Italian medical imaging education includes two parts: training for radiologists and for radiologic technologists. To be a radiologist, the six-year medical students after graduation must complete specialty training in radiology and pass the examination. Radiologic technologists are selected from the three-year bachelor graduates of medical imaging technology. There are basic medical science courses, cultural practice and clinical practice in medical college every year. Continuing medical imag-ing education includes lectures, case discussions and other forms. Radiologists are required to master all kinds of imaging techniques, working as clinical rotation in every section of medical imaging depart-ment. Patients need to make an appointment before having the medical imaging examination. Through the analysis of the characteristics of Italian medical imaging teaching and clinical patterns, the author puts forward the suggestion of putting emphasis on medical imaging curriculum reform, the full imple-mentation of the early clinical contact, and at the same time improving the professional medical image training mode to improve the radiologists' clinical ability.

Objective To observe the effects ofLinggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction on contents of cAMP, cAMP dependent PKA and AQP5 of model rats with clod phlegm-fluid lying latent in the lung asthma;To discuss its mechanism.Methods Ovalbumin intraperitoneal injection and atomization motivation + cold stimulation were used to establish models. Ninety rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, hexadecadrol group, andLinggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction low-, medium-, high-dose groups. All administration groups were treated with relevant medicine. The levels of cAMP, PKA, and AQP5 were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the blank control group, the levels of cAMP, PKA, and AQP5 of rats in model group decreased obviously (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of cAMP, PKA, and AQP5 of rats in all administration groups increased (P<0.05), which increased dramatically inLinggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction high-dose group.ConclusionLinggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction can regulate the normal secretion of cAMP, PKA, and AQP5 in serum of rats with clod phlegm-fluid lying latent in the lung asthma, increase secretion of air passage liquid and decrease mucoprotein concentration, through which plays the role of treating asthma.

Objective To explore the features of echocardiographic partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) with intact interatrial septum. Methods Three patients with intact interatrial septum of PAPVC were examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using HP Sonos 5500 color Doppler machine. Imaging was performed at a frequency of 2～4 MHz, or 12 MHz. Results Accuracy of the diagnosis by TTE was 100 %. The patients had isolated PAPVC. The connection site was the coronary sinus in two, right atrium in one. There was a single anomalous connection vein in one patient, two in the others. Apparent right heart dilation was found in all the patients. Conclusion Unexplained right heart volume overload that was examined by TTE should have a high-degree suspicion for PAPVC. The origin site of pulmonary veins and their flow should be examined routinely. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and TTE are complementary in the diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the development of early myocardial perfusion with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) combined with dipyridamole stress echocardiography in diabetic rats . Methods The diabetes mellitus (DM) group comprised 40 male diabetic rats ,induced with streptozotocin . The control group comprised 40 normal male rats ,comparable body weights with the DM group .The DM group was divided into four subgroups (0 week ,2 weeks ,4 weeks and 8 weeks after diabetic model established) and the control group was also divided into four subgroups matched with the DM group .Each rat was performed with conventional echocardiography ,MCE at baseline and after dipyridamole stress .The reserve parameters were compared between the control group and the DM group .In addition ,the differences among four subgroups in the control group and the DM group were compared ,respectively .Results MCE demonstrated that the 4 weeks and 8 weeks DM subgroup had lower myocardial blood velocity reserve and myocardial blood flow reserve than the control subgroup .The myocardial blood volume reserve was reduced in the 8 weeks DM subgroup ,too .Conclusions The impairment of myocardial perfusion in the DM rats are detected earlier with the MCE combined with dipyridamole stress .

Objective To determine which parameters of reverse remodeling of left ventricular could become the effective indexes in evaluating the short-term therapeutic effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)in heart failure(HF)patients.Methods CRT was performed in 26 HF patients with dysfunctions of wall motion.Serial echocardiography was practiced at baseline,one and three months after CRT.The parameters including left atrial end-diastolic diameter(LADD),left ventrieular end-diastolic diameter(LVDD),end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),end-systolic volume(LVESV),ejection fraction(LVEF)were measured and compared before and after CRT therapy.Results At one and three months after CRT,respectively,CRT was associated with reduced LADD,LVDD,LVEDV,LVESV and improved LVEF and filling time compared with those at baseline.Moreover,all these parameters had better correlations with the activities of these patients.Conclusions LADD,LVDD,LVEDV,LVESV and LVEF could become the effective indexes in evaluating the short-term effect of CRT in HF patients.The reduced diameters and volumes of left atria and left ventricle are more sensitive parameters than the improved LVEF.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of wave intensity (WI) technique in assessing the short-term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT). Methods Sixteen patients with congestive heart failure treated with CRT were chosen. Before the implantation of CRT pacemaker and 1 week, 1 month,3 month after it,the diameters and volumes of left ventricle(LV) in the end-diastole and the end-systole were measured by echocardiography. LV ejection fractions(LVEF) were calculated by Simpson's way,and the variation ratio of left ventricular end-systolic volume(△ESV) was assessed each time after the CRT. The maximal rate of LV pressure rise (LVdP/dtmax) was assessed in the continuous-wave Doppler spectrum of mitral regurgitation. The magnitude of W1, and the length of R-W1 interval as well as W1-W2interval were recorded by WI technique applied on the left carotid artery of each patient. Results Compared to the data before CRT,W1 and W1-W2 interval were significantly higher in different period after CRT (P ＜0. 01). This result was conformed with echocardiographic remodeling data and LV systolic function.Conclusions WI provides a potential usage in conveniently and effectively assessing the CRT effects in short-term.

