Objective To explore cell suspension and level of IL-17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with labor pneumonia combined with mycoplasma pneumonia and its clinical significance. Methods 87 children with labor pneumonia who had been done BAL were divided into CPIS ≥ 6 group and CPIS < 6 group ac-cording to the clinical pneumonia infection score (CPIS). Meanwhile, according to the results of MP-DNA, we grouped the children above into combined with mycoplasma pneumonia infection group and no mycoplasma pneumo-nia infection group, then combined with mycoplasma pneumonia infection group into group of MP-DNA:103~106 and group of MP-DNA: 106~. ELISA method was used to detect IL-17 level, HE staining and microscopy to sort cells, PCR detect MP-DNA. Results The percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF are not related to that in blood ( > 0.05). The percentage of columnar epithelial cells in CPIS < 6 group were higher than CPIS ≥ 6, how-ever, macrophagocyte was lower ( < 0.05). The percentage of neutrophils are related with both MP-DNA ( = 0.48,= 0.000) and IL-17 ( =0.49, =0.000). Conclusions The composition of BALF is more appropriate to react the circumstance of lobar pneumonia. When lobar pneumonia occurs, columnar epithelial cells are damaged, macrophagocyte gathered to participate in the inflammatory response. In Mycoplasma pneumonia infection group, IL-17 raises neutrophils to resist infection, NE%in BALF can indirectly reflect the mycoplasma infection degree.

Objective To investigate the pathogenic types and clinical features of children with lobar pneumonia. Methods Eighty children with lobar pneumonia diagnosed from April 2013 to May 2015 were enrolled. Bronchoalveolar lavage lfuid (BALF) of patients were collected. FQ-PCR was used to detect and analyze pathogens in BALF. Results In 80 cases, 59 cases were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and 2 cases were Chlamydia pneumoniae, 12 cases were Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 case was Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 cases were adenovirus, 1 case was respiratory syncytial virus, 14 cases were of mixed infection. The prevalence of MP lobar pneumonia in children of 7-14 years old age group were higher than that of other age groups. Conclusions The pathogen of children with lobar pneumonia varied from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, bacteria, virus and so on, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the common pathogen in lobar pneumonia.

