As a fundamental component of the host cellular cytoskeleton, actin is routinely engaged by infecting viruses. Furthermore, viruses from diverse groups, and infecting diverse hosts, have convergently evolved an array of mechanisms for manipulating the actin cytoskeleton for efifcacious infection. An ongoing chorus of research now indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is critical for viral replication at many stages of the viral life cycle, including binding, entry, nuclear localization, genomic transcription and reverse transcription, assembly, and egress/dissemination. Speciifcally, viruses subvert the force-generating and macromolecular scaffolding properties of the actin cytoskeleton to propel viral surifng, internalization, and migration within the cell. Additionally, viruses utilize the actin cytoskeleton to support and organize assembly sites, and eject budding virions for cell-to-cell transmission. It is the purpose of this review to provide an overview of current research, focusing on the various mechanisms and themes of virus-mediated actin modulation described therein.

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive intervention including education, lifestyle intervention and drug intervention for patients with hypertension in Kailuan community. Methods Employees who took part in the health checkup of Kailuan Group, Ltd. from June 2008 to June 2009 were enrolled in this study. The changes of hypertension awareness, treatment and control rates and cardiovascular health behaviors and factors have been observed in the follow-up. Results A total of 5 361 patients with hypertension were enrolled. After a period of 2 years of follow-up, the treatment rate and up to standard rate hypertension were significantly increased compared to pre-intervention (11.90%vs. 100.00%;0.82% vs. 36.93%. P<0.01). After comprehensive intervention, the average score of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors increased from (6.85 ± 1.90) to (7.52 ± 1.92) (P<0.01). Conclusion Comprehensive intervention is an effective means for the prevention and control of hypertension in the community.

[Summary] Lumbar disc herniation is rare in juveniles , which makes it more difficult to diagnose and treat .The prevalence , causes and risk factors , pathological changes , clinical characteristics , main treatment methods , and curative effects of lumbar disc herniation in juveniles were summarized in this review , for benefiting clinical diagnosis and treatment .

In the span of the interactions between cells and biomaterials, cell adhesion is the first biological behavior which has important effects on the following biological behaviors including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. So how to improve cell adhesion of biomaterials has become an important subject of tissue engi- neering. One of the popular methods is the surface modification of biomaterials. This article reviews the development of the research on the surface modification of biomaterials for improving cell adhesion.

This article gives insights into a series of research on the purpose, significance, system, execution and as-sessment of Medical Humanities Curriculums, based on the problems of the existing medical education. The MedicalHumanities Curriculums are divided into three major groups: the fundamental, the comprehensive and the practical,detailedly reasoned by their contents and functions.[

Objective To investigate the association between left ventricular diastolic function and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred and two patients with type 2 diabetes( diabetic group),and 126 non-diabetic patients( control group) were selected from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013 in the Beijing Military General Hospital. The clinical features were recorded and free blood glucose (FBG ),blood lipids were measured. Cardio ankle vascular index( CAVI ) was measured by VS-1000 arteriosclerosis detector. Ultrasound heartbeat diagram was used to determine the left ventricular diastolic function indexes including the left atrial diameter(LAD),left ventricular early diastolicpeak velocity(E),left ventricular diastolic peak velocity(A),E/ A ratio and E peak deceleration time(EDT). Results The level of LAD,A, EDT,CAVI in diabetic patients were(39. 5 ± 5. 3)mm,(76. 6 ± 13. 5)cm/ s,(206. 6 ± 56. 3)ms,(9. 6 ± 1. 1)respectively,higher than those in control group((34. 4 ± 4. 2)mm,(71. 3 ± 13. 4)cm/ s,(185. 5 ± 34. 4)ms,(8. 5 ± 0. 9)). And E,E/ A level in diabetic group were(56. 6 ± 20. 4)cm/ s and(0. 73 ± 0. 21),significantly lower than the control group((67. 5 ± 16. 4)cm/ s and(0. 96 ± 0. 26)). The differences between the two groups were significant(P = 0. 001,0. 004,0. 002,0. 001,0. 001,0. 001). After adjusting the factors including body mass index and triglyceride,CAVI was negatively correlated with E/ A(r = - 0. 339,P< 0. 05))and positively correlated with EDT(r = 0. 314,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The diabetic patients with lower diastolic function and higher arterial stiffness,and the two factors are negatively correlation.

