Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are closely related to developing of breast cancer andovarian cancer. There are a great diversity of founder mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2. Their types and fre quency are greatly different in populations from different geographic regions and ethnicities. In particular ethnicgroups, founder mutations show a high frequency due to a founder effect. Compared with the expensive wholegenomic scan, screening of founder mutations which could provide information for the prevention and treatmentof related cancer is more convenient and easy to popularize with low cost.

Objective To investigate the suicide behavior among middle school students in Kunming city and its relationship with family factors, and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of juvenile suicide behavior. Methods 1 164 junior to senior students in 5 middle schools in Kunming were investigated by anonymous self-administered questionnaire investigation, and the collected data were statistically analysed by using SPSS software. Results The total effective number of students was 1 163, including 548 boys, accounting for 47.1%, and 615 girls, accounting for 52.8%, with age of 11 and 18 years (15.17 ± 1.838) .Among them, 153 people considered suicide, accounting for 13.1%of the proportion. Family factors of suicide analysis found that family type, education level of the parents and the family economic situation had influences on the suicide behavior among middle school students. Conclusions The suicide behavior is more common in middle school students,and is influenced by the family factors including family type,cultural degree of parents and etc.,so we should strengthen the comprehensive intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of suicide behavior based on the influencing factors.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of long-pulsed laser for hair removal in different colour of skin. Methods Hair removal was performed in 607 hirsute patients with two long-pulsed lasers. Results Although the effectiveness rates of hair removal in upper lip and full bread were not different, their complications were different by using two long-pulsed lasers. Also there were signifi-cant decreases of effectiveness and complication in the lighter skin and thc darker skin (P<0.01). Con-clusion The 755 nm wavelength has more effectiveness and lower complication in the lighter skin. How-ever, the 1 064 nm wavelength has more effectiveness and lower complication in the darker skin.

Objective To understand the correct sexual health knowledge and source of sexual information among college students in Kunming, and provide the practical suggestions for students' sexual education. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 950 students chosen from 5 universities in Kunming by cluster multistage sampling. Results The college students' health knowledge accuracy has certain significant differences between men and women, living urban and rural, inside and outside the province, and the Han and other nationalities. The most conversation partner discussing sex for the first time is their companion. Students get sex knowledge most in junior high school, and the school is the most important way to get these knowledge. Conclusion Sexual health knowledge education should be balanced between boys and girls, rural area students and minority students' knowledge of sexual health should be strengthened, and make them have a correct understanding onsex. In addition, strengthen the familysex knowledgeis also important.

Objective:To investigate the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and the prognosis of breast cancer pa-tients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. Methods:A total of 427 breast cancer patients treated with chemo-radio-therapy after surgery at Beijing Cancer Hospital were selected for this study. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was adopted to analyze the p53 codon 72 polymorphism. Survival analysis was conducted to compare the disparities of recurrence and survival among the patients with different p53 codon 72 polymorphic variants. Results:The distribution of three geno-types of p53 codon 72 in our cohort is as follows:Pro/Pro 18.3%(78/427), Pro/Arg 44.0%(188/427), and Arg/Arg 37.7%(161/427). No significant difference was observed among the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LR-RFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) among the three genotypes (all P>0.05). Among the 303 estro-gen receptor (ER)-positive patients, OS was significantly better in patients with Arg/Arg genotype than those with Pro/Pro genotype (χ2=6.33, P=0.042). The multivariate analysis showed that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism is an independent factor of prognosis for LRFS, LRRFS, DDFS, and OS of ER-positive patients. For the ER positive patients with Pro/Pro genotype, the local recurrence, local-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and mortality risks were 5.9 (HR=5.9, 95%CI 1.1-31.1, P=0.036), 3.1 (HR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.1, P=0.039), 2.8 (HR=2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.0, P=0.010), and 4.0 (HR=4.0, 95% CI 1.3-12.0, P=0.013) times higher than those with Arg/Arg genotype, respectively. Conclusion:For ER-positive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery and chemo-radiotherapy, the local recurrence, loco-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and mortality risk with Pro/Pro genotype are significantly higher compared to those with Arg/Arg genotype.

Objective To investigate the value of the new method with bilateral lip mueosa flaps for central defect reconstruction of upper-lip vermilion. Methods On both sides of the central defect of upper lip vermilion, reverse triangular flaps was designed below the junction between vermilion and mucosal. These two flaps had the common pedicle of vermilion depression site. Incisions of "(λ)" shape were de-signed below the defect area and the flaps included mucosa and submucous tissue. This mueosa flaps were raised and orbicularis otis muscles under the flaps were free moderately. Bilateral orbicularis oris muscles were sutured under the common pedicle of the two mucosa flaps. Then the bilateral mucosa flaps were ro-tated down 90° and inserted into the " (λ)" shape incisions to increase the tissue volume of the middle upper lip and deepen the labiogingival sulcus. The common pediele of the bilateral mucosa flaps was formed to the vermilion tubercle and then the incisions were sutured layer by layer. Results The technique was per-formed on 26 patients including 18 cases of upper-lip vermilion defect after repair of bilateral cleft lip,4 ca-ses of upper-lip vermilion defect after repair of unilateral cleft lip and 4 cases of congenital malformation. All the lip mucosa flaps survived completely without any complications. The vermilion, tubercle and shape of the lips were satisfactory after all cases were repaired and all incision scars were concealed. Con-clusions Using the lip mucosa flaps transfer to repair vermilion defect with the same tissue can obtain satisfactory appearance. The lip mucosa flaps are ideal for repairing of the lip vermilion defect and recove-ring of the profile of labial arch and vermilion tubercle. It can be used widely in any cases with the central defect of upper lip vermilion.

