AIM: This study was designed to investigate the protective role of hypobaric hypoxic pretreatment (HHPT) on hippocampal neurons in Babl/c inbred mice. METHODS: HHPT was produced by simulating a 7 000 m high altitude 2.5 h/d for 3 d. At 36 h after last time decompression, three subgroups consisted of both the control and pretreatment mice were subjected to the 12 000 m high altitude hypobaric hypoxia for 4 h, the severe ischemia produced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 18 min, and the severe ischemia/hypoxia produced by permanently ligation of right lateral common carotid artery followed by a 8 000 m high altitude hypobaric hypoxia for 4 h, respectively. The extents of protection to hippocampal CA1 neurons by HHPT were evaluated by accounting the number of intact neurons between HHPT and control group. RESULTS: The results indicated that HHPT protected hippocampal neurons against severe hypobaric hypoxia, severe ischemia, and ischemia combined with hypobaric hypoxia. CONCLUSION: Hypobaric hypoxic pretreatment induces a delayed protection to hippocampal neurons against hypoxic and ischemic injuries.

AIM: This study was designed to explore the effect of hypoxia on expression of P450 2C11 mRNA in cultured rat astrocytes. METHODS: Cultured rat astrocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups: glutamate group (G), hypoxic group (H), hypoxia + glutamate group (H+G) and control (C). Cells of control group were exposed to nomorxic (95% air, 5%CO 2) condition,that of G and H+G were incubated with 100 ?mol/L L-glutamate ,then cells of H and H+G exposed to hypoxic conditions (5%CO 2, 95%N 2) at 37℃?Each group had five timepoints which included 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, respectively. Expression of mRNAs of P450 2C11 were detected with reverse transcription ploymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Expression of P450 2C11 mRNA did not change in H and C at all the above mentioned timepoints. While it showed marked and continuous increase from 6 h to 24 h in G and from 3 h to 24 h in G+H. P450 2C11 mRNA expression was significantly higher in G than both in H and C, and it was the highest of all groups in G+H. CONCLUSIONS: Glutamate and hypoxia+glutamate increased the expression of P450 2C11 mRNA in cultured rat astrocytes continuously in 24 hours. Hypoxia alone did not increase the expression of P450 2C11 mRNA but enhanced the effect of glutamate on expression of P450 2C11 mRNA in astrocytes, which is maybe one of the mechanisms of hypoxic-induced cerebral dilation.

AIM: This study was designed to explore the differentially expressed genes between hypobaric hypoxic delayed preconditioning (HHDP) and normal mouse hippocampus. METHODS: HHDP was produced by treating the animals at a 7 000 m high altitude for 2.5 h/d for 3 d. At 36 h after last time decompression, total RNA was isolated from hippocampus. cDNA was synthesized and amplified by SMART PCR. cDNA libraries of differentially expressed gene between HHDP and control hippocampus were constructed. 452 clones from forward (subtracted control from preconditioning) cDNA library and 74 clones from backward (subtracted preconditioning from control) one were screened by reverse Northern hybridization. RESULTS: Screening with subtracted probes, hybridization signal of 85 gene fractions decreased and that of 217 gene fractions increased by more than 2 times in HHDP hippocampus compared with control. Screening with unsubtracted probe, hybridization signal of 44 gene fractions decreased and that of 135 gene fractions increased by more than 2 times in HHDP hippocampus compared with control. Some of the clones had been sequenced. Analysis and comparison with the data of GenBank were performed. The results showed that mouse cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 and 6, deleted in split-hand/split-foot 1 region (DSS1) and cDNA corresponding to clone IMAGE: 5251089 of mice cDNA library were increased in hippocampus of HHDP mice. cDNA corresponding to clone IMAGE: 3593193, mus musculus adult male olfactory brain cDNA and mus musculus bladder RCB-0544 MBT-2 cDAN were decreased in hippocampus of HHDP mice. CONCLUSION: Many genes expresses differentially in hippocampus of mice during HHDP. This may be one of the molecular mechanisms of HHDP.