Objective To explore the differences and similarities of the cervical lesions and mechanism between Asian variant E6 T178G and European variant E6 T350G, A442C and other variants. Methods We selected 300 clinic or hospitalized patients in our hospital during the period of May 2011 to October 2012. Cervical exfoliated cells were harvested by Thinprep cytologic test (TCT). A PCR sequencing assay was performed to detect HPV16 E2, E6 and E7 gene variants. One year later, the test was repeated. The patients with persistent infection underwent cervical biopsy by colposcopy for pathological examination. SP immunohistochemical method was applied to detect E7 protein expression level in all the patients. Results After one year, of 292 patients who were successfully sequenced, 259 were chronic cervicitis, 32 were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (CINI), and one was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II (CINII). E7 protein expressed in each variant. But the expression of E7 protein in patients with different variant infection had no significant difference from each other. Conclusions E7 protein may be play a role in the early stages of HPV16?induced cervical lesions. But E7 protein may not be a reference index of the different carcinogenic mechanism between different HPV16 variants.

Objective To observe the effects ofXiangsha Liujunzi Decoction (XSLJZ) on levels and mRNA of IL-6, IL-10 and protein expression of HSP70 of gastric mucosa in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rats with spleen-stomach deficiency; To discuss its mechanism.Methods Rats were divided into 2 groups through random number table: normal group and model group. The model of CAG rat with spleen-stomach deficiency type was induced by synthetic methods. After successful modeling, rats were divided into model group, positive control group, XSLJZ high-, medium-, low-dose group. Rats in normal and model group received distilled water 10 mL/(kg?d) for gavage; XSLJZ high-, medium-, low-dose group received XSLJZ 24, 12, 6 g/(kg?d), respectively; positive control group received mycin 0.30 g/(kg?d) for gavage for 120 consecutive days. Generally living conditions, levels and mRNA of IL-6, IL-10 and protein expression of HSP70 in gastric mucosa tissue were detected by protein immunoblotting.Results Compared with the normal group, generally living conditions of rats in the model group were poor; mRNA and the content of IL-6 increased significantly, and mRNA and the content of IL-10 decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01); mRNA and protein expression of HSP70 in gastric tissues was much lower than that of normal group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with model group, generally living conditions of rats in the XSLJZ high-dose groups were improved significantly; mRNA and the content of IL-6 decreased significantly, and mRNA and the content of IL-10 increased significantly (P<0.05); XSLJZ high-, medium-dose groups mRNA and protein expression of HSP70 in gastric tissues increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion XSLJZ has protective effects on gastric mucosa of CAG rats with spleen-stomach deficiency.

Objective To assess the myocardial function with early insulin treatment by velocity vector imaging (VVI) combined with dipyridamole stress in diabetic rats.Methods The 30 rats comprised 20 diabetic rats and 10 normal rats in the study.The 20 diabetic rats were divided into the diabetes mellitus(DM) group and the treatment group.Every rat in the treatment group was hypodermic injected with protamime biosynthetic human insulin after the diabetic model established.The control group was including 10 normal rats of the same age.After 8 weeks,each rat was performed with VVI at baseline and after dipyridamole stress.Results At baseline VVI,the parameters in the DM and the treatment groups were reduced compared with those in the control group.The systolic velocity,circumferential strain,systolic and diastolic circumferential strain rate in the treatment group were increased significantly compared with those in the DM group.After stress,the VVI reserve parameters in the treatment group were higher than those in the DM group.Conclusions The myocardial function are improved with early insulin treatment in the diabetic rats.

Objective To evaluate left ventricular function of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients who underwent autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) transplantation with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Methods Forty-eight male patients with AMI were divided into experimental group and control group (each n=24). PCI was performed within 24 hours after attach. Patients in experimental group received autologous BMMNC transplantation 7-14 days after PCI. Conventional echocardiography and TDI were performed before and 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), peak systolic (S_a, S_m), early diastolic (E_a, E_m) and late diastolic (A_a, A_m) mitral velocities and regional myocardial velocities were obtained with conventional echocardiography or TDI, and compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference of each index between two groups before operation. Compared with the control group, S_a, S_m, E_m, E_a/A_a and Em/Am improved significantly in experimental group at each follow-up time point; LVEF and E_a were significantly higher than those of control group 3 and 6 months after treatment. Conclusion Combination of PCI and autologous BMMNC transplantation is more helpful to improve regional and global cardiac systolic and diastolic function after myocardial infarction, which can be quantitatively evaluated with TDI.