Objective To know the renal damage in cadmium (Cd) exposed residents in Cd polluted areas where polluted by Cd for 20 years. Methods The levels of urinary Cd (UCd), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG), ?2-microglobulin (UBMG), retinal binding protein (URBP), and albumin (UALB) were measured in 39, 65, 57, and 42 residents lived in the severe-, moderate-, light-, and non-polluted area respectively for more than 20 years. The test indexes were adjusted with urinary creatinine, and geometric means were statistically used. Results The levels of UCd in all subjects were obviously decreased compared with those in 1992, but the levels of UCd, UNAG, UBMG, and URBP and the abnormal rate of UNAG in residents in Cd-polluted areas were significantly higher than those in residents in non-polluted area (P

Objective To investigate the regrlative role of the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the cochlear blood flow and auditory function in guinea pig.Methods The horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was given to spiral modiolar artery locally for retrograde tracing in guinea pig. Immunohistochemical double-labeled technique was used in this study. The cochlear blood flow and auditory brainstem response(ABR) was measured a week after anilateral superior cervical sympathectony. The animal model of superior cervical sympathectomy following noise exposure in guinea pigs was estableshed to observe the auditory threshold shift.Results Retrogradely labeled neurons with HRP were found in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion(SCG). Most of HRP-labeled neurons in SCG were tyrosion hydroxylase(TH) positive. The blood flow of the capillaries of the stria vascularis on the experimental side a week ago were more aplenty than that of the opposite side, but the ABR threshold did not changed before and after ablation of the superior cervical ganglion.A protective role against noise injury was observed after surgical ablation of superior cervical ganglion.Conclusion The superior cervical sympathectomy can influence the cochlear blood flow and auditory function in guinea pig.

To investigate the prevalence of mental health problems in male violent offenders of Hunan and Sichuan Provinces; and to compare the types and severity of problems between the violent and nonviolent offenders.Methods:Ninety-one violent juvenile offenders and 64 nonviolent juvenile offenders in the juvenile detention centers of Hunan,and 81 violent juvenile offenders in the juvenile detention centers of Sichuan; 39 high school students from a middle school of Hunan Province and 49 from a middle school of Sichuan Province were investigated using the Investigation Screening Inventory for Child Mental Disorder and the Kiddy Schedule for Affective Diseases and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL),and classified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Results:In the Hunan violent group,86.6％ met the criterion of conduct disorder (CD),17.6％ of substance abuse,9.9％ of substance dependence,while in the Hunan nonviolent group,75.0％ met the criterion of CD,and 11.7％ of substance abuse; these were all significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).In the Sichuan violent group,17.3％ met the criterion of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),18.5％ of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD),69.1％of CD,and 22.2％ of substance abuse; these were all significantly higher than those of the Sichuan control group.Moreover,63.7％ of Hunan-violent,55.6％ of Sichuan-violent,and 45.0％ of Hunannonviolent offenders had a previous offence records.Conclusion:Mental and behavioral disorders among delinquent youth is becoming a serious problem,and there is an urgent need to develop and implement effective assessment and treatment approaches for juvenile offenders with the aim of reducing offence and recidivism in this population.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for constructing scientific and reasonable pharmaceutical service mode for hospitalized patients with chronic airway diseases. METHODS From October 2023 to March 2024， 250 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute exacerbation of asthma who were hospitalized in the respiratory department of Hebei General Hospital and received pharmaceutical care （PC） were randomly divided into control group （125 cases） and observation group （125 cases）. The control group received general pharmaceutical services throughout their hospitalization， while the observation group received standardized and graded pharmaceutical services throughout their hospitalization. The differences in clinical value indicators， humanistic value indicators， and quality management indicators were compared among different PC service models. RESULTS Among clinical value evaluation indicators， the observation group had better achievement rate of disease treatment goals， correct use score of inhalation devices， the incidence of adverse drug reactions， and the number of drug-related problems solved than the control group （P＜0.05）. Among the humanistic evaluation indicators， compared with the control group， the observation group had better medication compliance scores， pharmacist intervention success rates， and patient satisfaction scores （P＜0.05）. Among quality management evaluation indicators， the proportion of drug costs， the proportion of intravenous medication， the use rate of antibiotics， the intensity of antibiotic use， and the number of pharmaceutical services in the observation group were significantly better than the control group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Standardized and graded pharmaceutical care services have improved the efficiency of pharmacists and service effectiveness， making it a new pharmaceutical service model worth promoting.