Objective To understand the making of laws and regulations for banning smoking in the public places in big cities in China and to provide the reference for making a national code.Methods The methods of literature search and review were employed,as well as questionnaire survey.Results 45.7% of the big cities had the relevant local laws and(or)regulations and 10.4% of the codes were issued by the local People's Congress,1.3% by the other institutions.Definitions used in the local legal and regulatory codes are different.Of the local legal and regulatory codes,17.4% involved four to six types of the public places,68.7% involved seven to eight types and 13.9% involved nine to ten types.Among the codes,8.6% provided that smoke ban inspector should be appointed by the authority in charge,31.9% required the department where smoking is banned to appoint the inspector,58.6% did not request the appointment at all.As for the violating law unit,9.6% of the codes issued a fine of 5-500 Yuan,20.0% issued a fine of 500-1 000 Yuan,10.4% issued a fine of 1 000-2 000 Yuan and 9.6% issued a fine of 2 000-5 000 Yuan.As for the violating law individual,12.1% of the codes issued a 1-5 Yuan fine,22.4% issued a 5-10 Yuan and 10.3% issued a 20-100 Yuan.In 5.8% of the big cities,the codes were revised.Conclusion Up to now,there is no a national law for banning smoking in the public places in China.The effect of the local laws and regulations on banning smoking in the public places is not satisfactory.China still has a long way to go in controlling smoking in the public places compared with the advanced countries.

ObjectiveTo study the clinical effect of treating acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure with Danhong injection.MethodsAccording to random number table,64 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure were divided randomly into 2 groups,with 32 cases in each group.Both groups were given correspondingly conventional symptomatic treatment(including oxygen,anti-inflammatory,antispasmodic,sputum,etc.).On this basis,the treatment group was added Danhong injection 30 ml+5％glucose infusion 250 ml,once a day,continuous therapy for 14 days.ResultsThe total effective rate was 87.50％ and 65.63％ in Danhong injection treatment group and conventional treatment group respectively,showing obvious difference between 2 groups (x2=4.267,P＜0.05).The blood low shear viscosity (7.11 ± 1.60) mPa ? s,high shear viscosity of whole blood (3.30 ± 0.83 ) mPa ? s,plasma viscosity ( 1.28 ± 0.32) mPa ? s,whole blood reduced viscosity ( 16.81 ± 3.32 ) mPa ? s,erythrocyte aggregation index ( 1.26±0.31 ),erythrocyte deformation index (0.64±0.27) in the Danhong injection treatment group all had statistical significance compared to the conventional treatment group(P＜0.05).ConclusionClinical efficacy and safety of Danhong injection in treating acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure were good.

Objective To evaluate the effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and pregnancy ending.Methods 27 cases of HG were treated with TPN and 30 cases with the routine infusion to adjust water electrolyte and acid base balance for the purpose of observation of vomiting stopping,time of turning ketonic negative and pregnancy ending.Results After 3 day treatment with TPN,stopping vomiting rate was 55.6%,time of turning ketonic negative was (3.1?0.84) days and neonatal weight was (3.4?0.38) kg,which was 13.3%,(5.2? 1.06) days and (2.9?0.45) kg respectively in control group.There was significant difference between the two groups (P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined detection of c-reactive protein(CRP)and cystatin C(Cys C) for early renal function impairment in gout patients,and to provide clinical reference.Methods Two hundred cases of gout patients were investigated and divided into experimental group and control group:experimental group patients(n=100)were with early renal function impairment and the control group(n=100)were without early renal impairment.The concentration of CRP and Cys C were detected with turbidimetric immunoassay method by OLYMPUS AU 400 automatic biochemistry analyzer.Results Serum CRP and Cys C concentrations of gout patients with early renal function impairment were significantly higher than those of gout patients without early renal function impairment(P<0.05).In the group of gout patients with early renal function impairment,the positive rate of serum CRP(75%)and Cys C(81%)had no significant difference(P>0.05).The positive rate of combination detection of CRP and Cys C was 92%,which was significantly higher than either CRP or Cys C(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination detec-tion of CRP and Cys C can improve diagnostis of early renal function impairment in gout patients.

s teaching was also significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(97.37% vs.64.71%,P＜0.05).Conclusion Micro-teaching can effectively improve the quality of clinical teaching.

Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death and disability.Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a serious complication of acute ischemic stroke,especially in patients receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy.Identifying patients at high risk of HT is very important for improving stroke outcomes.Some studied have shown that several serum biomarkers can be used to predict HT risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke.This article reviews the serum biomarkers of HT after acute ischemic stroke.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of compound Shenqi soft capsules in the children with functional dyspepsia(FD). Methods:A stratified random,parallel,control and non-blind design was used,and the children with FD were randomly divided into groups after stratified by age. The children in the trial group were given compound Shenqi soft capsules,one capsule for the children with age under three and two capsules for the children with age over three,tid. The control group was treated with compound Shenqi granules,half a bag for the children with age under three and 1 bag for the children with age over three,tid. The treatment course was one month. The two groups were compared by the symptoms of bellyache,abdominal distension,early satiety,belching and nausea. The electrogastrogram was analyzed in two groups. Results:Compound Shenqi soft capsules could improve the symptoms of ballyache,abdominal distension,early satiety,belching and nausea obviously,increase normal rhythm and reduce bradygastria obviously,and there were significant differences compared with those before the treatment(P < 0. 05). The trial group was better than the control group in the improvement of ballyache,abdominal ditension,early satiety and bradygastria,and the difference was significant(P < 0. 05). The total effective rate of the trial group was 91. 9% ,while that of the control group was 78. 3% ,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0. 05). Conclusion:The clinical effect of compound Shenqi soft capsules is satisfied without any adverse reaction during the test,suggesting the capsules are suitable for clinical application.

Objective　To explore the molecular mechanism underlying the decreased velocity of tension rise in rat myocardium during congestive heart failure (CHF) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) induced by aortic stenosis. Methods　The maximum velocity of tension rise (+dT/dtmax) was measured in left ventricular papillary muscle and the mRNA level of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in the left ventricle were detected by Northern blot analysis. Results　The value of +dT/dtmax in CHF and LVH group were 64.17% and 37.15% lower than sham-operated controls (Sham) (P<0.01); values in the CHF group were 42.99% lower than that of LVH (P<0.01). The level of α-MHC mRNA in LVH was not different from that of the Sham (P>0.05), but decreased significantly in CHF to 42.3% of Sham and 56.1% of LVH (P<0.01). The level of β-MHC mRNA was up-regulated by 88.3% (P<0.01) in LVH compared with Sham and the level of β-MHC in CHF was 1.5-fold and 3.7-fold higher than that in LVH and Sham respectively (P<0.01). The ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA in LVH and CHF decreased to 42.4% and 9.8% respectively of the value in Sham (P<0.01). Correlation between α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA level and +dT/dtmax was analyzed which showed that these values were positively correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.875 (P<0.01). Conclusion　The decreased ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA was the major molecular mechanism underlying the decreased +dT/dtmax in CHF and LVH myocardium. The decreased ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA in LVH was mainly due to the up regulation of β-MHC mRNA while in CHF both down regulation of α-MHC and up regulation of β-MHC were involved.

Endoscopy ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Orbit ; surgery

Objective To clone express and purify Schistosoma japonicum fructose?1 6?bisphosphate aldolase SjFBPA in E. coli and observe its expression in different developmental stages of S. japonicum. Methods FBPA gene was amplified from S. japonicum adult worm cDNA by using PCR. The amplified product was recombined into pET28a plasmid and inducibly expressed with IPTG in E. coli BL21. SDS?PAGE and Western blotting were employed to analyze and identify the recombinant protein SjFBPA rSjFBPA . Then rSjFBPA was purified by chromatographic purification and its purity was analyzed by SDS?PAGE. The protein concentration of rSjFBPA purified was measured by the BCA method. Furthermore SjFBPA mRNA was ana?lyzed in different developmental stages of S. japonicum by RT?PCR. Results SjFBPA was successfully amplified by using PCR and identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. The Western blotting analysis confirmed that the recombinant pro?tein could specifically reactive to the anti?His?tag monoclonal antibody. The concentration of the purified recombinant protein was about 4 mg/ml. The result of RT?PCR showed that SjFBPA mRNA was expressed in cercaria schistosomulum adult worm and egg of S. japonicum. Conclusion SjFBPA is successfully recombined and expressed in a prokaryotic system and SjFBPA mRNA is expressed in cercaria schistosomulum adult worm and egg of S. japonicum.