Objective:To establish a method for the content determination of triptolide in compound tripterygium wilfordil syrups by HPLC. Methods:The samples were analyzed on a Diamonsil C18 column(150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm), the mobile phase consisted of methanol and water (46∶54), the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the detection wavelength was 224 nm, and the column temperature was kept at 30℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results: The linear range of triptolide was 5. 66-33. 96 μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 999 8), and the average recovery was 99. 35% with RSD of 1. 02%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple and sensitive with good repeatability, and can be used to control the quality of triptolide in compound tripterygium wilfordil syrups.

Objective To understand the expressions of transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1) and its receptors(T?R) in villi and decidua during early pregnancy and their effects on early embryo development, and explore the mechanism of spontaneous abortion. Methods By immunohistochemical technique, expressions of TGF-?1 and its receptors were determined in villi and decidua from 10 cases of spontaneous abortion women after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET group), 20 cases of spontaneous abortion women (spontaneous abortion group), and 20 cases of normal early pregnancy women (control group). Results TGF-?1 and its receptors had high expressions in decidua cells, villus glands and interstitial cytoplasm in all three groups. The average light density of the expressions of TGF-?1 in the villi and decidua of IVF-ET, spontaneous abortion and control groups were 0.167 and 0.199, 0.198 and 0.201, 0.277 and 0.274, respectively. The intensity of T?R-Ⅰ in the villi and decidua of IVF-ET, spontaneous abortion and control groups were 0.144 and 0.150, 0.202 and 0.201, 0.238 and 0.281, respectively. And the expressions of T?R-Ⅱ in the villi and decidua of IVF-ET, spontaneous abortion and control groups were 0.199 and 0.145, 0.153 and 0.156, 0.300 and 0.301, respectively. The differences between the control group and both abortion groups were all significant (P

Aim To investigate endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS)-mediated high-fat diet and palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance ( IR) in skeletal muscle and interventional effects of fenofibrate both in vivo and in vitro tests. Methods Female SD rats were randomly subjected to a standard control diet ( SCD) or high-fat diet ( HFD) for 20 weeks, then the HFD group was di-vided into high-fat-diet group and high-fat-diet group treated with fenofibrate ( HFD +FF, 30 mg · kg-1 · d-1 ) for another 8 weeks. The changes of IR and ex-pression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α( PPARα) , glucose regulated protein 78 ( GRP78 ) and transcription factors GADD153 ( CHOP ) were as-sessed respectively. C2C12 myotubes were divided into normal control group ( NC ) , model group ( palmitic acid, PA) , postive control drug group ( tunicamycin, TM) and treatment group ( fenofibric acid, FA+PA) , the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP were assessed re-spectively. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was also analyzed to detect changes of insulin sensitivi-ty in C2 C12 . Results The high-fat diet induced obvi-ous IR and upregulated ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP in skeletal muscle of rats, and these responses were attenuated by treatment with fenofibrate. Incuba-tion of myotubes with palmitic acid or tunicamycin sig-nificantly increased expression of ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP. Meanwhile, insulin-stimulated phosphoryl-ation of Akt was inhibited obviously. Pre-incubation with FA markedly inverted PA-induced ERS and insu-lin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. Conclusion Fenofibrate ( fenofibric acid) has obvious effects of IR on skeletal muscle tissues and cells, which may be re-lated with reduced expression of GRP78 and CHOP in ERS.

Purpose To explore the ADC value in distinguishing prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by reviewing related articles. Materials and Methods The studies about the diffusion-weighted images in distinguishing the prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia were enrolled from the websites of Elsevier Science, PubMed, Springer-Link, Wiley Online Library, Medline and CNKI from 2000 to 2011, with DWI, prostate, cancer, carcinoma and hyperplasia as search terms. According to the uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria, the correct studies were chosen and the parameters including the mean values and standard deviations of ADC value were extracted. Meta-analysis was done by using Stata 11 software. Results A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 4 English articles and 3 Chinese articles. The fixed-effect model was used due to no heterogeneity. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was-1.357 and 95%confidence interval (95%CI) was (-1.604,-1.109, P=0.000). Conclusion DWI can be helpful in distinguishing the prostate cancer from the benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the ADC value of PCa is lower than that of BPH.

