Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of optic nerve accompanied by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),cupping of optic nerve head,and visual field loss.The mechanism of glaucomatous optic neuropathy still has not yet been elucidated.Autophagy is an important metabolic pathway including degrading and recycling damaged organelles and macromolecules to maintain intracellular homeostasis,and it participates in the pathogenesis of various diseases.Some studies on the relationship between autophagy and glaucoma indicated that autophagy played a dual role during the glaucomatous neurodegenerative process,and it is verified that many metabolic pathways modulate autophagy by positive and negative regulation.To elucidate and take advantage of autophagy to manage neurodegeneration in glaucoma is of great importance.In this article,the probable effects of autophagy in the mechanism of glaucomatous optic neuropathy including ocular hypertension,damage to the optic nerve fiber layer,remodeling of optic nerve head,clearance of mutant protein,and immune reactions are reviewed.

Dysphasia is a fatal complication of stroke, and may result in other complications. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is helpful for the recovery of dysphasia associated with stroke, which may involve in the polarity and cerebral plasticity. There are advantages and disadvantages of tDCS compared with repetitive transcrnial magnetic stimulation.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),and make a primary relative study on the relationship between VEGF and pH.Methods Thirty-nine patients with mild to moderate OSAHS,36 patients with severe OSAHS and 18 healthy snorers who had been admitted to the First Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College from Feb.2003 to Sep.2004 were enrolled in this study.The serum levels of VEGF were detected in all patients at 7:00 AM the next day after the detection of polysomnography(PSG).Additionally 31 patients with OSAHS were detected by doppler echocardiography to get the values of pulmonary artery pression.Results There was nocturnal hypoxia in patients with OSAHS compared with healthy snorers,and the degree of nocturnal hypoxia was depended with the grade of OSAHS(both achieved statistical difference)by the detection of PSG.The levels of VEGF was significantly higher in patients with severe OSAHS than in healthy snorers(P

OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of Simvastatin sustained release tablets in healthy beagle dogs.METHODS:6 beagle dogs were randomized into two groups.They received oral single dose of Simvastatin sustained release tablets 20 mg(test tablet) or Simvastatin tablets for sale(reference tablet).Plasma samples were collected at different time points.Plasma concentration of simvastatin acid was determined by LC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of reference tablet vs.test tablet were as follows:Cmax:(23.461?6.043) ng?mL-1 vs.(13.942?3.236) ng?mL-1;tmax:(2.158?0.396) h vs.(4.116?1.145 3) h;t1/2:(4.564?0.645) h vs.(8.143?0.679) h;AUC0～24 h:(118.647?31.989) ng?h?mL-1 vs.(129.977?29.853) ng?h?mL-1.CONCLUSIONS:The absorption rate of test tablet is different from that of reference tablet.The two kinds of tablets are not bioequivalent.

