Objective To understand the changes of the coverage of medical insurance and the utilization of medical services from 2000 to 2009.Methods The data on medical insurance and utilization of medical services were obtained from China Nutrition Panel Survey conducted by University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill.The trend of medical insurance and use of preventative medical services were examined.And a Logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between some social economic status and the enrollment of medical insurance and use of medical services.Results The coverage of medical insurance expanded dramatically from 20％ in 2000 to 89％ in 2009.The rural population experienced higher expansion.The gap between rural and urban populations in terms of insurance coverage was closed.The use of preventive services remained low in both rural and urban populations,with 3.72％ and 4.62％ respectively.Conclusions Both coverage of medical insurance and use of prevention medical services imoroved from 2000 to 2009,which has provided solid foundation for further reforms.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of 3-hydroxybutyrate derivate( methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate)on the apoptosis of PC12 induced by FBS deficiency. Methods Methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate were prepared by chemical degradation. PC12 cells were divided into different groups:medium with FBS as negative control,medium without FBS as positive control,medium with different concentrations of methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate or ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate without FBS as sample groups. The shape and viability of cells in each group were analyzed by optical microscope and MTT. Results Compared with the negative control,cells in the positive control group demonstrated a large number of apoptosis,smaller and thinner morphology,and lower activity. However,the activity of cells was improved in the sample groups.Low concentration(0. 01 and 0. 001 mg·mL-1)of methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate showed a protective effect on cell apoptosis,and 1 mg · mL-1 had the best protection effect. Conclusion High purity methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate can be produced by chemical method,and both chemicals present good effect on protecting the PC12 from apoptosis.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of minimally invasive extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth.Methods :35 cases of impacted supernumerary teeth were included.Excluding extraction contraindications,preoperative X-ray or dental CT examina-tion was executed to find out the location of the impacted teeth and adjacent anatomical structures.According to the location,operation approach was selected to extract the impacted supernumerary teeth using minimally invasive apparatus.Intraoperative and postoperative feeling of the patients and the complications were recorded.Results:Operation time lasted from 1 0 to 40 minutes,average 1 5 minutes. All patients maintained good comfort in the operation.8.6% patients had postoperative adverse reactions such as mild pain and discom-fort.None had serious reactions.Conclusion:Minimally invasive extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth has less complication and less uncomfort.

ObjectiveTo determine the normal values of the Comprehensive Function Assessment for Disabled Children. Methods60 healthy children ranged from 2 to 7 years old were evaluated with by the professional doctors. ResultsThe children ranged from 4 to 7 years old get scores above 90. The children ranged from 3 to 4 years old get scores above 80.The children ranged from 2 to 3 years old get scores above 60. Conclusions The Comprehensive Function Assessment for Disabled Children can evaluate the childrens develop ment entirely,detailedly and objectively. The normal values can be used to evaluate the children's function and the curative effect.

Objective To evaluate the value of postoperative prophylactic radiotherapy for N0 e-sophageal squamous carcinoma. Methods From January 1993 to December 2006,859 patients with patho-logically staged N0 and M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. Among them, 760 received surgery alone, and 99 received surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Radiotherapy started within 3 to 4 weeks after surgery. The median total dose was 50 Gy(2 Gy/F,5 F/w). Results In surgery alone group and postoperative radiotherapy group,the 5-yeur overall survival rotes were 72.2% vs 77.4% (X2 =0. 13,P >0.05) for all patients,34.6% vs67.1% (X2 =7.72,P <0.05) forpT4 disease,and 70.2% vs 81.3% (X2 =4.01 ,P <0.05) for tumor length >5 cm. Postoperative radiotherapy could lower the recurrence rate for pT4 patients. Conclusions For patients with NO esophageal squamous carcinoma, postoperative radiotherapy can significantly improve the survival for pT4 and tumor length > 5 cm,and also re-duce the recurrence for pT4 patients.

OBJECTIVE:To study curative effect of the combination of cyclosporine A,mycophenolate mofetil,anti-thymocyte globulin,interleukin-11 and short-term methotrexate as acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD) prophylaxis on HLA-matched unrelated donor or HLA-mismatched related donor allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(Allo-PBSCT).METHODS:Thirteen patients with haematological malignancies who underwent HLA-matched unrelated donor or HLA-mismatched related donor Allo-PBSCT with the combination of cyclosporine A as aGVHD prophylaxis at Haikou Municipal People's Hospital from September to November 2008 were selected,including 7 of unrelated donor,3 of haplotype transplantation,and 3 of 1-locus mismatched.The conditioning regimen was performed at 7 days prior to transplantation,with cyclosporine A 5-10 mg/(kg?d),12 hours per time with twice per day.From day 7 prior to transplantation,mycophenolic acid was intravenous drip once per day,then 2.5 mg/(kg?d) antithymocyte globulin at days 5-2 prior to transplantation,1.5 mg/d interleukin 11 was subcutaneous injected at day 2 prior to and 10 days after transplantation,followed by intravenous drip 15 mg/m2 amethopterin at day 1 and 10 mg/m2 at days 3,6,11 after transplantation.The drug doge was reduced and stopped gradually after 3-6 months,which could be prolonged for haplotype grafter.Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was injected subcutaneously at day 3 prior to transplantation,and PBSCT was collected at days 4 and 5 after medication,which was infused to patients with subclavian vein at the same day.In total(7.82-9.11)?108/kg mononuclearcell and(2.9-7.7)?106/kg CD34+ cells were infused.RESULTS:Hematopoiesis was rebuilt in all patients with 46.15%(6/13) aGVHD incidence rate,including 8 %(1/13) of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD.Up to April of 2009,all patients live and work as normal except one patient who can not visit public places.CONCLUSION:The combination of cyclosporine A,mycophenolate mofetil,anti-thymocyte globulin,interleukin-11 and short-term methotrexate is effective in the prevention of aGVHD.

