Purpose To explore the ADC value in distinguishing prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by reviewing related articles. Materials and Methods The studies about the diffusion-weighted images in distinguishing the prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia were enrolled from the websites of Elsevier Science, PubMed, Springer-Link, Wiley Online Library, Medline and CNKI from 2000 to 2011, with DWI, prostate, cancer, carcinoma and hyperplasia as search terms. According to the uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria, the correct studies were chosen and the parameters including the mean values and standard deviations of ADC value were extracted. Meta-analysis was done by using Stata 11 software. Results A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 4 English articles and 3 Chinese articles. The fixed-effect model was used due to no heterogeneity. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was-1.357 and 95%confidence interval (95%CI) was (-1.604,-1.109, P=0.000). Conclusion DWI can be helpful in distinguishing the prostate cancer from the benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the ADC value of PCa is lower than that of BPH.

Objective To investigate temperature changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of heroin addicts with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Methods 18 heroin addicts in the withdrawal state and 18 healthy volunteers (control group) were performed with MRS scan.First, resting-state MRS scan was performed on all subjects, and then did MRS scan again under visual stimulation while subjects were asked to carefully watch the heroin-related cue images.Measurements of NAA of the identified regions (the prefrontal cortex, bilateral hippocampus) were obtained from all subjects.Brain temperatures were calculated by the modified brain temperature-chemical shift equation.Results In resting state, the temperature of prefrontal cortex in heroin addicts group was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),and the brain temperature was positively correlated with total dose of heroin (P<0.05).The prefrontal cortex/hippocampus temperature of heroin addicts group did not showed statistical significance between resting state and visual stimulation state (P>0.05).Conclusion MRS can be used to measure brain temperature noninvasively.Temperature change of brain may be helpful for exploring the mechanism of drug addiction and craving.

Objective To study the influence of the different tidal volume on hemodynamics,pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary mechanics during mechanical ventilation in patients with acute lung injury.Methods To adopt contrast method,making use of the VIIP +0.196 kPa of P-V curve to decide PEEP,then according to the VUIP of P-V curve,obtaining the three different data of humidity 100%Vt,85% Vt and 70 Vt.At the same time,monitoring the change of static compliance,the changing of hemodynamics and P-V curve.Results 85%Vt group was better than 100%Vt group and 70%Vt group in the heart rates,CVP,PaO_2,the peak airway pressure(PIP) and mean pressure(Pm),Cst,PaO_2/FiO_2.Conclusions When insuring the PEEP data in low inflection point pressure (Pinf) of breathing system P-V curve,and 85% humidity in upper inflection point pressure,which is in accordance with individual protecting breathing strategy.The curative effect is the best for improving static compliance and decreasing the harm of lung injury.The change of pressure-volume curve should be paid attention to in nursing.

BACKGROUND:Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels as a kind of adult stem cels with strong proliferation and multilineage differentiation potential exhibit a tremendous application potential in tissue engineering and biological therapy.
OBJECTIVE:To in vitro culture, proliferate and identify rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and to observe cel biological characteristics.
MEHTODS:Bone marrow of rabbits was extracted under sterile conditions to separate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels using the whole bone marrow adherence method and Percol density gradient centrifugation method. Afterwards, the cels were purified and proliferated using differential adherence method. Morphology and growth pattern of cels were observed under microscope, and expression of cel surface antigen markers was detected by flow cytometry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels presented with short adherent time and fast growth. After passage and purification, impurities cel counts were decreased. Primary cels presented with triangular, fusiform and spindly shapes. Passage 5 cels with single shape showed the typical polar swirling growth, and could not express CD34 and CD45, but expressed CD29 and CD44. These findings indicate that the cels cultured using the whole bone marrow adherence method and Percol density gradient centrifugation method possess stem cel characteristics in morphology, surface markers and multilineage differentiation, which have been identified as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels by flow cytometry.

