[Objective]To investigate the effect of simvastatin on the osteoclast and the focal resorptin of calvaria bone.[Method]Animal model of calvaria bone resorption was induced by parathyroid hormone-related peptide in mice.[Result]Simvastatin on the dose of 10,20 mg/kg/d could inhibit the resorption of calvaria bone and the formation of osteoclast,while,no significant inhibition was observed on the low dose(0,5 mg/kd/d).[Conclusion]Simvastation can effectively inhibit the resorption of focal bone in mice.It may provide an important strategy in treatment of diseases involved focal bone resorption.

[Objective]To study the effect of simvastatin in the osteoclastic resorption stimulated by PTHrP and murine bone anabolism in vitro.[Method]The bone resorption activities of the osteoclast stimulated by PTHrP were evaluated after treatment with simvastatin for 8 days in vitro;the concentration of Ca~(2+) in the supernatant was also detected by atomic absorption spectrometer.The concentration of ALP and Ca~(2+) of the supematant in murine calvarial organ culture were detected.The histology of calvaria was observed.[Result]Simvastatin greatly inhibited the osteoclastic bone resorption stimulated by PTHrP in vitro and reduced the release of Ca~(2+).Simvastatin increased the ALP activities and bone mineralization of murines calvarial organ culture in vitro.[Conclusion]Simvastatin may inhibit the osteoclasric resorption stimulated by PTHrP and promote osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization in vitro,thus play an important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective:To study the effect of simvastatin on PTHrP stimulated osteoclastic resorption of murine calvarium and bone anabolism in vitro. Methods:Osteoclasts were isolated from bone marrow of Balb/C mice,cultured and identified.Calvaria of the new born Balb/C mice were cultured with PTHrP at 45 ng/ml and/or simvastatin at 10~ -7 -10~ -5 mol/L for 8 d.Ca~ 2+ and ALP in the culture supernatent were measured by atom spectrophotometer and automatic biochemical analyzer respectively.The bones were examined histologically.Results:Simvastatin at 10~ -7 -10~ -5 mol/L inhibited osteoclast formation and the osteoclastic bone resorption stimulated by PTHrP in vitro and reduced the release of Ca~ 2+ from the cultured osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. Simvastatin increased the ALP activities and bone mineralization of murines calvaria cultured in vitro. Conclusions:Simvastatin may inhibit the osteoclasric resorption stimulated by PTHrP and promote bone mineralization in vitro.

Objective To analyze the hospitalization expenses of cancer patients covered with byitem payment and quota payment packages,and probe into the impacts on such expenses for the two payment packages.Methods Inpatient records of 600 cancer patients were sampled by random from the medical insurance databases of Zhengzhou and Fuzhou to learn their hospitalization expenses and impact factors.Results Under the by-item payment package,the expenses of urban workers’ medical insurance were found higher than those of urban residents' medical insurance,with a per capita expense of RMB 32747.70 ± 32035.01 and 23035.83 ± 22875.65 respectively.Under the quota payment package however,there were no significant differences between expenses of the two kinds of inpatients,with a per capita expense of RMB 66043.41±47562.09 and 66576.54±73417.29 respectively.Conclusion There are gaps of reimbursement level between the two basic insurance schemes,which may not disappear in a short time.Under the by-item payment package,the gap exists in the difference of perreimbursement amount; under the quota payment package,the gap is negligible between the two populations under different insurance schemes.It is recommended to make reasonable use of these different payment schemes to minimize the relative gaps in medical service accessibility caused by the difference in reimbursement level.

To evaluate the effect of Vitamin E on mitoc bond rial function of cold exposed rats male weaning rats were divided randomly into three groups. The group A was supplemented with 30 mg ?-tocopherol and 15?g sodium selenite per 100gm basal diet. The group B and C were fed basal diet on- ly. The group A and B were kept at the cold room (-2?1℃) and the group C kept at room temperature. Liver mitochondria were isolated for measurement of its respiratory function. Succinate was utilized as substrates of oxidative phosphorylation. Respiration rates of state 3 oxygen uptake and therefore ATP synthesis were found to increase with Vitamin E supplemented diet. Significantly less decline of ADP/O ratios and RCR was observed for group A than that of group B. These results suggest that Vitamin E has the effect of maintaining the physiological intactness of mitochondria of the cold exposed rats, and therefore may enhance the metabolic conservation of energy with the consequence of increasing the ability of cold tolerance of the cold exposed animals.