In 48 postoperative cases using ear-clinoidal line positioning in radiofrequency thermocoagulation for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia,observing its recurrence and postoperative pain and complications in a five-year review. The successful rate of puncturing one time was 100%. Pain disappeared completely in 46 cases with one therapy. Two cases alleviated pain and decreased outbreak times. No recurrence and postoperative complications were observed. The vertical distance between the needle tip and the ear-clinoidal line were confirmed 8-10 mm in the third branch, 6-7 mm in the twice branch, 4-5 mm in the first branch. In order to avoid the first branch of trigeminal nerve injury, the vertical distance must be less than 6 mm, and the needle tip can not exceed ear-clinoidal line.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of tanshinone-IIA sodium injection post-conditioning combined with controlled low central venous pressure on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury during liver resection.Methods Eighty patients scheduled for liver resection, 46 males and 34 females, aged 30-65 years, BMI 20-26 kg/m2, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into four groups: tanshinone-IIA sodium post-conditioning (group D), tanshinone-IIAsodium post-conditioning combined with controlled low central venous pressure (CVP 1-5 cm H2O) group (group DL), controlled low central venous pressure (CVP 1-5 cm H2O) group (group L) and control group (group C) that took the static-compound anesthesia and maintained CVP 6-12 cm H2O, 20 cases in each group.The venous blood samples were drawn from internal carotid vein at different time point: pre-occlusion ten minutes (T0), post-occlusion 2 h (T1), 6 h (T2), 12 h (T3), 24 h after operation (T4), and then detected the levels of NF-κB, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), ALT and AST.The MAP was detected, HR and CVP were recorded.Results Compared with group C and group D, CVP were significantly lower at T0and T1in group L and group DL (P＜0.01).Compared with T0, levels of NF-κB, ICAM-1, ALT and AST in four group at T1-T4were significantly increased (P＜0.01).Compared with group C, levels of NF-κB, ICAM-1, ALT and AST in group DL, group L and group D at T1-T4 were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with group DL, levels of NF-κB, ICAM-1, ALT and AST in group D and group L at T1-T4 were significantly increased (P＜0.01).Conclusion Tanshinone-IIA sodium injection post-conditioning, combined with controlled low central venous pressure in patients with partial hepatectomy, can reduce the degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective:To establish a pristine-induced rheumatoid arthritis model in mice,and to evaluate its histological and immunological distinction.Methods:Thirty female BALB/c mice,6-8 weeks old,were randomly divided into 2 groups,a control group and pristine group.The mice in pristine group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml pristine three times at 0,9,and 18 weeks, while mice in the control group receiving saline at the same time.Arthritis score and paw thickness were measured and histopathological assessment of joint sections was performed.The expression of phagocytes,dendritic,neutrophils,T and B cells markers in spleen were determined by flow cytometry.Results:In model-marking group,11 mice were presented with macroscopic evidence of arthritis such as erythema or swelling.The paw thickness in pristine-induced mice was significant higher than that in the control groups[(2.90±0.51) mm vs(1.29±0.47 mm),P<0.05].In addition,arthritis score in pristine-induced mice was 9.55±2.80 at 21 weeks after first injection with 0.5 ml pristine.H&E staining revealed a significant increase of synovial inflammation, cartilage and bone destruction after stimulated with pristine.Meanwhile,the expression levels of CD11b,CD11c,GR1,CD4,CD8 and CD154 were obviously increased in model-marking group when compared with that in control group.Conclusion: The pristine-induced model presents the similar histological and immunological distinctions with human rheumatism arthritis,which can mimic the pathogenesis of rheumatism arthritis.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of pre-treatment with an Nrf2 inducer dh404 on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Thirty SD rats were divided into three groups using completely randomized digital table,dh404 was dissolved in sesame oil and was given orally 1.5 mg/kg the night before procedures and 5 hours before procedures.Rats in group Sham received no treatment of ischemic reperfusion.In group IR and group dh404,the renal ischemia reper-fusion (IR)model was established,24 hours after IR,the levels of serum creatininc (Cr)and urea ni-trogen (BUN),the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and the content of malonaldehyde (MDA)in serum were measured,and hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining observe the changes in renal structure,the levels of γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC)and modifier (GCLM)subunit, the expression of NF-κB,COX-2 and eNOS were measured.Results Compared with group Sham,the values of Cr,BUN in group IR and group dh404 were significantly higher (P <0.05).Compared to the group IR,the group dh404 Cr,BUN values significantly decreased after reperfusion for 24 h(P <0.05 ).Compared to group Sham,group IR SOD activity decreased,while the value of MDA increased(P <0.05 ).Compared to group IR,group dh404 had much higher SOD activity,while the value of MDA significantly decreased.Observed with optical microscopy,compared to group Sham, the renal tubular injury of group IR was obvious.Compared to group IR,group dh404 significantly reduced tubular injury.Compared to group IR,the levels of GCLC and modifier GCLM subunit were higher,while there were no significant differences of levels among NF-κB,COX-2 and eNOS. Conclusion Pre-treatment with an Nrf2 inducer dh404 can protect the kidney from IRI through possi-bly reducing IRI kidney oxidative stress.

Objective:To explore the role of hippocampal γ oscillation abnormality in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).Methods:Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats (2-3 months) were randomly (random number) divided into three groups according to the random digital table method: sham, CLP, and CLP + dopamine 4 (D4) receptor agonists RO-10-5824 group. The SAE animal model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). On day 10-14 after surgery, the open field, novel object recognition, and fear conditioning tests were performed. After that, the hippocampus was collected to measure expressions of parvalbumin (PV) and D4 receptor. In another set of experiment, CA1 local field potential (LFP) were recorded, and the relationship between LFP and time with novel object was analyzed. Independent sample t-test was used for pairwise comparisons, and multiple comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey multiple comparisons test. Correlation was analyzed using Pearson correlation. Statistical significance was assumed when P<0.05. Results:Compared with the sham group, hippocampal PV (77.54±4.61)%, D4 expression (56.36±3.88)% and γ oscillation power (41.1±8.62)%, object exposure time (36±3) s, new object recognition rate (49±4)%, and scene stiffness time (56±7) s were decreased significantly ( P<0.05). However, RO-10-5824 treatment could increase hippocaml γ oscillation power (92.3±6.7)%, and reverse the decreased new object exposure time (44±3) s and new object recognition rate (63±4)%. Correlation analysis showed that hippocampal γ oscillation power was positively associated with new object exposure time ( r=0.609 2, P=0.015 9). There was no difference in total distance traveled or time spent in the center among groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Hippocampal γ oscillation abnormality might play a key role in cognitive impairment associated with SAE.

