinical skills is an important bridging phase from preclinical medicine to clinical practice.It is also an important element of medical students'clinical skills training.According to the character of internal medical cardiology,we should enhance the training of their clinical thinking ability,medical communication competence,and clinical operating ability to get satisfactory teaching effect.

Objective To investigate the changes of thyroid function and carotid atherosclerosis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods A total of 110 stable MHD patients undergoing hemodialysis for at least three months were enrolled in the study.Serum free-T3 (FT3), free-T4 (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence.Plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected.Clinical data and biochemical indicators were collected.These patients were divided into thyroid dysfunction group and euthyroidism group.Prevalence of atherosclerosis was detected by carotid ultrasonography.The associations between the changes of thyroid function and carotid atherosclerosis were analyzed by Logistic regression model.Results Among these 110 patients, 42 (38.18％) patients had thyroid dysfunction.Hcy and CRP concentrations were significantly higher in thyroid dysfunction group than those in euthyroidism group (P ＜ 0.05).The intima-media thickness, number of plague and arteriostenosis of carotid were higher in thyroid dysfunction group than those in euthyroidism group (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased Hcy and CRP, decreased serum FT3 were independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis.Conclusions Thyroid dysfunction with low serum FT3 is frequently found in MHD patients.In MHD patients, FT3 is closely correlated to carotid atherosclerosis.

Objective To examine the localization of neurokinin B receptor (NK3)\|like immunoreactivity (\|LI) in the central nervous system of the mouse. Methods An immunohistochemcial staining method was used. Results NK3 receptor\|LI was localized in somatic and dendritic profiles in the most parts and in neuropil in a few regions of the mouse central nervous system. A large number of neurons with NK3\|LI was seen in the anterior olfactory nuclei, accumbens nucleus, septal area, ventral pallidum, pallidum, caudate putamen, nucleus of the stria terminalis, anterior hypothalamic area, tuber cincreum area, lateral hypothalamic area, perifornical nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, mammillar nuclei, substatia nigra, ventral tegmental area, retrorubral area, superior and inferior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, nucleus of the solitary tract, and superficial layers of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns. The superfical layers of the cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, dorsal hippocampus, amygdal complex, reticular formation of the brainstem contained some neurons with NK3 receptor\|LI. In the ventral hippocampus, median and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and interpeduncular nuclei, NKR\|LI was localized in neuropil. Conclusion\ Neurons with NK3 receptor\|LI were widely distributed in the central nervous system. It may be involved in many physiological functions in the central nervous system of the mouse.\;[

Objective To evaluate the short-term effect and safety of endoscopic pyloromyotomy for congenital hypertrophic pyioric stenosis(CHPS).Methods Twelve infants,including 8 boys and 4 girls,mean age(57.5±14.4)days,who were diagnosed as CHPS,underwent endoscopic pyloromyotomy by using an ultra-thin gastroscope.Incisions were made from the duodenal to the antral side of the pylorus by an endoscopic electrosurgical sphincterome or a needle knife.Results These 12 patients underwent 13 endoscopic operations.Vomiting ceased in 1-10 days in 11 cases,of which one patient's vomiting was recurrent 35 days after the first procedure,which was improved 10 days later after another endoscopic operations.Another one did not stop vomiting because of cytomegalovirus hepatitis,whose symptoms were relieved after secondary treatment.No complications were observed except for minor melena in one case after the therapy.Conclusion Endoscopicall pyloromyotomy in CHPS is effective and safe in short-term follow-up.

In this research, phosphate and thiophosphate prodrugs 3a, 3b of anti-HIV agent AZT were synthesized, and their anti-HIV activities and cytotoxicities were investigated in vitro. Results showed that the prodrugs 3a and 3b with an IC50 value of 11.0 and 4.0 micromol x L(-1), respectively, were less toxic than AZT (1.0 micromol x L(-1)). Although the EC50 values of both 3a (0.04 micromol x (L(-1) and 3b (0.16 micromol x L(-1)) were lower than that of AZT (0.01 micromol x L(-1)), the therapeutic index (IC50/EC50) of prodrug 3a (275) was much higher than that of both AZT (100) and prodrug 3b (25). This indicated that the prodrug 3a merited further investigation as an anti-HIV agent.

Objective To optimize human acellular dermal matrix(ADM) and evaluate its biological characters. Methods Human skin was treated with hypertonic saline followed by NaOH maceration(group A), hypertonic saline followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent(group B) or Dispase Ⅱ followed by Triton X-100(group C), the resulting ADM were sectioned, and then were stained by special immunohistochemistry method. The cytotoxicity of them were evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry and then cell compatibility was analyzed by cell culture;The optimized ADM resulted was choosen for use. Fibrablasts(FBs)were transfected with adenovirus vector encoding green fluorescent protein gene(Ad-GFP)and the growth of them on the optimized ADM was observed by fluorescent microscopy. Results Collagen and elastic fibers can still be observed in three kinds of ADM. The cells in dermis can be disintegrated both in group A and C, but not in group B. The cytotoxicity scores of the ADM prepared in group A and B were grade 0 or grade 1, while that of group C was more than grade 1.The ADM prepared by NaCl-NaOH maceration had good biocompatibility. There was statistical difference in adhering number of NIH3T3 cells in group A and B. NIH3T3 cells grew well in group A and the resulted ADM was optimized. FBs transfected with Ad-GFP grew well in the optimized ADM. Conclusion The ADM prepared by NaCl-NaOH maceration was a good tissue engineering biomaterial with a little cytotoxicity and rich in resouce.