Recently,much interest has been focused on the clinical application and biology of tumor-derived DNA in the plasma/serum of cancer patients.Such interest has resulted in the demonstration of human papillomavirus(HPV) DNA in the plasma/serum of patients with cervical cancer(CC).The studies used different materials(plasma /serum),different DNA extraction methods and different primers to detect circulating free HPV DNA,so the positive rates varied from(6.9%) to 50%.The HPV DNA in the plasma/serum of patients suffering from CC most likely originates from the tumor itself,which will probably provide us with a new tool for CC monitoring after primary treatment,especially in patients in advanced stages.It is expected that this promising molecular tumor marker would soon be put into routine clinical use.

Objective:To study the effect of TNF-? on the activation and fungicidal activity of mouse peritoneal exudate cells.Methods:The mouse peritoneal exudate cells and macrophage were stimulated with IL-12、IL-18、IFN-?、TNF-? or monoclonal antibody.Cytokines and nitric oxide(NO) levels in the medium supernatant were determined with ELISA and Griess method respectively.Detected the numbers of viable Cryptococcus neoformans in macrophage.Results:Combined with IL-12 and IL-18 synergistically induced the production of TNF-? by peritoneal exudate cells and this effect can be inhibited by neutralizing anti-IFN-? mAb.Combined with IFN-? and TNF-? synergistically induced the production of NO by macrophage and potentiate its activity against Cryptococcus neoformans.Conclusion:The result suggests that the TNF-? plays an important role in enhancement of the fungicidal activity of macrophages. [

There were a lot of differences between the American and Chinese medical education.Students in American should obtain bachelor's degree of humanities or science before reciveing medical doctor's degree at graduation.High altitude militray medicine is a characteristic discipline of the third military medical university,aming at training general doctors for the plateau.During the designing of high altitude militray medicine curriculum and its teaching process,we actively learned from the advanced experiences of American based on the reality,optimizd currulum,improved teaching methods,greatly cultivated the students' protential in order to increase the qualify of high altitude militray medicine personnel.

Background and purpose:For the past few years, HPV DNA has been detected in the peripheral blood in the patients with cervical cancer and believed to be a promising tumor marker, but because the concentration in the patients' serum was extremely low, it made it difficult to detect the circulating HPV DNA. In order to find a way to improve the sensitivity of the assay, this study compared and evaluated three methods that are currently being used to measure HPV DNA in the extraction from serum of cervical cancer patients. Methods:51 patients were pathologically proved to be cervical cancer and enrolled into the study. DNA from their sera was extracted by three methods:(1) Phenol-chloroform extraction, (2) UNIQ-10 collumn virus DNA kit(SANGON,Shanghai), (3) QIAamp MinElute Virus spin kit(QIAGEN,Germany). Then the HPV DNA was quantitated by PCR using GP5+/GP6+ primers.Results:Either fresh or short-term storage sera has been used The positive rates were 14.3%, 5.7%, and 57.1% with three assays, respectively. But when long-term storage samples were used to quantitate, the positive rates were low regardless of the methods being used.Conclusions:QIAamp MinElute Virus spin kit was the most sensitive for the content of serum HPV DNA, it could improve the positive rate for the assay if the serum was not stored for long time.

Objective To explore the application of near infrared fluorescent dye C-dots in cell labeling.Methods B16 melanoma cells were cultured with C-dots of various diameters.The distribution of C-dots in cells was observed by laser confocal fluorescent microscope.The proliferation of both C-dots-labeled and unlabeled cells were measured by MTT colorimetry.The viability of labeled cells was checked by trypan blue staining.Results C-dots with diameter of 5 or 10 nanometers can be used to label cells.The near infrared fluorescence of C-dots was taken into the cells and observed on the cellular membrane.No difference of cellular viability was found between the labeled and unlabeled cells.Conclusion C-dots can be used as an intracellular marker for the research on trace and proliferation of cells.