Objective:To analyze the trend of disease burden of oral cancer attributable to smoking in China from 1990 to 2019, and predict the mortality trend of oral cancer from 2020 to 2034, providing scientific basis for formulating targeted oral cancer prevention and treatment strategy to achieve the goal of "Healthy China 2030".Methods:Using partial data on the global burden of disease in China in 2019, attributive death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) were used to describe. The trend of changes in the burden of oral cancer disease attributed to smoking was analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model to estimate the annual average percentage change (AAPC) of age standardized mortality and DALY rates. Meanwhile, the Bayesian age-period- cohort model is used to predict oral cancer deaths and DALY trends attributed to smoking over the next 15 years.Results:The age-standardized mortality rate and DALY rate in China from 1990 to 2019 showed an overall upward trend, with an average annual increase of 1.49% (95 %CI: 1.34%-1.65%, P<0.001) and 1.41% (95 %CI: 1.24%-1.59%, P<0.001) respectively, higher than around the earth and in regions with different socio-demographic index (SDI). In 2019, 46.74% (10 584/22 642) of oral cancer deaths in China were attributed to smoking. Compared to 1990, the number of attributed deaths in 2019 increased by 293.75% (7 896/2 688), while DALY increased by 257.97% (189 039/73 280). Moreover, the growth rates of attributed deaths and DALY in males [304.95% (7 584/2 487) and 265.60% (183 349/69 033), respectively] were significantly higher than those in females [154.73% (311/201) and 133.95% (5 690/4 248), respectively] ( P<0.001). The age group results showed that the proportion of deaths and DALY gradually transitioned towards the elderly (>60 years old). The expected number of deaths would increase from 10 731 in 2020 to 14 125 in 2034, with a rise of 31.63% (3 394/10 731). Simultaneously, DALY would increase from 267 064 person years in 2020 to 326 634 person years in 2034, with a rise of 22.31% (59 570/267 064). Conclusions:From 1990 to 2019, the burden of oral cancer diseases attributed to smoking in China showed an increasing trend, with a higher growth rates than in the global and different SDI regions. There were differences in gender and age, and the burden of oral cancer diseases attributed to smoking in China would continue to increase in the next 15 years. It is necessary to educate on the adverse effects of tobacco consumption and to conduct vigilant oral self-examination among high-risk groups to help early detection and intervention at the same time.

This article reviews the history of cardiovascular nursing in China and abroad, and prospects the direction of clinical nursing for cardiovascular diseases in the light of the current development and research hotspots of cardiovascular nursing in China, with a view to providing reference for nurses.

OBJECTIVETo determine whether smoking increases the risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese men.

METHODSA total of 693 men with no MetS at baseline were followed for 2.9-5.5 years. Subjects were divided into nonsmokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers according to baseline smoking status.

RESULTSAfter adjusting for age, education level, alcohol intake, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, and BMI at baseline and weight change, current smokers were dose-dependently associated with increased risk for developing new MetS compared with nonsmokers. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.131 (95% CI, 1.264, 3.592; P<0.01) for the NCEPIII definition or 3.083 (95% CI, 1.807, 5.295; P<0.01) for the JCDCG definition of MetS. Ex-smokers who had quit for ≥13 years significantly decreased the risk for developing new MetS defined by the JCDCG definition. Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were significantly associated with increased incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C.

CONCLUSIONSmoking is a risk factor for developing MetS in Chinese men after adjusting for age, education level, alcohol intake, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, BMI, and weight change. This could be due to an increased incidence of dyslipidemia. Smoking cessation for >13 years decreased the risk for developing MetS defined by the JCDCG definition.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; blood ; epidemiology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; blood ; epidemiology ; Waist Circumference