Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease(CKD)in the adult population receiving healthy examination from Xinjiang. Methods A total of 10 025 subjects who were older than 20 years and received healthy examination in Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital,Xinjiang Medical University,from January 2009 to April 2010 were enrolled. Results The prevalence of proteinuria was 4.86%(95%CI:4.44%-5.28%),hematuria 3.13%(95%CI:2.79%-3.47%),and reduced eGFR 2.66%(95%CI:2.34%-2.98%).Approximately 9.60%(95%CI:9.02%-10.18%)of these subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage.Albuminuria was independently associated with male,systolic blood pressure,BMI,glycometabolism abnormity, hypertriglyceridemia.Hematuria was independently associated with female,minority,aystolic blood pressure.Reduced eGFR was independently associated with female,age,obesity,hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia.Age,gender,glycometabolism abnormity,systolic blood pressure,hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia were independently correlated with CKD. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is 9.60%in the adult population receiving healthy examination,which is quite high and should be considered.The spectrum and correlated factors of CKD in this population are similar to studies reported.