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation of Pinellia ternata agglutinin (PTA) and toxicity of P. ternata raphides and to find out the toxic mechanism of P. ternata.

METHODPTA has obvious effect of pro-inflammation. The model of rats peritonitis was used to study the dose-toxicity and time-toxicity relationship of the effect by detecting the releases of inflammatory mediators PGE2 in the exudates. The model of Draize rabbit eye test was applied to determine the correlation of PTA and toxicity of raphides by pathological examination.

RESULTPTA enhanced the content of PGE2 and protein in rats peritoneal cavities concentration dependently. With PTA concentration increased, PTA enhanced the inflammation induced by raphides to rabbit eyes, but PTA alone had no toxicity response.

CONCLUSIONPTA had obvious effect of pro-inflammation. The toxic mechanism of P. ternata was PTA induced inflammation only when the raphides pierce into the organization.

Agglutinins ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Animals ; Eye ; drug effects ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; Male ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To discuss the application effect of risk management in the improvement of self-efficacy level of elderly stroke patients.Methods A total of 186 stroke patients in our hospital were divided into control group (93 cases) and observation group (93 cases),the patients in control group were given routine nursing care,while the patients in observation group were given risk management based on routine nursing.The fall prevention awareness rate,fall status and satisfaction of the patients in two groups were compared.Results Prevention awareness knowledge and self-efficacy level of the patients in the observation group were higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05);Fall rate in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05);And the satisfaction of patients' family in observation group was higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Risk management can effectively improve awareness rate of fall knowledge and the level of self-efficacy,reduce the incidence of falls in hospital,and improve nursing satisfaction of patients and their families,so it is worthy of promotion in clinical application.

Objective To study the regulation of microRNA - 22(miR - 22)on glycometabolism of hemato-poietic stem cell TF - 1 and its molecular mechanism. Methods TF - 1 cells were cultured for 2 h under hypoxic con-ditions. The expression levels of Glut4 and miR - 22 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT - PCR). The sgRNA vector of the miR - 22 gene was constructed and miR - 22 gene of TK - 1 cells was knocked out by the CRISPR/ Cas9 technique. Overexpression vectors were constructed,and miR - 22 knocked - out cells were introduced to overexpress miR - 22,the expression of miR - 22 was detected by qRT - PCR and the expression levels of Glut4 and PPAR - γ were detected by qRT - PCR and Western blot. Results Compared with the control group,the expression of miR - 22 in TF - 1 cells decreased (0. 015 ± 0. 000 vs. 0. 056 ± 0. 001)and the expression of Glut4 (0. 351 ± 0. 038 vs. 0. 152 ± 0. 005)and PPAR - γ (0. 421 ± 0. 017 vs. 0. 248 ± 0. 008)increased,when TF - 1 cells were cultured for 2 h under hypoxic conditions,and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group,the expression levels of Glut4 (0. 019 ± 0. 00 vs. 0. 008 ± 0. 000)and PPAR - γ (0. 038 ± 0. 001 vs. 0. 019 ± 0. 000)were significantly increased after miR - 22 gene silencing,and they were significantly decreased (Glut4:0. 005 ± 0. 000 vs. 0. 008 ± 0. 000;PPAR - γ:0. 137 ± 0. 000 vs. 0. 019 ± 0. 000)after overexpression of miR - 22,and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0. 05). Conclusions It suggests that miR - 22 ex-erts a negative regulation on glycometabolism of hematopoietic stem cell TF - 1 by downregulating the expression of PPAR - γ. A new regulatory factor of TF - 1 glycometabolism and the mechanisms are identified,which has provided new ideas for the targeted medication of diseases induced by hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction.

OBJECTIVETo study and compare the changes of toxicity of Euphorbia pekinensis, E. kansui and E. ebracteolata before and after being prepared by vinegar.

METHODSmall intestinal accentuation of mice and peritoneal macrophage NO release experiments were assessed to investigate the changes of toxicity of the three Chinese Medicines of Euphorbia before and after being prepared.

RESULTE. pekinensis, E. kansui and E. ebracteolata and vinegar can obviously promot small intestinal accentuation and peritoneal macrophage NO release with the intensity of toxicity in the order of E. kansui > E. pekinensis > E. ebracteolata. After being prepared with vinegar, the toxicity of the three medicines decreased obviously compared to crude one.

CONCLUSIONE. pekinensis, E. kansui and E. ebracteolata can induce inflammation and accelerate enterokinesis. After being prepared with vinegar, the irritation on Euphorbia decreased obviously.

Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Female ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests