Objective:To study the relationship between the protective effect of shenfu parenteral solution (SF) on myocardium in rats and HSP 70 .Methods:To establish general ischemia reperfusion(I/R) model.Thirty-five healthy white rats were divided into five groups randomly:sham operation group(group C),I/R30 group (including 2 groups),SF group(including 2 groups).After myocardial ischemia lasting for 40min,then reperfusing for 30min or 120min.To detect hemodynamic parameter,myocardium MDA content,SOD activity,HSP 70 expression and ultrastructure were examined.Results:Compare with I/R group:LVSP and ?dp/d/max rose up,however,LVEDP decreased( P

Objective:To obtain experiences of anesthesia and its perioperative management for clinical liver translantation.Methods:40 healthy pigs were divided into two groups at random:20 donators,20 receivers.The oral intubation and total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA) were adopted in all pigs.The hemodynamic changes were continuously monitored during the operating phases.The changes of blood biochemistry and arterial blood gas were monitored during preanhepatic phase,anhepatic phase and primary neohepatic phase in 20 receivers.Results:Because of the special anatomy of pigs,the intubation was difficult and requires higher techniques.The oral intubation was successful in 39 cases,and tracheotomy in 1 case.There were remarkable hemodynamic changes and severe metabolic acidosis during anhepatic phase and primary neohepatic phase being compared with the preanhepatic phase,and temporary serum kalium concentration increases during primary neohepatic phase.Conclusion:The oral intubation can be adopted in pigs.Anesthesia can be shallow during the anhepatic phase.Hemodynamics and acid base and electrolyte equilibrium change significantly.Therefore it is very important to monitor hemodynamics and blood biochemistry and arterial blood gas in order to prevent and manage their disturbance during orthotopic liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on myocardial nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB)and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in isolated rat hearts.Methods Twenty-four adult SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each):group Ⅰ control (C) ; group Ⅱ I/R and group Ⅲ propofol + I/R (P).The animals were anesthetized with intrxperitoneal urethane 1.0 g/kg and their hearts were excised.The aorta was cannulated and the hearts were retrogradely pedused with oxygenated K-H solution in a Langandorff apparatus for 20 min.In group C the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 110 min.In I/R group after 20 min stabilization the hearts were made globally ischemic for 30 min followed by 60 rain reperfusion.In group P the hearts were peffused with K-H solution containing 50 μmol/L propofol for 20 min,the hearts were then made globally ischemic for 30 min followed by 60 min repedusinn with K-H solution containing 50 μmol/L propofol.Cardiac troponinI (cTnI) concentration in coronary effluent was measured at the end of 20 min stabilization before myocardial isobemia (baseline) and at 10 min(T1) and 60 min (T2) of reperfusion.Myocardial specimen was obtained frem left ventricle at 60 min of repeffusion for determination of MDA content,SOD and iNOS activity,the expression of NF-κB and IκB (by immuno-histochemistry).Results The cTnI concentration in coronary effluent was significantly higher at T1 and T2 in group I/R and at T2 in group P than in group C.The NF-κB expression was significantly higher while IκB expression was lower in I/R and P group than in group C.iNOS activity was higher in I/R group than in control group but there was no significant difference in iNOS between group P and C.Propofol administered before and after myocardial ischemia significantly attenuated I/R-induced changes listed above.Conclusion Propofol can attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusien injury through reducing the NF-κB activation and suppressing the iNOS activity.

[Abstract ] Tumor, with its high morbidity and mortality, has been gained increasingly high attention from the world .Current-ly, the main treatment for solid tumor is still surgical resection , during which surgery , anesthesia and other factors may have such side effects as releasing tumor cells into blood , lymphatic , bone marrow even organs and then resulting in the formation of micrometastatic lesion, increasing the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis and finally affecting the postoperative survival rate .Recently, studies have shown that most anesthetic agents can influence the function of immune system and the activity of tumor cells , and then impact the tumor micrometastasis .This paper will summarize the research progresses in the impacts of anesthetic agents on tumor micrometastasis during perioperative period .