Objective To explore the effects of modified herringbone-Trendelenburg position during gynecological laparoscopic operation of the elderly. Methods A total of 60 elderly patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia were recruited and assigned to the observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) by random digits table method with 30 cases each according to admitting time;Patients in the control group were placed in conventional Trendelenburg position, while the patients in the observation group were positioned in modified herringbone-Trendelenburg position .Intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured in the patients at anesthesia induction (T1),5 minutes after general anesthesia in supine position (T2) , and 5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum while in the operation position (T3) , every 30 minutes (times 4 to 11), while supine at the end of pneumoperitoneum (time 12) and before awakening (time 13);Patients were followed up at 24 h and 48 h after surgery, researcher investigate and record the scores of the Operation Position Comfort Questionnaire, the situation of the pain in the shoulder and postoperative complications of the lower limbs. Results There was no statistically significant difference (t=-1.098,-0.772,-0.656, P>0.05) of the IOP at T1, T2, T13. The IOP in the observation group had statistically significant difference compared with the control group at T3 to T12 (t=6.523-19.866, P<0.01). The incidence rate of the postoperative complications of the lower limbs in the observation group was 6.7%(2/30) lower than 26.7%(8/30) of the control group (χ2=4.320, P<0.05) and the VAS scores of the patients in the two groups was statistically significant (t=2.471, P<0.05). The incidence rate of the postoperative shoulder pain in the observation group was 10.0%(3/30) lower than 43.3%(13/30) of the control group (χ2=8.523, P<0.01), and the Visual Analogue Scale scores of the patients in the two groups was statistically significant (t=3.575, P<0.05).The scores of the Operation Position Comfort Questionnaire in the observation group was higher than the control group (t=-2.319, P<0.05). Conclusions Modified herringbone- Trendelenburg position can reduce the elevation of intraocular pressure in elderly patients without affecting the operation ,and effectively improve the comfort of the operation position of the patients, reduce the incidence rate of the shoulder pain and postoperative complications of the lower limbs, is conducive to the operation safety of elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: There is often a physical and psychosocial effect in burn injury, and the degree of mental stress reaction is related to social support, individual experience and personality characteristics.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mental stress reaction, the degree of social support and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)personality characteristics in acute burn patients, and to analysis the influence factor of mental stress reaction.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: West China Mental Health Center of Sichuan University, Burn Department of Mianyang Municipal Central Hospital, and Burn Department of General Hospital of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company.PARTICIPANTS: From April 2003 to April 2005, totally 104 mild, moderate or severe burn patients, including 92 males and 12 females, aged 12-60 years, selected from Mianyang Central Hospital and Department of burn of General Hospital of Panzhihua Iron & Steel Co., Ltd took part in the study.METHODS: The emotional problems and personality characteristics were measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA), the Minnesote Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Social Support Rating Scale (SS) as well as general clinical data,by the rating scales 3 day after burn. The patients were divided into anxiety-depression group (n=51) and normal emotion group (n=53) according to their anxiety-depression scores (anxious score＞ 7,depressive score＞ 8), those influencing factor included burning total area,age, sex and society support, Stepwise Regression was introduced to get the main factors that influenced mental stress reaction.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Scores of each scale and comparison of general clinical data in each group; ② stepwise regression analysis of depression and anxiety of burn patients.RESULTS: Data of Totally 104 patients was entered the final analysis. ①The scores were 10.4±2.46 and 16.8±5.94 of anxious and depressive patients during acute burn period, which were higher than those in normal group (4.29±2.26, 5.48±2.06, P=0.01). ② The main influential factor for depression were burning area and social supporting availability, and those for anxiety were age, burning area, social supporting availability and subjective social supporting degree. ③ MMPI test results show that T scores in anxiety-depression group were below 60 points, however T-scores were above 60 points in normal group including cheating points, hypomania,schizophrenia, psychasthenia and paranoid ideation CONCLUSION: Burn is a mental crisis to burn patients, which can lead to abnormal emotional reaction and personality change. The depressive and anxious score are positively related with burning area, and are negatively correlated with society supporting availability. The good social support system is benefit to over mental crisis period.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the biological characteristics of newborn rabbit tracheal chondrocytes in vitro. METHODS:Newborn rabbit tracheal chondrocytes were obtained by the method of enzyme digestion, and then cultured in monolayer in vitro.Morphological and growth observations were performed under inverted phase contrast microscope.The ultrastructures of the cells were observed under scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.The bi-ological characteristics of secreted extracellular matrix components were detected by real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry staining and toluidine blue staining.RESULTS: Newborn rabbit tracheal chondrocytes isolated and cultured in vitro showed short triangular or irregular shapes, and adherent growth very well.The ultrastructures of the cells showed pore and abundant cytoplasm and organelles, with a lot of protein secretions in the cells.The chondrocytes expressed the mRNA of collagen I, collagen II and proteoglycans, mainly collagen II and proteoglycans.Immunocytochemistry staining showed col-lagen II and SOX9 positive, and collagen I weakly positive.Toluidine blue staining was also positive.CONCLUSION:Enzyme digestion and monolayer culture are suitable method to obtain newborn rabbit tracheal chondrocytes.These cells, secreting extracellular matrix components, are able to be selected as seed cells for tissue engineering of trachea in vitro, and used to study the therapeutic method for neonatal rabbit tracheal stenosis.