The performance appraisal (PA) system establishment in scientific research institutes on traditional Chi-nese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the management of TCM research work, which can set up both well-defined guidance and favorable appraisal regimen for scientific researchers, so that leads to the accomplishment of the scientific objectives. However, current PA system establishment has fallen seriously behind the real demand in most TCM research institutes. As a result, there is a serious lack of a mature, efficient, standardized, propagable PA system in TCM research field. In this paper, we tried to discuss the current situation and key issues in building modern PA system in TCM research institutes. The PA system development in scientific research institutes on TCM was pointed out. The PA system should be based on existed referenced similar platforms, with full consideration on professional features and Chinese culture. The PA system establishment should be with most science, systematicness, objectivity, and guidance. The PA system should also be established to evaluate the scientific researchers equitably, guide the scientific trend, provide proper institute, and promote scientific research.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of miR-146a on inflammation factors production in C ryptococcus neoformans treated THP-1 cells.Methods Cryptcoo ccus neoformans strains were heat killed .Fluorescence quantitative RTP-CR and ELISA were used to detect the levels of IL -1βand TNF-αin THP-1 cells treated with heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans.In addition, the production of IL-1βand TNF-αwere analyzed before and after Dectin-1or TLR 4 blocked .THP-1 cell lines that were respectively transfected with miR-146 a mimics and inhibitors were constructed and the production of IL-1βand TNF-αin these cell lines were analyzed after interfered with Cryptococcus neoformans.Results With the interference of heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans, the expression of miR-146a was up-regulated in THP-1 cells, but was down-regulated after Dectin-1 or TLR4 blocked.The expressions of IL-1βand TNF-αinduced by heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans were enhanced in miR-146a mimics transfected THP-1 cells, but was inhibi-ted in inhibitors transfected THP-1 cells.Conclusion Heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans could up-regu-late miR-146a expression in THP-1 cells via Dectin-1 and TLR.miR-146a could negatively regulate the ex-pressions of IL-1βand TNF-αinduced by Cryptococcus neoformans.

BACKGROUND: Due to the difference of species, the data of vessel in human are particularly useful for the clinical practice.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the longitudinal residue strain and the relationship between stress and strain of human limb arteries and veins, and explore the influence of different biomechanical properties on the repairs of limb injury.DESIGN: Observational trials.SETTING: Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was carried out in the Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 2005 to September 2006. The specimens were taken from 13 male amputee donors(who treated for accident injury), aged 18 to 30 years. Those tissue samples were used with the approval from the donors and offered by Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS: ①Harvest and preservation of samples: The samples were obtained within 2 hours after death. The vessels were calibrated and harvested without any large branch to avoid the influence on the mechanical property of vessel wall,and then token on major vessels of limbs with Methylene Blue. The distance between the points token on vessel was measured by vernier caliper. The token vessels were cut and taken into Kreb's liquid in ice casement, then were kept into freezer (0-5 ℃). ②Longitudinal stretch ratio measurement: The vessels were taken into Kreb's liquid and the distance between the points token on vessel was measured by vernier caliper. The longitudinal residue strain was expressed by longitudinal stretch ratio. Lab temperature was 20-25 ℃, experiment was finished in 2 hours after sampling.③Stretch test: The vessel cut 1.0 cm was set into the instrument with Kreb's liquid for uniaxial tension test. The change length of each vascular specimen with or without the load and each load was measured three times and was averaged, lab temperature was 20-25 ℃, and experiments were finished in 5 hours after sampling. The curve of stress-strain was fitted by the measured data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Longitudinal stretching ratio, residue strain and stress-strain relationship of normal limb arteries and veins.RESULTS: The longitudinal stretch ratio of each artery decreased along vascular branch from proximal heart part to distal heart part, and that of each vein was contrast; There were significant difference in the longitudinal stretch ratios of major artery compared with those of saphena megna vein and branchiocephalicae vein (P ＜ 0.001). The curve of artery shifting right showed the stiffness of vessels decreased along vascular branch from proximal heart part to distal heart part. That of vein shifting left showed the stiffness of vessels increased along vascular branch.CONCLUSION: With the major artery of human limbs from proximal end to distal end, both the longitudinal residue strain and the vascular stiffness gradually decreases, as for the vein, the condition is contrast. It suggests that the longitudinal biomechanical property should be involved into the consideration of repairing the artery and vein injuries of different sites.