Objective To introduce a new and practical method of treating blepharoptosis with direct suspension of the frontal muscle-fascia improvement. Methods 22 cases of blepharoptosis were corrected by direct suspension of the frontal muscle-fascia in which the dynamia still came from frontal muscle.Through double-fold eyelid incision, the frontal muscle-fascia was dissected from the subcutaneous tissue and a 1.5 cm length incision of the frontal muscle-fascia was cut under the supraorbital margin. And through the incision, the frontal muscle-fascia on the superficies of periosteum was dissected 1.5 cm to the upper margin of orbital, and then the frontal muscle-fascia was pulled down and fixed to the levator muscle aponeurosis directly by mattress sutures, with the tension being adjusted to a moderate degree. Results 22 cases of blepharoptosis were cured by primary healing with this method. The patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months with satisfactory results and no recurrence. Conclusion Compared with the traditional methods,this one may decrease the damage to the upper lid and frontalis area, leaving no risk of damaging the vessels or nerves. The technique is simple and the curative effect is affirmed. It can be used to treat any blepharoptosis patient with normal frontal muscle function.

Objective To reveal the relationship between a certain ratio of the length to width of a slender narrow pedicle and random flap in survival area with an experimental study. Methods 25 pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups. The ratio of length to width of slender narrow pedicle in 5 groups was different and every ratio's slender narrow pedicle was carrying 5 different sizes of random flaps. In each group, these 5 flaps were created randomly in each pigs' bilateral back. The flaps were evaluated with the general observation, fluorescence examination, blood flow ECT test, and computerized analysis of survival area. Results When the ratio of the length to width of the slender narrow pedicle was constant, along with the flap area increased, the flap survival area also increased, but when the flap reached a certain area, the distal flap would develop necrosis, the flap survival area would not reduce; when the flap size remained unchanged, along with the ratio of the length to width of the slender narrow pedicle increased, the flap survival area was not affected, but, when the ratio of the length to width of the slender narrow pedicle increased to a certain limit, distal flap would lead to necrosis, and the flap survival area would reduce. Conclusion The slender narrow pedicle flap is a new and practical random flap. The pedicle of random flap can be designed as slender shape, and the ratio of pedicle width to flap length is far less than traditional ratio. Increasing the flap size or ratio of the length to width of a slender narrow pedicle in a certain extent will not lead to flap necrosis.

Objective To investigate the application and survival mechanism of a long and narrow pedicle flap which was used to repair the tissue defects after removal of tumor in aged patients.Methods The long and narrow pedicle flap was designed with its pedicle located beside wound surface along the pathway of well-known or perforating branch blood vessel to repair the defect caused by removing the tumor in aged patients.The size of the flaps ranged from 3 cm × 4 cm to 10 cm × 12 cm.The length and width of the pedicle ranged 2 - 8 cm and 1.0 - 1.5 cm.Results This flap was used in 17 cases.The flap was survived well in 14 patients,and healed later in other 3 patients because of wrong bandaging in earlier period.Conclusions The capability of bearing ischemia and hypoxia of the flap tissue is stronger after transfer owing to low metabolic rate in the skin tissue in aged patients.The flap is easily survived by repairing the tissue defects after removal of tumors in aged patients with the long and narrow pedicle flap.The pedicle of flap is narrow and long,and the transposition of the narrow pedicle flap is easy.The postoperative appearance is satisfactory.It is an ideal choice for repairing the defect caused by removal of tumor in aged patients.

ObjectiveTo introduce the application of slender narrow subcutaneous fascia pedicle flap in repairing the cavity of conchs wound in microtia plasty,and to investigate its survival mechanism.MethodsThe all 6 congenital microtia cases were repaired with the concha compound flap up rotation.The all microtia concha wounds were repaired with the slender narrow pedicle.The lateral maxillocevicai fasciotaneous flap with its slender subcutaneous fascia pedlcle located in front of auricle.The size of the flaps ranged from 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm to 4.0 cm × 4.5 cm,The width and length of the pedicle ranged 1.0-1.5 cm and 3.5-4.5 cm.Results6 cases of the slender narrow subcutaneous fascia pedlcle flaps all survived,with primary wound healing and ideal appearance.ConclusionsThis slender narrow subcutaneous fascia pedlcle flap does not contain any major blood vessel,which is dissected easily in the operation.Due to its slender narrow pedicle,the flap rotation is also easy and its coverage area is large,without cat ears.The postoperative appearance (color,lexture,cosmetic aspect)is satisfactory.The slender narrow flap is an extraordinary new design and is ideal for the cavity of concha wound repair in the microtia plasty.