In this study we studied the antioxidative activity of kidney bean, eggplant, peach, sweet pepper, banana, rape, potato, tomato, celery, grape, cucumber, leek and cowpea, using the inhibition rate of TBAS formation (TBASI) as an indicator. Meanwhile we estimated the activity of eliminating superoxide by means of chemiluminescence method. The main results were shown as follows:1.Before boiling, kidney bean, leek, eggplant, banana, rape and cow-pea showed much higher TBASI values than cucumber, grape and tomato. After boiling for 20 minutes, TBASI values in grape, banana and eggplant were higher than those in cucumber and tomato.2.After boiling for 20 minutes, the TBASI values in eggplant, kidney. bean, leek, cowpea and potato were decreased; whereas that in grape increased significantly.3.No relationship was found between the TBASI values and the abilities of eliminating superoxide in vegetables and fruits.4.Among the vegetables and fruits studied, eggplant possessed the most potential ability of eliminating superoxide, but kidney bean and sweet pepper the next, and cucumber, tomato, peach, grape the least.

Sixty male rats divided equally into three groups were fed with synthetic diet. In every group each rat was subcutaneously given with vitamin B12 and folic acid, but the administration dose for different group was different so that the first group showed nutritional insufficiency, the second almost normal and the third good nutritional condition.Having fed to four weeks, the nitrogen intake for the first group (0.36 ?0.01 g/day) was significantly lower than that for the second (0.45?0.02 g/day) or for the third (0.44 ?0.012 g/day). The same were true for urinary nitrogen and total nitrogen.Under histidine load of 50 mg per rat, the urinary nitrogen excretion in every group was increased, but the increased quantity was much more than the nitrogen content in histidine used for loading test. At the same while the urinary amino nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen for the first group were increased, but not for the second or for the third before and after the loading test.Twelve rats selected from every group were equally distributed into two subgroups, one being irradiated with 60Co ray 700 rad and other not irradiated taking as control. The loading tests of histidine were undertaken at 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th day. The results showed that the radiation damage, the decrease of food intake and histidine loading test might exaggerate the disturbance of nitrogen metabolism in rats suffered from nutritional insufficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid, as shown in urinary amino nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen excretion, but higher administration of vitamin B12 and folic acid could eliminate the exaggeration and improve the disturbance of nitrogen metabolism as well.

Three patients of chronic radiation disease having typical clinical symptoms were selected as experimental subjects. They took high-protein diet containing 1586-1669 kcal, 75.4-77.2g protein, 162.4-183.0g carbohydrate and 69.7-69.8g fat. Apparent digestibilities of protein, carbohydrate and fat in the diet were estimated as 85.9-87.3, 98.8-99.3 and 94.7-96.1% respectively. Nitrogen balances of three patients were -0.90, -0.31 and -0.01g per day. During that period, patients' body weight dropped 0.5-1.5kg.Afterward two patients received the diet therapy of a high-protein high-calorie diet specially prepared and given at six meals instead of four meals per day. The daily intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate and calories were increased to 97.2g, 94g, 308-312g and 2467-2483 kcal respectively. The digestibility of protein in the therapeutic diet was slightly higher than that in hospital diet, but those of carbohydrate and fat did not change obviously. The nutritional status of two patients became better as shown by that the nitrogen balance turned positive ( + 2.37 and +2.93g per day) and the body weight increased.

Weanlimg male rats fed on synthetic diet containing 1% succinylsulfa-thiazole and devoid of vitamin B12 and folic acid for 3-5 weeks, developed syndromes of the vitamins deficiency, i.e. poor food consumption, low growth rate, decrease in white cell count and marked increase in formimi-noglutamic acid excretion.Nevertheless, the others had an intake of vitamin B12 (0.02 ?g/day/-rat) and folic acid (0.5?g/day/rat) for a 36-day period, also showed signs of vitamins deficiency. But when given a daily dose of 0.1 ?g of vitamin B12 and 2.5 ug of folic acid, the rats had a good appetite and grew well, and excreted more formiminoglutamic acid than normal rats, when they were given a loading dose (0.05 g/rat) of histidine. Under the similar feed- ing condition, rat ingesting a daily dose of 0.3 ug of vitamin B12 and 7.5ug of folic acid, showed no obvious syndomes of the vitamins deficiency.After the rats were fed on the same diet and given with vitamin B12 (0.02 ug/day/rat) and folic acid (0.5ug/day/rat) for a 36-day period, the animals developed increased radiosensitivity. After total-body irradiation (700 rad), the food consumption, growth rate and survival rate in this group were lower than those in other groups ingesting individually 0.1 ug of vitamin B12 and 2.5 ug of folic acid or 0.3ug of vitamin B12 and 7.5 ug of folic acid daily.After irradiation, in the group of 0.02 ug of vitamin B12 and 0.5 ug of folic acid or 0.1 ug of vitamin B12 and 2.5 ug of folic acid in daily in-gestion there was a considerable increase in formiminoglutamic acid with a loading test of histidine(0.05 g/rat) than before. The results showed that the radiation intensified vitamins deficiency in rats.

