Objective:To establish a pristine-induced rheumatoid arthritis model in mice,and to evaluate its histological and immunological distinction.Methods:Thirty female BALB/c mice,6-8 weeks old,were randomly divided into 2 groups,a control group and pristine group.The mice in pristine group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml pristine three times at 0,9,and 18 weeks, while mice in the control group receiving saline at the same time.Arthritis score and paw thickness were measured and histopathological assessment of joint sections was performed.The expression of phagocytes,dendritic,neutrophils,T and B cells markers in spleen were determined by flow cytometry.Results:In model-marking group,11 mice were presented with macroscopic evidence of arthritis such as erythema or swelling.The paw thickness in pristine-induced mice was significant higher than that in the control groups[(2.90±0.51) mm vs(1.29±0.47 mm),P<0.05].In addition,arthritis score in pristine-induced mice was 9.55±2.80 at 21 weeks after first injection with 0.5 ml pristine.H&E staining revealed a significant increase of synovial inflammation, cartilage and bone destruction after stimulated with pristine.Meanwhile,the expression levels of CD11b,CD11c,GR1,CD4,CD8 and CD154 were obviously increased in model-marking group when compared with that in control group.Conclusion: The pristine-induced model presents the similar histological and immunological distinctions with human rheumatism arthritis,which can mimic the pathogenesis of rheumatism arthritis.

Objective To investigate the surgical outcome of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Methods Forward analysis of 160 cases of the patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis getting operative treament was performed. 87 cases were male and 73 case were female. The average age was 51 years old (18 ～ 78years old). The average course of deseases was 5 years (1 month ～ 36years). All of the cases used lumbar spinal canal decompression combined with pedicle screws fixation and posterolateral bone graft. All cases had a follow - up of 3 months to 5 years (mean 34 months). Results The (COA) recovery rate among the tolal patients was cassified as exellent in 120 ca-ses , good in 31 cases , fair in 7 cases. The excellent and good rate was 94.4%. Conclusion The operative intervention was an effective method for patients with severe or progressive clinical lumbar spinal canal stenosis. The procedure in decompressed compretely through pos-terior approach and the instability of cerrical apinein had the satisfactory clinical outcome.

Objective: To analyze changes in physique change among children and adolescents in Japan from 1900 to 2015, and to provide the scientific basis for national constitution development strategy in China. Methods: Data on height and weight of Japanese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Cluster analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results: The 5 time periods of highest physique growth rate of Japanese boy and girls were 1948-1950, 1950-1955, 1955-1960, 1960-1965, 1965-1970, and the 5 time periods of lowest growth rate were 1939-1948, 2005-2010, 2000-2005, 1900-1905, 2010-2015, 1995-2000. Physique growth of Japanese children and adolescents showed a relatively constant increasing trend before World War II and the late 20th century, and a rapid increasing trend during 20 years after World War II and a decreasing trend during and short period after World War II. In the cluster analysis, the lower half of male students fell into a single time period (1939-1948) showing the highest rate of decline. Conclusion Physical changes of Japanese children and adolescents are closely related to the socio-economic environment, and rapid increasing trend is observed during 20 years after World War II. Based on experiences from Japan, rapid socio-economic growth in China provides an important opportunity to promote physical development of children and adolescents. Cautions should be paid to the risk of overweight and obesity accompanied by economic growth.

Shiwei Dangguiyin(SWDGY)is mainly composed of Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Adenophorae,Radix Notogenseng,Radix Bupleuri,etc. Oral administration of SWDGY could significantly inhibit the metatarsal swell- ing eaused by dimethylbenzene in rats,raise the pain threshold in hot-plate test and depress the torsive reaction caused by acetic acid in mice.In vitro SWDGY exerted bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Bacil- lus pyocyaneus,Escherichia coli,Streptococcus A,B and C.It was shown that SWDGY possessed anti-inflammatory,analgesic and antiseptic effects in vitro.In mice LD_(50) of SWDGY by oral administration was more than 840g/kg.Affer cral adminstration in a daily dose of 189.Sg/kg continuously for one month in rats, no toxic reactions appeared,This dosage was 118.6 times as much as the clinical one.

The glymphatic system is a fluid dynamics network that is important for maintaining homeostasis of the brain, and it is also a new target for the treatment of various central nervous system diseases. The crucial point regarding research into the glymphatic system is the microhydrodynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid tracer. This review summarizes the emerging technologies, such as magnetic resonance technology, two photon microscopic imaging technology, near infrared fluorescence imaging technology, and transcranial macroscopic imaging, and summarizes its research applications and technical advantages to provide methodological strategies for basic and clinical research on glymphatic system function.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of long-term intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on the activation of hippocampal microglia in a mouse model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).Methods:Ninety-six clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8 weeks, weighing 18-24 g, were stratified according to body weight and divided into 4 groups ( n=24 each) by a random number table method: control diet group (group C), ω-3 PUFAs group (group ω), control diet plus POCD group (group C+ P) and ω-3 PUFAs plus POCD group (group ω+ P). Mice were fed a special ω-3 PUFAs diet (DHA 0.14 g/100 g, EPA 0.03 g/100 g) for 12 weeks in group ω and group ω+ P, while mice were fed with a control diet for 12 weeks in group C and group C+ P.Tibial fracture procedures were performed under isoflurane anesthesia to develop the POCD model after 12 weeks of feeding.The fear conditioning test and Y maze test were performed on 1st and 3rd days after developing the model.The mice were sacrificed after behavioral tests, and the hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the contents of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy), density of Iba-1 positive microglia (by immunofluorescence staining), and expression of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and precursor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pro-BDNF) (by Western blot), and contents of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Compared with group C, the contents of DHA and EPA were significantly increased, the percentage of freezing time in the contextual test was increased, mBDNF/pro-BDNF ratio was increased ( P<0.05), no significant change was found in the rotation accuracy in Y maze test, density of Iba-1 positive microglia and contents of IL-1β and IL-6 in hippocampus ( P>0.05) in group ω ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the contents of DHA and EPA ( P>0.05), the percentage of freezing time in the contextual test and accuracy of rotation in Y maze test were decreased on 1st and 3rd days after operation, the density of Iba-1 positive microglia and contents of IL-1β and IL-6 were increased, and mBDNF/pro-BDNF ratio was decreased in group C+ P ( P<0.05). Compared with group C+ P, the contents of DHA and EPA were significantly increased, the percentage of freezing time in the contextual test and accuracy of rotation in Y maze test were increased on 1st and 3rd days after operation, the density of Iba-1 positive microglia and contents of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased, and mBDNF/pro-BDNF ratio was increased in group ω+ P ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Long-term intake of ω-3 PUFAs can improve cognitive function in a mouse model of POCD, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of activation of hippocampal microglia, reduction of inflammatory responses, and thus increasing the mBDNF/Pro-BDNF ratio.

Objective To study the value of postmortem imaging on the diagnosis of intestinal perforation.Method Postmortem imaging(PMCT and PMCTA)data of 2 intestinal perforation deaths(and 4 controlled cases)were reviewed retrospectively.Diagnosing capacities of intestinal perforation by postmortem imaging method were further investigated.Results PMCT is sensitive in detecting the free air and liquid induced by intestinal perforation.PMCT can sometimes detect the gravity-dependent purulent secretions in the abdominopelvic cavity.PMCTA can visualize the extravasation of contrast agent from the perforation,which can be used to locate the accurate perforation region.Conclusion Postmortem imaging method(PMCT and PMCTA)is an important tool for the diagnosis of intestinal perforation,which can not only be used as a forensic diagnosis method,but is also useful to locate the perforation site before an forensic autopsy.