Objective To investigate the protective effects of emulsified isoflurane(8% v/v) on myocardial cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) in cultured myocardial cells from neonatal rats.Methods Myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation model was established by culturing myocardial cells primarily isolated from neonatal rats.The myocardial cells were divided into 4 groups,the normal group,model group,fat milk treatment group,and mulsified isoflurane treatment group(0.28 mmol/L).Cellular morphologic changes and pulsation frequency were observed under inverted microscope.Cell activity was determined by XTT assay.The activities of plasma superoxide dismutase(SOD) was measured by xanthine oxidase method and the contents of serum malonicaldehyde(MDA) by thiobarbituric acid method.The activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in the culture medium after H/R injury was measured.Western blot analysis was used to detect caspase-3 protein expression in every group.Results Compared with normal group,SOD activity was decreased,and MDA content,LDH activity and the expression of caspase-3 protein were increased in model group(P

Aim To study the effect of Bay k8644 on cardiac function with the model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)in Rats.Methods Rat MIRI was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 40 min followed by 90 min reperfusion.Eighteen rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: saline,Bay k8644 and 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)intravenously injected 30 min after ischemia.Heart functions were assessed before ischemia and 5,20 and 40 min after initiation of ischemia and 5,30,60 and 90 min after reperfusion,by measuring heart rate(HR),the left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) and ?dp/dt_(max).Results After ischemia,LVSP and +dp/dt_(max) decreased(P

Aim To investigate the effect of ranolazine postconditioning on myocardial apoptosis, the reperfusion injurysalvage kinase and the opening of MPTP in isolated rat hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.Methods The langendorff mode was set up.Fifty-five SD rat hearts were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=7): ischema and reperfusion (I/R group),20 μmol·L~(-1) ranolazine postconditioning group(RPostC),ranolazine and the specific MPTP opener atractyloside group (RA), ranolazine and the specific ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 group (RP), ranolazine and the specific PI3K inhibitor PD98059 wortmannin group(RW), atractyloside group(A), PD98059 group (P) and wortmannin group (W). The isolated hearts were subjected to 30 minutes ischemia,10minutes drug postconditioning and 5 mitutes K-H buffer reperfusion.Myocardial apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cells), apoptotic index (AI), the opening of MPTP (spectrophotometry) and the The expression of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 protein were measured at the end of reperfusion in each group.Results Compared with IR group, Myocardial AI and opening of MPTP were decreased in RPostC groups (P<0.05), the expression of p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 protein were increased in RPostC, RA, RP, and RW groups (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in other groups(P>0.05). Compared with RPostC group, Myocardial AI and opening of MPTP were increased in RA, RP, RW, A, P and W groups (P<0.05), and the expression of p-AKT、p-ERK1/2 protein were decreased in RP, RW, A, P and W groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences of the expressions of p-AKT,p-ERK1/2 protein in RA groups (P>0.05). Compared with RA group, there were no significant differences in myocardial AI and opening of MPTP (P>0.05) and the expression of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 protein were decreased in RP, RW, A, P and W groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Ranolazine postconditioning can attenuate myocardial apoptosis in isolated rat hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion via activation RISK pathway and inhibition of the opening of MPTP.

Objective To investigate the effects of cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of emulsified isoflurane on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Fifty-six male SD rats, weighing 180-250 g, were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 20% urethane 1 g/kg and heparin 1 000 U/kg. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus. Fifty-six isolated hearts were randomly divided into 7 groups ( n = 8 each) : St. Thomas cardioplegic solution group (group C) and St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 6 different concentrations of emulsified isoflurane groups (group E1-6 ). After 20 min equilibration, cardiac arrest was induced with St. Thomas cardioplegic solution 20 ml and St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, 1.68, 2.24 and 2.80 mmol/L emulsified isoflurane 20 ml at 4℃for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion in group C and E1-6 respectively. HR, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and + dp/dtmax were recorded at the end of 20 min equilibration, 20, 40 and 60 min of reperfusion. Coronary effluent 1.5 ml was collected for determination of LDH and SOD activity and the concentration of cTnI. At the end of 60 min reperfusion, the area of myocardial infarction was calculated. Results Compared with group C, HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly higher, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration lower, and the area of myocardial infarction lower in group E4, and HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly lower, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration higher, and the area of myocardial infarction higher in group E6 and E6 ( P < 0.05) , but there was no significant difference in the above indices between group E1-3 and group C ( P > 0.05) . HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly lower, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration higher, and the area of myocardial infarction higher in group E1-3-5-6 than in group E4 (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 1.68 mmol/L emulsified isoflurane can attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolatede rat hearts.

Only a specifc subset of cancer cells in each tumor with characteristics of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation is responsible for tumor initiation,propagation and chemoresistance,they are termed as cancer initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). This review summarizes the latest advances about the isolation and identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells and and its relationship with invasion and metastasis,chemotherapy resistance.