The dynamic variation of folate content in the whole blood from ?-irra-diated rats have been observed. The level of folate, which did not alter significantly 24 hours after whole-body exposure of 800 rads, decreased dramatically to about 50 percent at the 5th day and to about 67 percent at the 10th day. After irradiation the haemoglobin concentration in rats also decreased, but there was no coincidence between the dynamic variation of folate level and haemoglobin concentration. It is probable that ionizing radiation induces the folic acid malnutrition of rats.

Sixty male rats divided into the control and the gelatin group were fed with 20% protein synthetic diet. The diet for the former group contained 24% casein, whereas for the latter 11% gelatin and 12% casein. , Having been fed for some days, all rats were irradiated with 875 rad (LD85-90). The main results were summarized as follows;1. The gelatin group had higher survival rate than the control group. 2. The body weight of gelatin group was less declined than that of control group and then much restored than the latter. 3. The survival time of dying rats within 14 days following the exposure to 875 rad in gelatin group was more longer than that in control group. 4. The gelatin group had less biological lesions than the control group.It was suggested that the gelatin diet had distinctly prophylactic-therapeutic action on acute radiation damage and its mechanism was probably related to the prevention from disturbance of collagen metabolism.

Studies on nitrogen metabolism in rats and dogs during acute radiation damage were made, the main results being shown as follows:1. Rats given 630 r whole body radiation showed marked decrease of food intake, but their body weight losses exceeded substantially those of non-radiated rats in pair feeding group. As compared with the latter, the former had more excretion of urinary nitrogem and negative nitrogen balance in the 1st and 2nd day following the exposure of X-ray.2. Four adult male dogs were selected as experimental animals. After irradiation of 430 r,the daily intake of protein and calories were decreased and correspondingly the excretion of total nitrogen,urea nitrogen and amino nitrogen became increased, especially in the 1st and 2nd day.3. Three groups of dogs were fed to low, moderate and high protein diet respectively. Their nitrogen balance were different but normal, however, after irradiation of 400 r the nitrogen balances in the low protein diet group became negative whereas that in the moderate or high protein diet group in general was slightly positive.

Rats were divided into 4 groups. Among them the control group was fed to the synthetic diet consisted of egg white powder, sucrose, plant oil, vitamins and salts mixture, the other 3 groups being fed to the same diet except that instead of egg white and sucrose in 20 % composition of diet liver, cabbage and yeast were used respectively.After the irradiation of 630 r, the 30 days mortality in control group was significantly higher than any other experimental group. As compared with the control group, the liver-fed group had longer survival time and more increment of body weight in the recovery period. It suggested that certain factors might exist in liver, cabbage or yeast for the protective effect on acute radiation damage though the action of known nutrients (especially essential trace elements) was not completely exclusive.

Eight adult dogs distributed equally into control and therapy groups were fed on stock diet for 20 days and then irradiated whole-bodily with 60Co 4.65 Gy. After irradiation the control group was not given any therapeutic measure but fed on the diet as usual, while the therapy group was given with a larger amount of vitamins and high-caloric and high-protein diet, and sometimes force feeding was taken if the latter showed sign of anorexia. Whether higher values of nonprotein nitrogen in serum of two dogs in restored period and diarrhea happened in the therapy group were attribute to The treatments such as high-protein diet and force feeding were still unknown, the curing effects of nutrition and antibiotics were distinct as shown in that the body weight was easily maintained, and that the anemia and leucopenia wereless severe and recovered early. Moreover, within 30 days both the ther apy andcontrol groups one dog died respectively but survival time of the former was longer than the latter.

Objective To screen the proteins with decreased expression in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by comparing their expression profiles with that of osteoarthritis (OA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients by a proteomic approach,and to explore the association of reduced expression with disease susceptibility by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.Methods Proteins extracted from the synovial membranes (n=10 for each disease) were separated by 2-D electrophoresis.The proteins with significantly decreased expression in the RA samples were subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS.The results were verified using Western blotting.Tag SNPs located in the targeted gene were assessed using the Taqman assay in a cohort of 267 Chinese patients with RA and 160 healthy controls.The genotyping results were confirmed in a large cohort of 389 patients with RA and 371 healthy controls.SPSS 11.5 software package was used for one way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test.Results The expression of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) in the synovial membranes from patients with RA was significantly decreased when examined by proteomic approach.This result was confirmed by Western blotting analysis.The rs2282679 was significantly associated with RA (P=0.026 794).This result was confirmed in a large cohort of RA( OR=0.678 639,95％CI 0.54l 113-0.851 118,P=0.000 776).Conclusion Compared with samples from patients with OA and AS,RA patients' synovial tissues have low VDBP expression when examined by the proteomic method.The tag SNP rs2282679 located in VDBP is significantly associated with RA.The decreased expression and the genetic effect of VDBP in RA suggest that a novel pathogenic pathway,in which vitamin D contributes,may be involved in the arthritis process of RA.