The experiment contents were integrated into three parts such as basic skills and verification experiment, systematic experiment and designing experiment. Basic skills and confirmato-ry experiments were performed alone with theory teaching by combination of modern teaching methods and traditional teaching methods, which consisted of “speaking”(experimental principles, methods and main technical points using multimedia), “looking”(demonstrating related operation on teaching website), teachers' demonstration, students' doing experiment independently and summarizing. In this part, the experimental operation skills such as the sterile operation technology, staining technology, microscopy technology and pure culture were emphasized. Systemic experiments would be carried out after completion of the most theory, the experiment time could be adjusted according to the experiment content, and the PBL teaching method was taken in this stage. After the theory teaching of Medical Microbiology was finished, students voluntarily participated in design experiments in the last stage, which were the fusion of scientific research subject and the experimental teaching. From the preview experiment, experiment operation, experiment report, to the final test, the multi-dimensional evalua-tion was implemented throughout the course of experiment teaching.

0.05). The peak of NAA was significantly different between high grade glioma and metastatic carcinoma(P0.05). The peak of AA was characteristic of brain abscess. The ratio of Cho/Cr0 in brain abscess was significantly lower than those in high grade glioma and metastatic carcinoma(P

Objective To probe the value of clinical application of three dimensional contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D CE MRA) for diagnosis of peripheral artery occlusive diseases (PAOD) and to assess its accuracy. Methods One hundred and three cases of PAOD received 3D CE MRA before operation. And 579 vascular segments were displayed. The diagnosis of 3D CE MRA before operation were compared with the results of vascular reconstruction surgeries of lower extremities. The image quality and how 3D CE MRA revealed the abnormal blood vessels were evaluated. Results Satisfactory images of the main arteries of the lower extremities were achieved by 3D CE MRA. In 579 vascular segments of 103 patients with PAOD,the sensitivity and specificity for detection of severe stenosis and occlusions were 97.6% and 95.4%,respectively. In 206 vascular segments of tibiofibula artery,the sensitivity was 100%. In 196 vascular segments of femoral artery,the specificity was 97%. Conclusion 3D CE MRA is accurate and reliable for determination of the degree of peripheral artery stenosis. The results of 3D CE MRA are concordant with that of operation.

This study was aimed to explore the mechanism of Xin-Feng capsule (XFC) on pulmonary function of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) rat model based on the TGF-β1-ERK1 signal pathway. A total of 50 SD rats were ran-domly divided into the normal control (NC) group, model control (MC) group, hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) group, radix paeoniae alba (total glucosides of paeony capsules, TGP) group, and the XFC treatment group, with 10 rats in each group. Except the NC group, the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and the same rat sub-mandibular gland antigen induced method were applied to each rat after metatarsus injection on two feet and CFA after sufficient emulsification of 0.2 mL submandibular gland protein mixed antigen induced SS. The water drink-ing quantity, body weight change, pulmonary function, ERK1, TGF-β1 protein expression and serum cell factor (IL-17, IL-4) changes were detected in each group. The results showed that compared with the NC group, the body quality and serum IL-4 of MC rats were obviously decreased, and the water drinking quantity, submandibu-lar gland / lung index, submandibular gland pathological score, ERK1, TGF-β1 integral and IL-17 were increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and the pulmonary function parameter was decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the MC group, the body quality, pulmonary function parameters FEF50 and MMF of the XFC group were in-creased, the IL-4 expression was increased, the water drinking quantity, submandibular gland / lung index, sub-mandibular gland pathological score, serum IL-17 expression, ERK1 and TGF-β1 integral were decreased (P <0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the HCQ group, the body quality and IL-17 were significantly decreased in the XFC group (P < 0.01), FEF25, FEF75 and MMF were increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the TGP group, the lung index and IL-17 were decreased in the XFC group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). It was conclud-ed that the lung function of SS rats was declined, which is closely related to the activation of TGF-β1-ERK1 sig-nal pathway. Traditional Chinese medicine of XFC is able to downregulate the TGF-β1 expression and to restrain epithelium-mesenchymal cell transformation, in order to inhibit ERK1 phosphorylation activation and proliferation, decrease immune inflammation, in order to improve SS and lung function.

