With the exploitation of marine resources and environmental deterioration, perilous events in the sea are gradually increasing. Seawater drowning is one of the most important causes of death. Researches on seawater drowning have attracted more and more interests in recent years, and certain progresses have been achieved in scientific research and clinical treatment. In the aspects of theory and establishment of a model, a renewed concept of seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury (SWD-ALI) has been acquired, the animal model of SWD-ALI has been successfully reprodaced for elucidation of the pathological and pathophysiological changes in lung tissue. Multiple results of molecular biological research on SWD-ALI have contributed to illuminating the pathogenesis involved. It is indicated that, compared with freshwater-induced lung injuries, SWD-ALI is severer in clinical picture, and it might develop to a peculiar seawater drowning-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (SWD-ARDS) if no prompt and effective treatment is employed. For the clinical treatment for SWD-ALI, comprehensive therapies based on mechanical ventilation have been approved. The scientific outcomes mentioned above have laid a foundation for the full realization of SWD-ALI and more effective rescue of SWD-ALI patients.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of CDE in moyamoya disease.Methods The intra-and-extracranial arteries in 17 patients with moyamoya disease and 25 healthy volunteers were studies by CDE.The resistance index(RI),pulsatility index(PI),time-averaged flow velocity(Vm)were examined in arteries,including MCA、MCA、ACA、PCA、CCA、ICA、ECA and TSA.Results ①The diagnosis rate of the occlusion or stenosis in intracranial arteries was 87.25%.②The hemodynamic characteristics of CCA and ICA were high flow velocky and low resistance opposite to that of TSA.③The moyamoya vessels were seaned in 10 of all 17 patients with moyamoya disease by CDE.The diagnosis rate of moyamoya disease was 58.82%.Conclusions CDE technique could image the moyamoya vessels as scattered color dots. So CDE had a higher clinic value in diagnosis of moyamoya disease.

Objective To observe the effect of partial liquid ventilation (PLV) and conventional mechanical ventilation(CMV) on gas exchange in lung injury due to pulmonary edema as a result of seawater drowning in rabbit. Methods Twenty-four healthy male new Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups ( n =8). Pulmonary edema was produced in all rabbits by drowning in sea water. Rabbits of PE group received no treatment,that of CMV group were treated with conventional mechanical ventilation and PEEP,and that of PLV group with CMV,combined with PEEP and FDC. All rabbits were treated for 3 hours. Blood gases,TNF-?in plasma and pulmonary histopathology were determined during the experiment. Results In PLV group,PaO_2 was increased obviously,inflammatory exudate was reduced,and alveolar and interstitial edema was alleviated. The plasma level of TNF-?was significantly lower in PLA group compared with PE group,( P

Objective To explore the difference of invovling rate in intracranial arteries and hemodynamics in extracranial arteries between child group and adult group moyamoya disease.Methods In order to differentiate the child and adult group moyamoya disease,the hemodynamic parameters such as pulse index(PI), resistance index(RI), mean velocity(Vm),systolic velocity/distolic velocity(S/D) were studied by ultrasound and the involving rate of intercranial arteries were studied by digital subtraction angiography.Results ① The involving rate of posterior cerebral artery(PCA) in child group was signifiicantly higher than that in adult group,but no difference in middle cerbral artery(MCA) and anterior cerebral artery(ACA); ② The mean flow velocity of vertebra artery(VA) were significantly reduced but RI,PI,S/D increased in child group than that in adult group moyamoya disease.No difference existed in other extracranial arteries.Conclusions The difference of extracranial arteries hemodynamics owes to the difference of intracranial artery involving rate.

Objective Through transmission electron microsco pe to observe the ultrastructural changes in external iliac arteries of hyperhomocysteinemia rabbits with endothelial dysfunction.Methods Eighteen rabbits were randomized into two groups (n=9 per group).Control group (N group) was poured water into stomach,Methionine group (M group) were poured L-methionine ( 5.0 g/kg weight) into stomach.Endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD),endothelium-independent dilation (EID) were examined by high resolution ultrasound at 0,4,8,12,24 h,at same time and external iliac arteries were observed by transmission electron microscope after 24 h.Results ① In acute hyperhomocysteinemia,EDD of external iliac artery in M group was time-dependent reduced more significantly than that in N group,but EID was not affected. ② Under transmission electron microscope,external iliac arteries of rabbits showed endothelial cells dropping,mitochondrion swelling in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells,internal elastic lamina disruption,migration of smooth muscle cell to subendothelial space.Conclusions In hyperhomocysteinemia,homocysteine could lead to endothelial dysfunction in rabbits and ultrastructural damage of endothelial cells,smooth muscle cells and internal elastic lamina.High resolution ultrasound could find the endothelial dysfunction accurately.

Objective To analyze the flow spectra of in ternal jugular vein (IJV) in healthy adults by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. Methods IJV flow velocities in 120 healthy volunteers were recorded during cardiac and respiratory cycles respectively with the transducer placed in cervical region view. Results In healthy subjects, IJV waveforms were composed of one reverse wave A and two forward waves S and D during cardiac cycle. The flow velocities of wave S [( 27.17 ? 19.88 )cm/s vs ( 19.04 ? 14.26 )cm/s] and wave D [( 17.43 ? 12.78 )cm/s vs ( 12.70 ? 10.57 )cm/s] were quicker during inspiration than those during expiration (P 0.05 ]. The velocities of wave S and wave D in the group aged over sixty years old were lower than those in the group aged between 20-60 years old(P

ObjectiveTo observe and quantify the effec ts of respiration on hemodynamics in patients with pericardial effusion (PE) and to verify our new proposed hypothesis about the mechanism of respiratory effects on cardiac function from clinical point of view. MethodsPulsed-wave Doppler spectra of the four cardiac valves were recorded with Acuson Sequoia 512 and 128 XP/10 in 10 patients with PE and 18 healthy control subjects with no apparent cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities. Electrocardiogram and respiratory tracing by a nasal thermistor were recorded simultaneously with the echocardiograms. The blood flow velocities of each valve during inspiration and expiration were averaged separately and those were again averaged for 5 consecutive respiratory cycles, and the respiratory variation indices (RVI) were calculated both in the patients and the control groups. ResultsThe peak E velocity across the mitral valve and that across the aortic valve significantly increased during expiration and decreased during inspiration, while that across the tricuspid valve and that across the pulmonary valve increased remarkably during inspiration and decreased during expiration in all of the subjects. The RVI of the velocities across the mitral and the aortic valves increased significantly in the patients with PE compared with the control subjects [MV: ( 14.57 ? 7.89 )% vs ( 9.71 ? 3.39 )%, P

0.05). Conclusions Ultrasound contrast agent Levovist improves signal of blood flow obviously. It increases the diagnostic accuracy for intracranial aneurysms and the level of confidence.

Objective To investigate the influence of simulated heart motion on the Doppler spectrum velocity- time integral (VTI) of simulated blood flow measurements through an in vitro model. Methods Using heart-motion simulator model TD-3 designed by ourselves to note the feature of Doppler spectrum of simulated heart and simulated blood flow which moved separately and synchronously.The affection of the simulated heart's motion on the VTI of the simulated blood flow and their quantitative relationship were observed.Results When the simulated heart and blood flow moved synchronously, the VTI of the combined motion was the algebra sum of their VTI when their motion independently. The velocity and frequency of Doppler spectrum of simulated heart were unchanged. Conclusions The motion of simulated heart has a great influence on the value of Doppler blood flow spectrum VTI and this effect should be considered when blood flow volume was measured using Doppler's methods.