Objective:To determine the content of magnolol and honokiol in KAIXIONG SHUNQI CAPSULE by HPLC.Methods:Separation was achieved on a Nova Pak C 18 column. The mobile phase was metanol water(78∶22), the wavelength of the UV detector 294nm.Results:Linear range of megnolol and honokiol were 0.08?g 0.4 ?g and 0.052?g 0.26?g, respectively. The average recovery was 100.22% ( RSD =1.21%).Conclusion: The method was accurate and reliable.

Objective:To establish a GC method for the determination of eugenol in Jingbutong Babugao. Methods: The determination was carried out on a PEG 20M capillary column with temperature at 160 ?C , FID detector with temperature at 230 ?C . Results: The eugenol sample showed a good linear relationship at the range of 0.38～6.14?g and correlation coefficient was 0.9993. The average recovery was 98.60% with a RSD of 2.18%. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, reproducible and can be used for determination of eugenol in Jingbutong Babugao.

Eleven male rabbits were divided into 2 groups. Normal saline(NS) group consisted of 5 animals and was treated with 0.9% NaCl solution, and hyperosmotic saline (HS) group consisted of 6 rabbits and was treated with 7.5% NaCl. The animals were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 4000 m and hemorrhagic shock was inflicted to them through femoral artery bleeding. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was brought to 6.0 kPa over 10 minutes and kept at that level for 70 minutes. A certain amount of 0.9% NaCl (300 mmol/L) or 7.5% NaCl (2400 mmol/L) was intravenously infused over a 10-minute interval. The volume infused was equivalent to 10% of the total blood shed. It was found that MAP, left ventricular systolic pressure, and LV dp/dt were significantly higher in HS group than in NS group (from 3rd to 20th minute after infusion). Sodium ion concentration was significantly higher in HS (145.8?3.16 mmol/L) than in NS (135.6?2.87 mmol/L) (P

Objective To design a questionnaire on factors that affect diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome for physicians, and determine the retest reliability. Methods The questionnaire was completed after literature review, and 9 experts were invited to revise the questionnaire. Thirty-four physicians filled the questionnaire for pre-test and did it again for re-test 4 weeks later. Kappa value of each question of the questionnaire was calculated. Results Content validity and face validity were assured by experts. Kappa values were over 0.61 in all items, which achieved substantial level. Conclusion The questionnaire designed has fairly good reliability and validity, and can be used in investigation of irritable bowel syndrome for physicians.

Objective To provide a quantitative summary estimate on the efficacy and safety measures of the combination therapy.Methods We searched databases(Medline and Embase)from January 1997 to December 2009 using‘ Fluticasone and salmerterol' or‘ Seretide' or‘ Advair' or‘ budesonide/formoterol' or‘ Symbicort Turbuhaler' in combination with ‘ Randomised controlled trial'.The databases of GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trial Register and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register,or relevant original studies and review articles were approached for additional studies or details of all relevant studies.Results Morning peak expiratory flow(PEF),evening PEF and clinic FEV1 were 17.59L/min,14.95L/min and 0.08L/min higher with combination therpy than with increasing ICSs by two fold or more at endpoint,respectively.The risk of asthmatic exacerbation was reduced in the combination therpy group compared with the increased doses of ICS groups,with OR being 0.61(95 ％ CI 0.53 ～ 0.70,P ＜ 0.01).Significantly increases in the percent of symptom-free days 6.30(95％ CI 3.52 ～9.10),asthma-control days 9.49(95％ CI 4.74 ～14.25)and relieve-free days 6.59(95％ CI 6.10 ～ 7.08)were observed in patients treated with ICS/LABA compared with increased doses of ICSs at endpoint.Reduction in reliever medication use(inhalations/day)0.22(95 ％ CI 0.11 ～0.33)with significant difference was also observed at endpoint.Conclusion Combination products of ICS/LABA were more effective than a high dose of ICSs in improving lung function,reducing asthmatic exacerbation and use of reliever medication and improving control of asthma.