Objective To explore the effects of modified herringbone-Trendelenburg position during gynecological laparoscopic operation of the elderly. Methods A total of 60 elderly patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia were recruited and assigned to the observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) by random digits table method with 30 cases each according to admitting time;Patients in the control group were placed in conventional Trendelenburg position, while the patients in the observation group were positioned in modified herringbone-Trendelenburg position .Intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured in the patients at anesthesia induction (T1),5 minutes after general anesthesia in supine position (T2) , and 5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum while in the operation position (T3) , every 30 minutes (times 4 to 11), while supine at the end of pneumoperitoneum (time 12) and before awakening (time 13);Patients were followed up at 24 h and 48 h after surgery, researcher investigate and record the scores of the Operation Position Comfort Questionnaire, the situation of the pain in the shoulder and postoperative complications of the lower limbs. Results There was no statistically significant difference (t=-1.098,-0.772,-0.656, P>0.05) of the IOP at T1, T2, T13. The IOP in the observation group had statistically significant difference compared with the control group at T3 to T12 (t=6.523-19.866, P<0.01). The incidence rate of the postoperative complications of the lower limbs in the observation group was 6.7%(2/30) lower than 26.7%(8/30) of the control group (χ2=4.320, P<0.05) and the VAS scores of the patients in the two groups was statistically significant (t=2.471, P<0.05). The incidence rate of the postoperative shoulder pain in the observation group was 10.0%(3/30) lower than 43.3%(13/30) of the control group (χ2=8.523, P<0.01), and the Visual Analogue Scale scores of the patients in the two groups was statistically significant (t=3.575, P<0.05).The scores of the Operation Position Comfort Questionnaire in the observation group was higher than the control group (t=-2.319, P<0.05). Conclusions Modified herringbone- Trendelenburg position can reduce the elevation of intraocular pressure in elderly patients without affecting the operation ,and effectively improve the comfort of the operation position of the patients, reduce the incidence rate of the shoulder pain and postoperative complications of the lower limbs, is conducive to the operation safety of elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the association between recurrent miscarriages and insulin resistance.Methods The case-control studies on the association between recurrent spontaneous abortion and insulin resistance from June 1996 to April 2012 were collected from Medline,Elsevier,Chinese Journal Fulltext Database,Chinese Biological Medicine Database,data base of Wanfang,Springer link and EMBASE.RevMan 5.1 software was used for Meta analysis.Results According to the included criteria,7 clinical trials were finally selected.Total 467 cases with recurrent pregnancy loss were enrolled in study group,while 413 women with no history of abnormal pregnancies were enrolled in control group.No significant difference was found in average age and body mass index between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Meta analysis results showed that the level of fasting glucose was no statistical difference between study group and control group (WMD =2.27,95％ CI:-1.11 to 5.65,P ＞0.05); fasting insulin level was higher 2.05 mU/L in study group than that of in control group,the difference was statistically significant (WMD =2.05,95％ CI:1.03 to 3.08,P ＜ 0.01).Case number of study group on Homa-insulin resistance ＞ 4.5 was more than that of control group (OR =3.36,95％ CI:1.72 to 6.57,P ＜ 0.01).Case number of study group on glucose/insulin ratio ＜ 4.5 was more than that of the control group,statistical difference was found (OR =3.37,95％ CI:1.90 to 5.99,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Insulin resistance is associated with the susceptibility to recurrent miscarriages,and it may contribute to the occurrence of recurrent miscarriages.