Objective To investigate the effect of preventive antidepressants application on the prognosis of and serum brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) level in acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods One hundred and forty-one patients with ACI were prospectively and randomly selected.Seventy-two cases in the intervention group was added with sertraline for 12 weeks on the basis of the routine therapy,while 69 cases in the control group only used the routine therapy.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the nervous function impairment degree and daily living ability.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 was used to evaluate the emotion after stroke.The cognition function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).The BDNF level was detected by using the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The NIHSS and HAMD scores after 3-month treatment were (1.77±0.58)points and (5.43±1.77)points in the intervention group,and (4.06±0.79)points and(10.27±3.78)points in the control group,which were significantly decreased compared with before treatment(P＜0.05);the BI value in the intervention group and control group were (96.24±4.58) and (77.64±6.96),which weresignificantly increased compared with before treatment (P＜0.05),and serum BDNF levels were (8.38±0.74)ng/mL and (5.72 ±0.67)ng/mL respectively,which were significantly increased compared with before treatment,moreover the change in the intervention group was more obvious than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The MMSE score had no statistical difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The PSD occurrence rate was 10.0％ in the intervention group,which was significantly decreased compared with 53.6％ in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Preventive antidepressants application in the patients with ACI can increase the serum BDNF level,improves the prognosis and is worth promotion and application.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on acute and chronic inflammation ofHuamoyan Granules(HMYG).Methods KM mice and SD rats were randomly divided into model group, ibuprofen group and HMYG high, middle and low three dosages groups. The Ibuprofen group was administrated drug by gavage, mice 0.13 g/kg and rats 0.093 g/kg. The HMYG groups were administrated orally, mice 12, 6 and 3g/kg, rats 4, 4.2 and 2.1 g/kg. The model group was given the same volume distilled water, once a day, 3 or 10 continuous days. The increased permeability of mice abdominal capillary was induced by acetic acid, edema of rat hind paw was induced by albumen and carrageenin, which both were adopted to observe the acute anti-inflammatory effects; and cotton pellet granuloma was to observe the chronic anti- inflammation effects of HMYG.Results Compared with the model group, the ibuprofen group, the HMYG high and middle group showed anti-inflammatory actions of mice induced by acetic acid (0.185 ± 0.046, 0.177 ± 0.055, 0.190 ± 0.052vs. 0.246 ± 0.050,P<0.05 orP<0.01); after 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hrs inflammation, HMYG high dosage group had significant inhibition for the edema of rats hind paw induced byalbumen model, the inhibitory rate was 22.46%, 19.20% and 24.32%, 33.75%, 24.19%; 4 and 6 hrs after inflammation, HMYG high dosage group could reduce rats paw edema induced by carrageenin, the inhibitory rate was 32.05%, 30.56% and 19.23%, 20.83%.Conclusion HMYG has evident anti-inflammatory effects on acute inflammation.