Metals,due to their unique and excellent antibacterial properties,have been widely used in biomedical fields. However,their antibacterial mechanisms are not yet completely clear,so that studies on metal toxicity to bacteria have been a frontier in recent years. There are two main antibacterial mechanisms that have been reported so far. One is based on oxidative damage to bacte?ria induced by the reactive oxygen species,and the other is based on structural changes induced by the Coulomb attraction. The results of bacterial damage could be due to the combination of the two mechanisms. In this paper,current research progress in antibacterial mechanisms of metal has been discussed,which will technically facilitate further development and applications of antimicrobial metal?lic materials.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of drug-eluting stent( DES) combined with clopi-dogrel therapy in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods 123 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly divided into observation group (DES) of 60 cases and the control group ( bare-metal stent,BMS) of 63 cases. The observation group was given the treatment of DES combined clopidogrel, the control group was given the treatment of BMS combined clopidogrel. The stent implantation and the follow-up two-year MACE were observed. Results (1) The average implanted stent length of the observation group was longer than that of the control group(P<(0.05) ,the angiography in vascular disease and complexity between the two groups had no significant difference ( P > 0. 05 ) ; the success rate of surgery in the two groups was 100% , after operation the TIMI flow reached grade 3. (2) The incidence of angina pectoris and revascularization rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the rate of coronary angiography, recurrent myocardial infarction and the incidence of cardiac death between the two groups had no significant difference ( P > 0.05). Conclusion DES combined with clopidogrel maintenance therapy for a year in patients with coronary heart disease had a good long-term efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of hypoxia improvement in Hep-2 cell on cisplatin-induced apoptosis. METHOD: Human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells and HIF-1α-RNAi-Hep-2 cells were cultured in normoxic, hypoxic and reoxygenation condition. The inhibition of cisplatin on cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The influence of cisplatin on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULT: The inhibition of cisplatin on cell proliferation was reduced by hypoxia. After HIF-1α gene was silenced, the inhibition of cisplatin on Hep-2 cell proliferation was increased apparently, but was still interfered partly by hypoxia. Hypoxia could induce cell apoptosis decreased and enhance chemotherapeutic resistance. After reoxygenation, cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin was increased significantly (P < 0.05). HIF-1α-RNAi-Hep-2 cells under hypoxia also showed certain resistance to apoptosis but the sensitivity to cisplatin was higher than that of Hep-2 cells. When cells were returned from hypoxic condition to normoxic condition for some time, the apoptosis induced by cisplatin was increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The improvement of hypoxic microenvironment with HIF-1α gene knockout could increase the sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to chemotherapy.
Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Objective:To study dynamic change of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)and prognosis improvement in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI)complicated hy-poxemia after noninvasive mechanical ventilation therapy.Methods:A total of 60 patients with AAMI complicated hypoxemia,who were hospitalized in our hospital from Mar 2011 to Oct 2013,were divided into noninvasive venti-lation group (n=28)and routine treatment group (n=32)according to number table.Dynamic change of BNP, LVEF and prognosis were observed and compared between two groups.Results:After treatment,BNP level and LVEF significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05 all),compared with routine treatment group,there was more significant reduction in BNP level [24h:(263.6±23.3)μmol/L vs.(126.2±21.9)μmol/L]and significant rise in LVEF [(40.6±13.1)% vs.(47.3±14.7)%]in noninvasive ventilation group after treatment (P<0.01 both);af-ter 30d follow-up,there were significant rise in 6min walking distance (percentage of 426~550m,59.3% vs. 75.0%),LVEF [(41.1±11.7)% vs.(49.4±12.5)%]and survival rate (90.6% vs.96.4%),and significant re-duction in rehospitalization rate (12.5% vs.7.1%)in noninvasive ventilation group,P<0.01 all.Conclusion:Ear-ly noninvasive mechanical ventilation therapy can significantly improve cardiac function,exercise tolerance and short-term prognosis in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction complicated hypoxemia.

In recent years, many modern spectral databases for complex materials ( such as soil, feed, forensic evidence materials, pharmaceuticals and oils) have been established based on molecular spectroscopy (UV, infrared, near infrared, Raman and fluorescence) both at home and abroad, which are playing more and more important roles in the agricultural and industrial production and science research. Spectral searching method is one of the key technologies to make full use of the molecular spectral database. This paper reviewed the progress in the basic and modified algorithm, strategy and application of molecular spectral searching methods, and put forward the scientific and technological problems that need attention and further research.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and side reaction of brucea javanica oil ( BJO) combined with 125I and chemotherapy on stageⅢ?Ⅳpatients with non?small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) . Methods One hundred and twenty cases on stageⅢ?Ⅳpatients with NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups,60 cases received BJO combined with 125I and chemotherapy treatment(observation group),the other 60 cases received 125I combined with chemotherapy treatment(control group). Results The objective response rate(ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 71. 7%,86. 7% of observation group and 66. 7%,85. 0% of control group,there were no significant difference(χ2=0. 352,0. 069;P>0. 05) . The improvement rate of KPS score in observation group was significantly superior to that in control group, the difference was significant (76. 7% vs. 55. 0%;χ2=6. 261,P<0. 05) . The incidence of myelosuppression and gastrointestinal adverse e?vents in observation group was significantly lower that in control group ( 68. 3% vs. 83. 3%,41. 7% vs. 61. 7%;χ2=3. 883,4. 805;P<0. 05) . Conclusion BJO combined with 125I and chemotherapy for treating on stageⅢ?Ⅳ patients with NSCLC can reduce the toxicity and side effects caused by chemotherapy,and significantly im?prove the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients.