Objective To investigate the effects of pre-ischemic administration of L-NAME on brain protective effects of simvastatin against focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods ① Animals were subjected to transient 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)with the use of the intraluminal filament method previously described by Zea Longa. ② 54 male rats were treated with simvastatin or vehicle by gavage two weeks before MCAO, and L-NAME was injected into laterar ventricle of rats 45 minutes before MCAO. After neurological deficit was assessed at 22 hours of reperfusion, rats were killed, and the brains were rapidly removed. The coronal sections of the brains were prepared and stained with 2% TTC, and the infarct volumes were determined. Another 54 male rats were performed as description above except that the brain tissues were made into homogenate at 22 hours of reperfusion, and the contents of lactic acid(LA) and MDA, and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the brain tissues were also measured. Results Administration of simvastatin significantly reduced the size of brain infarct, improved neurological deficits, decreased the contents of LA and MDA and increased the activities of SOD, but L-NAME could abrogate these effects. Conclutions L-NAME could abrogate the protection of simvastatin against ischemic/reperfusion injury,which may be by inhibiting the expression and activity of endothelial NO synthase(eNOS) up-regulated by simvastatin.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of transvaginal hysterectomy(TVH) and laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy(LAVH).Methods The study retrospectively analyzed 75 cases of TVH(TVH Group) and 69 cases of LAVH(LAVH Group) from January 2004 to October 2004.All the patients were diagnosed as having benign uterine diseases,without uterine prolapse and less than 20 gestational weeks.Results Compared with the LAVH Group,the TVH Group had a shorter operative time(83.6?19.4 min vs 133.7?48.1 min;t=-8.317,P=0.000),less blood loss(116.4?55.3 ml vs 186.1?292.1 ml;t=-2.028,P=0.000),and lower total cost of operation(4733.27?577.81 yuan vs 7471.30?1042.17 yuan;t=(-19.702),P=0.000).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pyrexia between the TVH Group(4.0%,(3/75)) and the LAVH Group(8.7%,6/69)(?~2=0.670,P=0.413).Conclusions As compared with laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy,transvaginal hysterectomy has shorter operative time,less blood loss,and lower cost of operation.

The three-dimensional organization and anastomoses of lymphatics in the rabbit stomach were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy of lymphatic corrosion casts. Casting medium is the diluted low viscosity Mercox used for intraparenchymatous injection into the mucosal, submucosal, muscular and serous layers of the stomach. The lymphatic capillaries with blind ends were found in the deep mucosa and the lymphatic capillary networks and lymphatic plexus were observed in all the submucosal, muscular and serous layers. The distinct imprints which correspond to the bicuspid valves of lymphatics and the oval or fusiform impressions of the endothelial nuclei were seen on the casts.

Objective:To develop a mental status scale in non psychiatric settings (MSSNS) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the common negative emotions in non psychiatric settings confirmed by nursing specialists and international scales, the MSSNS was constructed with psychological testing and statistical techniques. The reliability and validity were examined with 1 010 patients in non psychiatric settings.Results: The MSSNS consisted of 38 items. The reliability coefficients were 0.932 9 for internal consistence(Cronbach ?) and 0.894 0 for split half. Using the principle component analysis with varimax rotation, we got 4 factors: anxiety, depression, anger and loneliness. The correlation between MSSNS and related factors of HAD were 0.652 and 0.533 respectively. Conclusion: With its good reliability and validity, MSSNS is an ideal rating scale for total and convenient rating of patients' mental status in non psychiatric settings.

Objective To explore the effect of cognitive-behavioral method on healthy behavior selection of in-patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods All patients with type 2 diabetes involved in this study were divided into the experimental group(99 patients) and the control group(96 patients). The experimental group was given health education with cognitive behavioral method, and the control group received only common health education. The comparison on the knowledge about diabetes mellitus and indicators of glucose metabolism on the first and 6th months between the two groups was performed. Results The knowledge about diabetes mellitus and indicators of glucose metabolism on the first and 6th months in the experimental group were better than those in the control group. Conclusions Cognitive-behavioral method can increase the treatment compliance of in-patients with type 2 diabetes and improve the glucose metabolism indicators, and created favorable condition for prevention of diabetes complications.

According to the course characteristics and teaching outline of medical psychology,problem-based learning (PBL) case about somatoform disorders was compiled based on a typical clinical real case.The PBL case covered a wide range of topics such as basic medicine,clinical medicine and medical psychology.Just as clinical treatment process,teachers gave information and put forward the corresponding questions in successive steps.By self-study and group discussion,students learned knowledge about anxiety,somatoform disorders,therapeutic relationship,sociocultural factors and individual personality.The course survey showed that PBL teaching was appreciated by medical students.The PBL model can improve learning interest and self-study ability,promote the connection of different subjects and combine theory and practice.The PBL model is useful for improving the quality of medical psychology teaching.

Objective To assess and review the methods of the reversed posterior interosseous artery flap for treating the contracture of the first web space. Methods Forty-two cases of the first web space severe contracture were cured by the reversed posterior interosseous artery flap rotate at 1.5-2.0 cm proximal ulnar styloid process after release the adhesion. After operation curative effects were evaluated by measuring the first web space with Gu's method. Results The flap of 42 cases obtain success, however 3 cases was partly necrosis of epidermis. Follow-up examination was obtained in 31 cases for average 18 months after operative.The width of the first web space was augmented an average of 37.9 mm. Rehabilitation training after operation can enhance the effect of the therapy with 8.6 mm more expanded. Conclusion The flap is an ideal choice for treatment on the defect of the contracture of the first web space and rehabilitation training after operation is important.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenz-hen city in 2014 and to analyze the evolutional characteristics of the epidemic dengue virus(DENV)strains in order to provide scientific guidelines for the prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods Descrip-tive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of dengue fever in Shenzhen city in 2014. Immunochromatography and real-time PCR were performed to detect the specific antibodies(IgM and IgG) and DENV nucleic acids in serum samples collected from suspected cases of dengue fever. Serum samples collected from the patients at early stage of dengue fever were used to infect the C6 / 36 cell line for further isolation of DENV strains. The types of isolated DENV strains were determined by using real-time PCR. E genes of the isolated DENV strains were amplified by RT-PCR and then sequenced. DNAStar and Clustslx (1. 83)softwares were used to analyze the homology between DENV strains isolated in Shenzhen and other areas. A phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of E genes of Shenzhen strains and other sequences of DENV reference strains downloaded from GenBank was constructed for further analysis. Results A total of 454 cases of dengue fever were reported in Shenzhen in 2014 with a male to female ratio of 1. 43 ∶ 1. Local patients accounted for 76. 21% and the rest 23. 79% were imported cases mainly from Southeast Asian and surrounding cities. There were 441 cases reported from September to November,accounting for 97. 14% of all reported cases. Most of the infected subjects were aged 20 to 50,accounting for 76. 73% . Of the 270 samples positive for DENV nucleic acids,strains of DENV-1,DENV-2,DENV-3 and DENV-4 accounted for 87. 41% ,8. 89% ,0. 37% and 2. 22% ,respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the DENV-1 strains belonged to two genotypes,which were genotypeⅠ and genotype Ⅴ. The DENV strains of genotypeⅠ were highly similar to the epidemic strain isolated in Shenzhen in 2010 and the genotype Ⅴstrains were first reported in Shenzhen. The homology analysis of the nucleotides of E genes showed that mi-nor differences in the nucleotide sequences were found between DENV-2 strains. All of the DENV-2 strains belonged to the genotype Ⅳ as indicated by the phylogenic tree. Conclusion There were 454 cases of den-gue fever(including both local and imported cases)reported in Shenzhen city in 2014,reaching an all-time high. DENV-1 was the predominant pathogen in combination with an increased infection of DENV-2. This study indicated that the prevalent DENV strains might be imported from Southeast countries and neighboring cities. Further researches should be conducted to analyze whether dengue fever is endemic in Shenzhen City.

Objective To explore the features and neural generators of the events related potentials ( ERP) component N400, elicited by congruent and incongruent ending sentences, in first episode schizophrenia patients. Methods N400 was elicited by 76 congruent (31) or incongruent (45) ending Chinese sentences paradigm, and recorded by WJ-1 ERP instruments in 56 first episode schizophrenia. The neural generators of N400 different wave in 105 -615 ms time windows were analyzed by Brain Electrical Activity Mapping software. Results① The N400 latencies were significantly longer and amplitudes significantly higher in incongruent conditions than in congruent conditions in first episode schizophrenia (P < 0.05 or P <0.01).② N400 elicited by Chinese sentences distributed on frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal regions, and had a clear waveform. ③ The main brain areas activated by N400 were frontal areas in 345 -405 ms time windows, and central areas in 420 - 570 ms time windows. Conclusion N400 elicited by Chinese sentences are multi-generated in first episode schizophrenia, especially in frontal area.

Objective Recent studies have indicated that early brain injury is the leading cause of death in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH) .Our study investigated the role of aminoguanidine ( AG) in early brain injury after SAH . Methods Sixty-eight male SD rats were equally randomized into four groups of equal number :control, sham, SAH, and AG.The animals in the sham group were injected with isotonic saline solution , while those of the latter two groups with femoral artery blood ( FAB) and FAB+AG, respectively, into the pre-chiasmatic cistern to induce SAH. At 24 hours after modeling , all the rats were killed for HE staining , obtainment of behavioral neurological assessment ( BNA ) scores by Garcia, measurement of the apoptosis of neurons by TUNEL , and de-termination of the expressions of the iNOS and NSE proteins by West-ern blot. Results The results of HE staining showed the presence of more red blood cells in the subarachnoid cavity of the rats in the SAH group, with a significantly decreased BNA score ( 14.47 ± 0.62) as compared with those in the control (17.94 ±0.24), sham (17.59 ±0.51), and AG group (15.71 ±0.47) (P<0.05). The rate of positive cells was remarkably higher in the SAH group ([42.38 ±2.38]%) than in the control ([6.35 ±0.94]%), sham ([6.85 ±0.69]%), and AG group ([30.48 ±2.89]%) ( P<0.01), with significant differences among the latter three groups (P<0.05).The expressions of iNOS and NSE were markedly higher in the SAH group ([3.86 ±0.07] and [1.59 ±0.06]) than in the control (0 and[0.35 ±0.09]), sham ([2.96 ±0.34] and [0.38 ±0.08]), and AG group ([3.41 ±0.04] and [0.70 ±0.12]) ( P<0.05).Both the expression levels of iNOS and NSE were positively correlated with the rate of positive cells (r=0 .879 and 0.935, P<0.01). Conclusion AG can alleviate early brain injury after SAH in SD rats by improving the neuro-ethologic function , suppressing the apoptosis of neurons , and reducing the expressions of iNOS and NSE .