Objective:To investigate clinical efficacy of conformal sphincter preservation operation (CSPO) versus intersphincteric resection (ISR) in the treatment of low rectal cancer.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 183 patients with low rectal cancer who were admitted to two medical centers (117 in the Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University and 66 in the Huashan Hospital of Fudan University) from August 2011 to April 2020 were collected. There were 110 males and 73 females, aged (57±11)years. Of 183 patients, 117 cases undergoing CSPO were allocated into CSPO group, and 66 cases undergoing ISR were allocated into ISR group, respectively. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations of patients with low rectal cancer in the two groups; (2) postoperative complications of patients with low rectal cancer in the two groups; (3) follow-up; (4) influencing factors for prognosis of patients with low rectal cancer; (5) influencing factors for satisfaction with the anal function of patients with low rectal cancer. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination, questionnaire and telephone interview to determine local recurrence, distal metastasis, survival, stomal closure, satisfaction with the anal function of patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the rank sum test.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves, and life table method was used to calculate survival rates. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate analysis was performed using the linear regression. Variables with P<0.10 in the univariate linear regression analysis were included for multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the COX stepwise regression model and linear regression analysis. Results:(1) Surgical situations of patients with low rectal cancer in the two groups: cases with laparoscopic surgery, operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, distance from tumor to distal margin, cases with postoperative chemotherapy, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 44, (165±54)minutes, (142±101)mL, (0.6±0.4)cm, 76, (6.6±2.5)days for the CSPO group, respectively, versus 55, (268±101)minutes, (91±85)mL, (1.9±0.6)cm, 9, (7.9±4.7)days for the ISR group, showing significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=35.531, t=8.995, -3.437, -3.088, χ2=44.681, t=2.267, P<0.05). (2) Postoperative complications of patients with low rectal cancer in the two groups: 19 patients in the CSPO group had complications. There were 6 cases with grade Ⅰ complications, 12 cases with grade Ⅱ complications, 1 case with grade Ⅲb complication. Fourteen patients in the ISR group had complications. There were 4 cases with grade Ⅰ complications, 7 cases with grade Ⅱ complications, 1 case with grade Ⅲa complication, 2 cases with grade Ⅲb complications. There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications between the two groups ( χ2=0.706, P>0.05). Patients with complications in the two groups were improved after symptomatic and supportive treatment. There was no perioperative death in the postoperative 30 days of the two groups. (3) Follow-up: 183 patients received follow-up. Patients of the CSPO group and ISR group were followed up for (41±27)months and (37±19)months, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( t=-1.104, P>0.05). There were 2 cases with local recurrence and 9 cases with distal metastasis of the CSPO group, respectively, versus 3 cases and 4 cases of the ISR group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=1.277, 0.170, P>0.05). The 3-year disease-free survival rate and 3-year total survival rate were 84.0% and 99.0% for the CSPO group, versus 88.6% and 92.8% for the ISR group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.218, 0.002, P>0.05). The stomal closure rate was 92.16%(94/102) and 96.97%(64/66) for 102 patients of CSPO group and 66 patients of ISR group up to postoperative 12 months,respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=1.658, P>0.05). Of the 8 cases without stomal closure in the CSPO group, 2 cases refused due to advanced age, 4 cases subjectively refused, and 2 cases were irreducible due to scar caused by radiotherapy. Two cases in the ISR group had no stomal closure including 1 case of postoperative liver metastasis and 1 case of subjective refusal. There were 92 and 61 patients followed up to 12 months after stomal closure, of which 75 cases and 38 cases completed questionnaires of satisfaction with the anal function. The satisfaction score with the anal function was 6.8±2.8 and 5.4±3.0 for CSPO group and ISR group, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( t=-2.542, P<0.05). Fifty-four cases in the CSPO group and 21 cases in the ISR group had satisfaction score with the anal function >5, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=3.165, P>0.05). (4) Influencing factors for prognosis of patients with low rectal cancer: results of COX stepwise regression analysis showed that gender and pT staging were independent influencing factors for disease-free survival rate of patients with low rectal cancer ( hazard ratio=2.883, 1.963, 95% confidence interval as 1.090 to 7.622, 1.129 to 3.413, P<0.05). Gender and pT staging were independent influencing factors for total survival rate of patients with low rectal cancer ( hazard ratio=10.963,3.187, 95% confidence interval as 1.292 to 93.063, 1.240 to 8.188, P<0.05). (5) Influencing factors for satisfaction with the anal function of patients with low rectal cancer: results of univariate analysis showed that surgical method and tumor differentiation degree were related factors for satisfaction with the anal function of patients with low rectal cancer (partial regression coefficient=1.464, -1.580, 95% confidence interval as 0.323 to 2.605, -2.950 to -0.209, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that surgical method, tumor differentiation degree and preoperative radiotherapy were independent influencing factors for satisfaction with the anal function of patients with low rectal cancer (partial regression coefficient=1.637, -1.456, -1.668, 95% confidence interval as 0.485 to 2.788, -2.796 to -0.116, -2.888 to -0.447, P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with ISR, CSPO can safely preserve the anus in the treatment of low rectal cancer, without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications, which can also guarantee the oncological safety and improve the postoperative anal function.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of parents′ self-assessment of dental caries status of their children and to explore the relevant factors affecting accuracy. Methods: A total of 329 children in kindergarten of Science and Technology Research Institute of China Petroleum Corporation and their parents were recruited by convenience sampling method. The parents assessed their children's dental caries status and completed a questionnaire, and then children were examined by the dentists. The difference between parents and dentists′ the assessment of children's dental caries status and relevant influencing factors were analyzed. Results: 51.06%(168/329) of the parents did not agree with the doctor's diagnosis in the assessment of children's caries. The rate of parents' missed diagnosis was 94.12%. Logistic regression analysis showed that 'children brush teeth everyday' (OR value was 2.919), 'parents can help children brush their teeth' (OR value was 2.670), 'parents can check results after children brushing their teeth '(OR value was 4.508), and 'children received the treatment of dental caries' (OR value was 1.768) were significant influencing factors of parents' assessment accuracy (P<0.01). Conclusions The accuracy of parents' assessment of children′s dental caries status is low, and it is related to many factors. Attention should be paid to the implementation of oral heath behavior during oral health education, and parents' capacity of assessing children caries should be improved.