Objective To observe the bone density, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) level,relevant parameters of bone metabolism and sex hormones in elderly men with osteoporosis before and after treatment with oral Fosamax for 3 years. Methods The serum OPG level was compared between 72 randomly selected elderly male patients with osteoporosis and age-matched healthy controls. The bone density, serum OPG level, sex hormones, serum calcium and phosphorus,parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoealein and urine type Ⅰ collegen crosslinked N-telopeptides (NTX),urine calcium and cretinine were tested in all elderly male patients with osteoporosis before and after 3 years of oral Fosamax treatment. The role of OPG in anti-osteoporotic therapy was studied by comparison of the parameters tested during the course of treatment. Results The serum levels of OPG osteoealcin, PTH and urine NTX were obviously higher in elderly men with osteoporosis than in healthy controls [(10.56±2.56) pmol/L vs. (8.91±2.20) pmol/L, (9.544±4.40) g/L vs. (6.774±2.87)rig/L, (70.39±35.58) ng/L vs. (47.11±21.80) ng/L, (72.06±9.78) nmol/L vs. (63.36±14.61)nmol/L, all P<0.05]. After treatment with oral Fosamax , the bone density was significantly increased. However, serum levels of OPG[(8.23±2.96)pmol/L], osteocalcinE(6.18±2.27)μg/L],PTH[(40.46±14.43) ng/L] and urine NTX[(64.83±11.40) nmol/L] were significantly decreased after treatment (all P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that the improvement of bone density after treatment was closely associated with serum OPG level. Conclusions Serum OPG level in elderly patients with osteoporosis is much higher than that in control group. The improvement in bone density after treatment is associated with the decrease in OPG level. Bone density and relevant parameters of bone metabolism can be improved in elderly male patients with osteoporosis by using oral Fosamax.

Objective To compare the outcomes of arthroscopic single-row and suture-bridge repair of medium-sized rotator cuff tears through clinical and MRI assessment.Methods Forty-five patients with medium-sized rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic repair using single-row (SR,n=29) or suture-bridge (SB,n=26) technique between July 2014 to June 2015 in our hospital,were retrospectively enrolled in this study.All surgeries were performed by the same senior doctor.The functional outcomes were assessed using the rating scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA),American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder index (ASES),Fudan University Shoulder Score (FUSS),visual analog pain scale score (VAS),and range of motion (ROM) before the operation and at the last follow-up.MRI examination was performed at the final follow-up.Results Finally 50 patients were followed up successfully,24 in SB group and 26 in SR group.There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,sex,follow-up duration,and the affected side.Before the operation,no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in all the measurements.After more than 1-year follow-up,significant improvement was found in all measurements for both groups,but without significant differences between them.MRI examination showed no re-tears in either group.According to the Sugaya's classification,there were more type Ⅰ patients in SB group than SR group (83.3％ vs 61.5％),but the difference was not significant.Conclusion Arthroscopic suture-bridge repairing of medium-sized rotator cuff tears results in safe and good early clinical outcomes.However,compared with the single-row technique,there was no significant advantage.Although the MRI examination showed a better result of rotator cuff healing in the early stage,its long-term outcomes need further studying.

Objective To determine the long term outcomes of laryngomalacia infants with anomalies and to determine the clinical practice guideline for these infants.Methods The charts of infants with moderate to severe laryngomalacia,who were admitted to our hospital between January 2013 and December 2015,were retrospectively reviewed.These infants were divided into two groups,anomaly(A) group(n=37) and non-anomaly (NA) group(n=19).Results Fifty-six cases were enrolled.Infants in A group were older at symptom relief than those in NA group[(10.00±3.56) months vs.(7.89±3.03) months,P＜0.05],and the weight percentiles of infants in A group were lower at 3,6 and 12 months than those in NA group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on the weights percentiles in infants at 24 months after diagnosis.Five of 37 cases in A group and 3 of 19 cases in NA group had supraglottoplasty.One infant in A group had tracheotomy.Conclusion Both breathing difficulty and development retardations of infants with moderate or severe laryngomalacia could gradually improved with age.There is not enough evidence to support the aggressive supraglottoplasty for infants with anomalies and laryngomalacia.