Objective To study the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells immunosupression lym- phocyte proliferation via B7-H1/PD-1 pathway upregnlated by IFN-γ. Methods Bone marrow derived mes-enchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated and purified by repeat adherent passage and detected them multi-potential differentiation in conditioned culture medium. Then MSC were cocuhured with lymphocyte prolifera-tion and assayed the level using γ H-thymidine incorporation. Meanwhile, ELISA measured IFN-γ, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-10 in the cocuhured supernaatant and analyzed variation of B7-H1 molecular profile in MSC by flow cytometry. At last siRNA technology was deploied to interfere B7-H1 expression and analyzed MSC im-munosuppression on lymphocyte proliferation. Results In vitro the isolated MSC become homogeneous spi-die-shaped adherent cells after five passages, and in conditioned culture medium they could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. In the eocuhure of MSC with mixed lymphocyte, lymphocyte prolif- eration stimulated by Con A or by anti-CD3/CD28 antibody. The cpm value of the proliferation detected by 3H thymidine incorporation showed MSC suppressed the proliferation significantly (P = 0. 0167, 0. 0081,<0.0001 ) and the suppressive potential in a dose-dependent fashion. In the coeuhured supernatant cyto-kine IFN-T and TNF-α were detected in high concentration, but TGF-β, IL-10 were undetected. Simultane- ously MSC in the coeuhure upregulated B7-H1 expression from basic expression 7% to higher than 70% ( P < 0.05 ). After interfere B7-H1 expression in MSC by specific siRNA, we detected lymphocyte proliferation and got higher cpm by 3H thymidine incorporation ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion MSC upregulated B7-H1 mo-lecular expression upon the stimuli of IFN-γ, and through the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway mediated immunosu-pression on lymphocyte proliferation.

Objective:To investigate the features, diagnostic value and clinical significance of prenatal ultrasound for umbilical cord ulcer (UCU).Methods:Ultrasonographic characteristics of three fetuses with UCU diagnosed at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2014 to June 2020 were reviewed. Relevant articles published from January 1, 1990, to June 1, 2020, were retrieved from Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases and analyzed. Likelihood ratio, adjusted Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the association between the pathological results and fetal outcomes. Results:(1) Among the three fetuses with UCU, two were complicated by upper gastrointestinal obstruction and one by intrauterine infection. Two of them survived and one died after birth. Prenatal ultrasound examination of the umbilical cord and amniotic cavity showed one case was normal, while the other two showing features such as flocculent hypoechoic sign around the umbilical cord, cloudy hyperechoic sign ejecting from the umbilical cord lesion in dynamic observation, exposed umbilical vessels and ribbon-like echo around the umbilical cord. (2) No reported case of UCU had been found in any publications in China. A total of 39 reported cases of UCU complicated by duodenal or jejunal obstruction were retrieved from English literature, among which intrauterine fetal death, neonatal death and live births accounted for 30.8% (12/39), 28.2% (11/39) and 41.0% (16/39), respectively. Six cases with intrauterine abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound survived after emergent cesarean section, showing a positive detection rate of 15.4% (6/39), of which three obtained a snapshot of umbilical cord bleeding and three were characterized by lamellar and linear echoes around the amniotic cavity or umbilical cord. Hemorrhagic amniotic fluid was observed in 66.7% (26/39) of the fetuses and decreased heart rate occurred in 35.9%(14/39). The site, number and pathological grade of UCU were not related to the pregnancy outcomes (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Prenatal ultrasound for detecting abnormalities in umbilical cord and amniotic cavity is of a certain value in the diagnosis of UCU. Lamellar and linear echoes around the umbilical cord may be the ultrasonographic characteristics of UCU. The real-time detection of UCU bleeding by prenatal ultrasound can provide direct evidence for timely clinical treatment.