Objective:To investigate the expression of activin A in paraventricular nucleus (PVN)of the WKY rats and its influence in arterial blood pressure,and to clarify the mechanism of activin A in the regulation of arterial blood pressure by PVN.Methods:The WKY rats were selected.The expressions of activin A,ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB,and Smads mRNA in PVN of the WKY rats were measured by RT-PCR.The expression of ActRⅡA protein in PVN was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The microinjection of exogenous activin A into PVN was used to observe the changes of arterial blood pressure.The primary cultured PVN neurons from the WKY rats were divided into control group and activin A group.The mRNA expression levels of ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB,and Smads in the PVN neurons were analyzed by RT-PCR.Results:Activin A,ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB,Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA were expressed in PVN of the WKY rats.The ActRⅡ A protein expression in PVN was further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.After microinjection of activin A or angiotensin Ⅱ (AgⅡ)into PVN,the mean arterial blood pressure was increased obviously compared with before treatment (P <0.05).Moreover,compared with control group,the expression levels of ActRⅡA and Smad3 mRNA in primary cultured PVN neurons of the rats in vitro were significantly increased (P <0.05).Conclusion:Activin A can regulate the arterial blood pressure in PVN in an autocrine or paracrine manner,which is related to ActRⅡA-Smad3 signal pathway.

Users' cognition and information retrieval are faced with great challenges in ubiquitous knowledge environ-ment. The influence of cognitive factors such as personality traits, cognitive style and ability, knowledge structure and ascribed methods on users' information retrieval behaviors was thus analyzed. It was pointed out that different cognitive factors could influence the retrieval, judgment and absorption of its results,users' satisfaction and continuous use in ubiquitous knowledge environment,with suggestions put forward from the aspects of information retrieval education, information service and information users for improving the users ' knowledge system in knowledge assimilating process by working out effective retrieval strategies using the advantages of cognition.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect and prognosis of thrombus suction in patients with acute ST seg-ment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 105 STEMI patients were enrolled and divided into thrombus suction + PCI group (n=34,received thrombus suction + PCI therapy)and routine PCI group (n=71,received routine PCI treatment).Postoperative TIMI flow, cardiac function during hospitalization,incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)and rehospitaliza-tion within one-year follow-up after PCI were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine PCI group,there were significant reductions in peak values of creatine kinase isoenzyme [CK-MB,(236.62± 133.00) ng/ml vs.(186.47±69.20)ng/ml]and creatine kinase [CK,(2833.39± 198.70)ng/ml vs.(2129.59± 199.40) ng/ml],peak time of CK-MB [(12.38±6.70)h vs.(9.65±3.90)h]and CK [(12.80±8.10)h vs.(9.68± 3.50)h]after blood flow recovery,P < 0.05 all in thrombus suction + PCI group;there were downtrend of MACE (19.7% vs.8.8%)and rehospitalization rate (66.2% vs.50.0%)in thrombus suction + PCI group,but no significant difference between routine PCI group and thrombus suction + PCI group during one-year follow-up,P >0.05. Conclusion:Thrombus suction is help for improving patients condition,reducing enzymology level may be effect improving prognosis.

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of sub-health in inpatient caregivers.Methods A total of 432 caregivers met the inclusion criteria were enrolled.Suboptimal health status questionnaire (SHSQ-25) was used to evaluate the status of sub-health.Sub-health was defined as SHSQ-25 score ≥ 35.100 people undertaking routine physical examinations were enrolled as control group.The incidence and influencing factors of sub-health in caregivers were analyzed.Results (1) The caregivers group valued higher in SHSQ-25score significantly (36.9 ± 8.6 vs.27.5 ± 13.0,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of sub-health was obviously higher in caregiver group than that in control group (69.9％ vs.39.0％,P ＜ 0.05).(2) A significant difference in the SHSQ-25 scores between female caregivers and male caregivers was observed (37.9 ± 9.0 vs.34.6 ± 7.1,P ＜0.05).The SHSQ-25 score was positively related with age (r =0.578,P ＜ 0.05) and accompanying time (r =0.507,P ＜ 0.05).Parents,children,or spouses of patients got higher scores than other types of caregivers (38.1 ±8.1 vs.31.1 ±8.8,P＜0.05).(3) Among the sub-health caregivers,only 10.9％ of them were aware of their sub-health status.Conclusion The incidence of sub-health may be higher in inpatient caregivers than the general population.Gender,age,accompanying time,and the relationship between patients and caregivers may be influencing factors for sub-health.Effective action should be taken to improve the health status of caregivers.