Objective To compare the clinicopathological characteristics between primary and contralateral cancers in patients with metachronous bilateral breast cancer (MBBC) who carried a BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant. Methods A total of 496 BRCA1/2 carriers with primary unilateral breast cancer were included (196 with BRCA1 and 300 with BRCA2). Clinicopathological information of patients was collected, and the median follow-up for the entire cohort was 10.4 years (0.4-20.8 years). Results Among all patients, 31 (15.8%) of the 196 BRCA1 carriers and 49 (16.3%) of the 300 BRCA2 carriers had MBBC, respectively. Among the 31 BRCA1 carriers who developed MBBC, the proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in primary cancer and contralateral cancer was 61.3% and 67.7%, respectively. If the primary cancer of BRCA1-mutated MBBC was TNBC, the probability of the contralateral breast cancer with TNBC was 89.5% (17/19), which was significantly higher than that if the primary cancer was non-TNBC (33.3%, 4/12) (P=0.004). Among the 49 BRCA2 carriers who developed MBBC, the predominant molecular phenotype of the primary and contralateral cancers was HR+ & HER2- (77.6% and 67.3%, respectively; P=0.53). Conclusion Approximately 60% of BRCA1 carriers exhibit TNBC. If a BRCA1 carrier with a TNBC primary breast cancer had an MBBC, the probability of the contralateral breast cancer being TNBC phenotype is almost 89.5%.

Objective:To introduce the surgical method of Ortho-Bridge system (OBS) in the treatment of distal femoral fractures in elderly patients and investigate its clinical effect.Methods:From January 2018 to July 2021, 24 elderly patients who suffered distal femoral fractures were treated with bilateral OBS. There were 8 males and 16 females aging from 62 to 87 years, with an average age of 72.6 years. It included 15 cases of simple distal femoral fractures. According to AO classification, there were one case of A1, two of A2, five of A3, two of C1, three of C2 and two of C3. Nine cases of femoral periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were classified as type II according to rorabeck's classification. After operation, all patients were guided to perform knee joint functional exercise and to measure the range of motion of the knee joint. Then imaging examinations were used to evaluate the fracture healing and measure the femoral-tibial and femoral angles. The American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee joint scoring system was used to evaluate the knee function.Results:All 24 patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was 84-115 min, with an average of 96.6 min; the intraoperative blood loss was 150-335 ml, with an average of 240 ml. All patients were followed up for 8-17 months, with an average of 13.6 months. Except for 1 case of nonunion due to few primary bone grafts, which required secondary bone grafting, the other 23 cases achieved bone union. The healing time was 3.5-6 months, with an average of 4.6 months. At 1, 3, and 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up, the flexion angles of knee were 92.2°±10.2°, 98.6°±13.3°, 106.4°±13.7°, 115.7°±15.3°, and the extension angles were -4.7°±4.1°, -1.2°±4.2°, 0.7°±4.5°, 1.8°±4.6°, respectively; and all differences were statistically significant ( F=17.03 and 12.68, P<0.001). The knee flexion and extension angles at the last follow-up were greater than 1, 3, and 6 months after operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). The femoral-tibial angle was 171.2°±2.4° and 170.7°±3.2°, and the femoral angle was 80.3°±1.7° and 79.6°±2.1°, respectively, at the immediate postoperative and last follow-up, with no significant difference. The HSS scores at 1, 3, 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up were 71.5±7.5, 74.6± 9.3, 78.9±10.4 and 84.7±9.4 respectively, with significant difference ( F=9.17, P<0.001). At the last follow-up, the HSS score was higher than that at 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001), and the knee function was evaluated according to the HSS scoring system: excellent in 12 cases, good in 9, fair in 3, with an excellent and good rate of 88% (21/24). There was no OBS crack or fixation failure in all patients, and no prosthetic loosening and instability occurred in patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures after TKA. Statistical analysis of the data at the last follow-up between the distal femoral fracture group and the periprosthetic femoral fracture group after TKA showed that the knee flexion function and HSS score of the periprosthetic femoral fracture group after TKA (126.8°±3.7°, 92.2±4.1) were both better than the simple distal femur fracture group (108.9°±15.7°, 80.2±8.8). The difference was statistically significant ( t=4.22, 4.52, P<0.05). One patient had incision fat liquefaction and healed after debridement; bone nonunion occurred in 1 case, which healed after iliac bone grafting. Conclusion:Double OBS has a good clinical effect in the treatment of distal femoral fractures in the elderly, especially in patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures after TKA.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of stratified management of cardiovascular diseases risk in community population based on China-PAR.Methods:It was a single arm study. Beijing Jiaotong University faculty and staff who participated in annual health check-up from 2019 to 2021 and met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The general data, physical examination and laboratory test results, including age, residence region, waist circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),blood pressure (BP), taking antihypertensive drugs,diabetes, family history of cardiovascular diseases,were collected. Participants were stratified according to China-PAR assessment model and then stratified management was carried out. For low-risk populations, family doctors provided online guidance or outpatient follow-up if necessary after their first interview. For middle and high-risk groups, outpatient and telephone follow-up were arranged in addition to online guidance. Relevant examinations were completed and drug treatment or adjustment were given by doctors when necessary. Frequency of outpatient follow-up for middle and high-risk groups was different and patients in these two groups were scored again at the end of 2-year follow-up.Results:A total 284 participants were enrolled,197 participants (69.4%) were males with a age of (46.9±8.8) years. Among them, 205 participants (72.2%) were in low-risk group, including 136 males (66.3%), and their 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases was (2.5±0.1)%; 59 participants (20.8%) were in middle-risk group, including 43 males (72.9%), and their 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases was (7.1±0.2)%;20 participants (7.0%) were in high-risk group,including 18 males (90.0%) and their 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases was (14.0±1.1)%. After 2 years follow-up, the proportion of dietary imbalances and alcohol drinking, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose levels and risk score decreased significantly in high risk group ( P<0.05). The proportion of dietary imbalances, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL-C levels decreased significantly in medium risk group ( P<0.05). In high-risk group, 2 participants (10.0%) converted to low-risk, 8 participants (40.0%) converted to middle-risk. In middle-risk group, 5 participants (8.5%) converted to low-risk and 7 participants (11.9%) converted to high-risk. Conclusion:The risk factors and risk stratification of cardiovascular disease in community population can be improved by stratified management based on China-PAR risk assessment model.

BACKGROUNDTraumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is one of the reasons for permanent vision loss. Currently, the clinical practices may not be sufficient for direct assessments and comprehensively determining the location and extent of the patients with optic nerve injury in traumatic optic neuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive option. However, rare reports have found whether the differentdegree of injury of the optic nerve can be detected by manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). This study aimed to explore the efficacy of MEMRI in the visual pathway for different severity of opitic nerve injury in rats.

METHODSThe different injuries of mild, moderate, and heavy damages were created by modified reverse tweezer and were evaluated by counting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and VEP ananlysis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intravitreally injected with 2 l of 25 mmol/L MnCl2, which has been confirmed as a safe injection concentration. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of MEMRI for optic nerve enhancement at different injury levels was measured.

RESULTSThe location of the significantly decreased signal point on optic nerve (ON) was corresponding to the location we made. However, similar findings are not obvious, or even have not been observed in 28 days in each group and also in 14 days at F100 group, indicating that MEMRI could be directly intuitive positioned in the early stage on the optic nerve injury.

CONCLUSIONSThe possibility of using MEMRI in optic nerve injury in a safe injection concentration of 25 mmol/L is confirmed. Therefore, it is possible to detect the severity of the optic nerve by MEMRI examination.

Animals ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Manganese ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; pathology

Genetic gain-of-function mutations of warm temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channel cause Olmsted syndrome characterized by severe itching and keratoderma, indicating that pharmacological inhibition of TRPV3 may hold promise for therapy of chronic pruritus and skin diseases. However, currently available TRPV3 tool inhibitors are either nonselective or less potent, thus impeding the validation of TRPV3 as therapeutic target. Using whole-cell patch-clamp and single-channel recordings, we report the identification of two natural dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers isochlorogenic acid A (IAA) and isochlorogenic acid B (IAB) that selectively inhibit TRPV3 currents with IC₅₀ values of 2.7 ± 1.3 and 0.9 ± 0.3 μmol/L, respectively, and reduce the channel open probability to 3.7 ± 1.2% and 3.2 ± 1.1% from 26.9 ± 5.5%, respectively. In vivo evaluation confirms that both IAA and IAB significantly reverse the ear swelling of dermatitis and chronic pruritus. Furthermore, the isomer IAB is able to rescue the keratinocyte death induced by TRPV3 agonist carvacrol. Molecular docking combined with site-directed mutations reveals two residues T636 and F666 critical for the binding of the two isomers. Taken together, our identification of isochlorogenic acids A and B that act as specific TRPV3 channel inhibitors and gating modifiers not only provides an essential pharmacological tool for further investigation of the channel pharmacology and pathology, but also holds developmental potential for treatment of dermatitis and chronic pruritus.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.