OBJECTIVE:To reduce patient waiting time for drugs by improving work efficiency via the optimization of the in-telligent workflow of outpatient pharmacy. METHODS:The problems existing in each link in the workflow after the adoption of au-tomated drug dispensing machine in the outpatient pharmacy of our hospital were analyzed. Measures were developed and imple-mented,on the basis of the factors affecting each link including adding drugs,making up a prescription and dispensing drugs,to optimize the workflow. The effect after the optimization was evaluated,with the time it takes to make up a prescription and to dis-pense drugs and patient waiting time for drugs as the indexes. RESULTS:The averaged time it takes a pharmacist to make up a pre-scription and to dispense drugs and patient waiting time for drugs significantly reduced from 3.4 min,9.3 min and 12.7 min to 1.0 min,6.1 min and 7.1 min respectively,after taking measures such as adjusting the number of the drug types,tracks and positions in the machine,adding the contrasting pictures of the drugs which were similar on the system interface for adding drugs,standardiz-ing the process of adding drugs,improving and allocating information labels,adjusting the process of dispensing drugs and adding new small packages of drugs within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized intelligent workflow in the pharmacy can reduce pa-tient waiting time for drugs,increase patient satisfaction and promote the development of intelligent pharmacy.

Objectives: Despite the public-health significance of both malnutrition and crises, little has been done to explore the convergence of the two domains and develop ways to improve policies and practices, especially in rural communities. This article remedies that knowledge gap by focusing on nutrition-related changes, responses, and practices during crisis situations in Siargao Island, Philippines, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a backdrop. Methods: Forty-six (46) semi-structured interviews were conducted among parents, caregivers, local health workers, and local officials of Del Carmen, Siargao Island. Principles of thematic analysis were applied to data analysis using NVivo 12. Afterwards, the preliminary data were presented in a virtual validation session with the local community and stakeholders. Results: Despite the high prevalence of malnutrition amid a backdrop of economic and nutritional difficulties, the community members generally viewed their children as healthy. Rice remained (disproportionately) central to people’s diets; possible alternatives like root crops were considered emergency foods only and not culturally acceptable as staples, in spite of their cheap and ubiquitous nature. Lastly, the economic and financial repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic have also negatively affected the community members’ overall nutrition and food sources. Conclusion More efforts should be directed toward encouraging the consumption of root vegetables and fruits as rice alternatives in everyday diet—a costeffective strategy that would also promote dietary diversification. More importantly, nutrition responses should consider local food systems in terms of specific local economies and geographies, while health promotion efforts should engage with local notions of ‘health’ and ‘nutrition’ and encourage community participation in (re)designing policy interventions.
Nutrition ; public health ; rice ; COVID-19

BACKGROUNDThere is no large population-based study of the distribution and changing trend of strabismus surgeries in China. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and the changing trend of strabismus surgery in a tertiary hospital of China.

METHODSA retrospective study of all the strabismus surgeries performed in Beijing Tongren Eye Center from 2003 to 2012 was carried out. Characteristics analyzed included the type of strabismus, age, and gender.

RESULTSTotally 26 524 strabismus surgeries were performed in Tongren Eye Center during the 10-year period. The number of surgeries increased steadily from 1 507 in 2003 to 3 482 in 2008 and slightly decreased to 3 124 in 2009, but there was a sharp drop to 2 569 in 2010 and then kept relatively steady at 2 760 in 2011 and 2 463 in 2012. Intermittent exotropia (30.3%) was the most common among all kinds of strabismus. The number of strabismus surgeries performed on children under 12 years of age (43.60%) was significantly higher than those of the other age groups (P < 0.05). Unilateral superior oblique paralysis was the most common subtype of paralytic strabismus (8.64%).

CONCLUSIONSThe type distribution of strabismus surgery has changed during the recent decade. The age and type distribution of different strabismus remained basically constant, among which intermittent exotropia was the most common.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus ; surgery ; Tertiary Care Centers ; statistics & numerical data