OBJECTIVE: To establish headspace capillary gas chromatography for the content determination of residual solvents in letrozole, such as chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol. METHODS: Dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol in letrozole were determined by headspace gas chromatography with HP-5 capillary gas chromatography. ECD was applied for chloroform, while FID was applied for the other residual solvents. RESULTS: The liner ranges of chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol were 1.028～10.28 mg?L-1(r=0.999 9), 94.68～946.8 mg?L-1 (r=0.999 7), 94.64～946.4 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7), 110.64～1 106.4 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7), 15.12～151.2 mg?L-1(r=0.999 6), 116.48～1 164.8 mg?L-1(r=0.999 5), respectively. The average recoveries of the residual organic solvents ranged from 97% to 102%. The detection limits were 20～90 ?g?L-1. The residual levels of the six organic solvents in three batches of samples were all up to the standard stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopeia. CONCLUSIONS: The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and reliable for the content determination of residual organic solvents in letrozole.

Objective To investigate the correlation of short-term systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) with esti?mated glomeruar filtration rate (eGFR) in the elderly. Methods In physical examination for the third time of kailuan group, the method of cluster sampling was used to collect randomly retired employees, age≥60 in kailuan group. The 24-hour am?bulatory blood pressure monitoring was given to these objects. Finally, 1 405 participants with integral data were recruited in?to the survey. SBPV indices were standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SD), variability independent of the mean (VIM), maximum-minimum difference (MMD), and average real variability (ARV). Multivariate stepwise linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of short-term SBPV on eGFR. Results (1) Among 1 405 participants (67.16 ± 5.82) years, 933 individuals (66.4%) were male and 472 (33.6%) were female. (2) Study population were divided into four groups based on the 24-hour mean SBP, daytime mean SBP, night time mean SBP (group 1:mean SBP<120 mmHg, group 2:120≤mean SBP<140 mmHg, group 3:140≤mean SBP<160 mmHg, group 4:mean SBP≥160 mmHg), respectively. Values of SD, MMD and ARV, but not VIM were increased with increased mean SBP. (3) The participants were grouped according to the median SBPV with between-group comparison of the eGFR. The average eGFR levels were lower in the high 24-hour SB?PV group (SD, VIM, MMD and ARV), day-time SBPV group (SD, VIM, MMD and ARV) and night-time SBPV group (SD, MMD and ARV) than those in the low SBPV groups (P<0.05). (4) Multivariate stepwise linear regression showed that eGFR increased with 3 indices of 24-hour SBPV (SD, MMD and ARV) and 2 indices of day-time SBPV (MMD and ARV) but not for night-time SBPV (β=-0.07,-0.11,-0.07,-0.12 and-0.07, respectively). Conclusion There is a certain degree of asso?ciation between short-term SBPV indices and eGFR.

Objective To investigate the value of the new method with bilateral lip mueosa flaps for central defect reconstruction of upper-lip vermilion. Methods On both sides of the central defect of upper lip vermilion, reverse triangular flaps was designed below the junction between vermilion and mucosal. These two flaps had the common pedicle of vermilion depression site. Incisions of "(λ)" shape were de-signed below the defect area and the flaps included mucosa and submucous tissue. This mueosa flaps were raised and orbicularis otis muscles under the flaps were free moderately. Bilateral orbicularis oris muscles were sutured under the common pedicle of the two mucosa flaps. Then the bilateral mucosa flaps were ro-tated down 90° and inserted into the " (λ)" shape incisions to increase the tissue volume of the middle upper lip and deepen the labiogingival sulcus. The common pediele of the bilateral mucosa flaps was formed to the vermilion tubercle and then the incisions were sutured layer by layer. Results The technique was per-formed on 26 patients including 18 cases of upper-lip vermilion defect after repair of bilateral cleft lip,4 ca-ses of upper-lip vermilion defect after repair of unilateral cleft lip and 4 cases of congenital malformation. All the lip mucosa flaps survived completely without any complications. The vermilion, tubercle and shape of the lips were satisfactory after all cases were repaired and all incision scars were concealed. Con-clusions Using the lip mucosa flaps transfer to repair vermilion defect with the same tissue can obtain satisfactory appearance. The lip mucosa flaps are ideal for repairing of the lip vermilion defect and recove-ring of the profile of labial arch and vermilion tubercle. It can be used widely in any cases with the central defect of upper lip vermilion.