Objective To investigate the implementation of the system of older pregnant women prenatal ultrasound screening for the diagnosis and clinioal significance.Methods Clinical data from March 2004 to April 2009 a total of 10 630 cases of pregnant women receiving prenatal ultrasound examination of fetal malformation data,of which 712 cases of advanced maternal age( expected date of birth aged≥35 years) to implement the system of prenatal ultrasound screening and follow-up of all maternal age pregnancy outcome,the final post-natal diagnosis of fetal malformations in the standard,both young women screened as a control group for comparison to assess the value of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis.Results 712 cases of advanced maternal age,prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal malformations in 32 cases,abnormalities occur in approximately 4.49％,single abnormal in 15 cases,complex deformity in 17 cases,missed 4 cases of malformation detection rate was 88.88％ (36/32).Control group,9918 cases of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal malformations 243 cases,2.45％ incidence of deformity (243/9 918 ).Conclusion Older pregnant women,prenatal ultrasound screening for malformations occur in approximately 4.49％,higher than the detection rate with screening younger women 2.45％,of older pregnant women according to the results of prenatal diagnostic screening could be effective in reducing the birth rate of deformed children and the rate of misdiagnosis.

Objective To evaluate salvage liver transplantation(LT)for postoperative tumor recurrence or liver dysfunction in patients of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods From April 2001 to March 2006,97 HCC patients with the tumor within Milan Criteria underwent LT as the primary treatment(71 cases)and salvage LT because of after resection tumor recurrence(n=20)or postoperative liver dysfunction(n=6).Perioperative and postoperative parameters and long-term survival were compared between the groups of primary LT and salvage LT.Results The mean age(50.0 years vs.49.7 years),gender,and etiology of liver disease(hepatitis B/C/nonviral)were comparable between the two groups.In the salvage LT group.the mean time between liver resection and LT was 2.50 years.Clinical characteristics such as tumor number(1.37 vs.1.50),operative time(7.92 hours vs.8.56 hours),blood loss (1981.69 ml vs.2626.92 ml)and transfusion(1981.69 ml vs.2626.92 ml)were not statistically different (P＞0.05)between the two groups.The size of largest tumor was significantly different between salvage LT group and the primary LT group(2.81 cm vs.2.05 cm)(t=2.298,P=0.028).By a median follow up of 14.63 months,overall survival after liver transplantation was not different between the 2 groups(X2=0.003.P=0.959).Conclusion In selected patients,liver resection prior to transplantation does not increase the morbidity or impair long.term survival following LT.Therefore.1iver resection prior to transplantation can be integrated with the treatment strategy for HCC.

Aim To investigate the expression of AB-CB5 and MDR1 in the cell line KG1 a and samples from acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) and their effects on multidrug resistance. Methods The expression of ABCB5 and P-gp ( the expressed product of MDR1 ) in KG1 a cells were detected by flow cytometry as well as Western blot analysis; KG1 a cells were transfected with the specific siRNA of ABCB5 using lipo2000 to reduce the expression of ABCB5; intracellular rhoda-mine123 was measured by flow cytometry;cell viability was detected by MTT; the expressions of ABCB5 and MDR1 in samples from AML were detected by real time PCR. Results ABCB5 and P-gp were overexpressed in KG1 a;the specific siRNA of ABCB5 transiently in-hibited the expression of ABCB5 in KG1 a; the siAB-CB5-KG1 a cells increased the intracellular rhodamine 123 and have been more sensitive to adriamycin com-pared with the parent KG1a. ABCB5 gene expression in samples from AML was higher than healthy people. Further, the expression of ABCB5 in 38 relapse or re-fractory AML significantly exceeded the 33 drug sensi-tive. And we found a significant positive correlation between ABCB5 expression and MDR1 gene expression in the 38 patients with relapse or refractory AML. Conclusion ABCB5 , as well as P-gp contributes to mediate multidrug resistance of AML, which provides a novel target for the therapy of relapse or refractory AML.