The key to improve the clinic antimicrobial therapy results is correct diagnosis of infection,pathogens and antibiotic resistance.To deal with increasingly complex pathogens and drug resistance,the clinic and lab should cooperate and communicate as often as possible,improve the level of pathogen diagnosis,interpretate of the microbiological examination report correctly and explore the mechanisms and treatment of antimicrobial resistant pathogens.Besides,they should make full use of the inflammatory markers to further enhance anti-infective levels.

The term "superbugs" refers to microbes with resistance to almost all antibiotics specifically recommended for the treatment. The superbugs disseminating worldwide included methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus ; vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus ;carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacillus. Due to abuse of antibiotics, novel "superbug"emerged gradually, which demands optimizing antibiotic use, reinforcing surveillance of "superbugs" as well as nosocomial infection control.

Objective To elevate the clinical diagnostic and therapic level,and to decrease the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis by liver biopsy.Methods 72 patients with cryptogenetic hepatitis were performed by liver biopsy.The tissue samples were fixed in formalin,sected serial sections,and stained with HE dyeing,Massorn dyeing and HBV antigens immunohistochemical dyeing,parts were stained with cuprum dyeing or staining for glycogen.Results Final diagnosis:There are 19 patients (26.4%) with chronic hepatitis B,12(16.7%) with NASH,4(5.6%) with ASH,3(4.2%) with false hepatitis,2(2.8%) with PBC,1(1.4%) with Willson,s desease,31(43.1%) with cryptogenetic hepatitis.Conclusions The ratios of chronic hepatitis B and NASH were relativly high in cryptogenetic hepatitis;It can elevate the accuracy rating of clinical diagnosis for patients with cryptogenetic hepatitis by liver biopsy.

Through contrasting the relationship of shaoyang and jueyin,to discuss that'jueyin resembling a pivot' is more practical in clinic than'shaoyin resembling a pivot'based on theory of yili,zangfu,meridian,manifestation,root cause,qi,transformation,pathogenesis,therapy and prescription.It's useful for clinic syndrome differentiation by the theory of jueyin resembling a pivot.

This paper will introduce the working principle and technical specification of the hearingaid.Some suggestions are given on how to select and fit an ideal hearing aid。

Objective To analyze the distribution rule of TCM syndromes and syndrome elements in chronic atrophic gastritis with osteoporosis by retrospective study method, and provide evidence for TCM treatment. Methods TCM symptoms, syndromes and syndrome elements of 127 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis with osteoporosis were retrospectively investigated and statistically analyzed. Results The distribution of TCM syndromes in chronic atrophic gastritis with osteoporosis was as follows:there were 51 cases of asthenia syndrome of both qi and yin, accounted for 40.16%;28 cases of yang deficiency syndrome of spleen and kidney, accounted for 22.05%;21 cases of syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis, accounted for 16.54%. The distribution of syndrome elements was:there were 82 cases of qi deficiency, accounted for 64.57%;61 cases of yin deficiency, accounted for 48.03%;28 cases of yang deficiency, accounted for 22.05%;21 cases of blood stasis, accounted for 16.54%;12 cases of qi stagnation, accounted for 9.54%;6 cases of dampness-heat, accounted for 4.72%. Conclusion The basic pathogenesis of chronic atrophic gastritis with osteoporosis is deficiency of both spleen and kidney. Deficiency of kidney is mainly qi deficiency, yin deficiency, yang deficiency, or even deficiency of both yin and yang. Reinforcing spleen and kidney is the important principle of treatment.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of aligned needling in treating cough in kids.MethodTotally 113 kids with cough were randomized into two groups. Fifty-sixkids in the treatment group were intervened by aligned needling; fifty-seven kids in the control group were by orally takingXiao ErKe Chuan Lingoral fluid.ResultThe total effective rate was 87.5% in the treatment group versus 66.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionAligned needling and orally takingXiao Er Ke Chuan Lingoral fluid both can produce certain efficacies in treating kids’ cough, while the total effective rate of aligned needling is significantly higher.

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( CA-MRSA ) has been increasingly frequently isolated from patients worldwide, and is an emerging threat to public health.CA-MRSA strains differ from hospital-acquired MRSA strains in their epidemiologies, clinical features and genetic backgrounds, and the predominant CA-MRSA strains vary between geographic settings.This paper reviews literatures on the definition, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and virulent factors of CA-MRSA or CA-MRSA infection, and points out that we should further promote studies on epidemiology, molecular genetic properties of CA-MRSA and clinical management of CA-MRSA infection.

Purpose To study the diagnostic value of imprint cytology and to improve the accuracy of the rapid diagnosis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) during the operation of breast cancer.Methods 169 SLNs during 67 operations of breast cancer were detected by both frozen section and imprint cytology, and the results were compared with the histopathological diagnosis of permanent sections.Results Of 169 SLNs, 163 cases were diagnosed correctly with frozen section (163/169, 96.45%); 162 cases were diagnosed correctly with imprint cytology (162/169,95.86%);and 166 cases were diagnosed correctly by combination of imprint cytology and frozen section (166/169,98.22%).Conclusions Combination of imprint cytology and frozen section could increase the accuracy of the rapid diagnosis of SLN in breast cancinoma operation.

Objective To observe the effect of heat stress-induced burst out of reactive oxygen on neuronal apoptosis and investigate pathogenesis of brain damage caused by severe heat stroke.Methods Neurons heat stress model is set up.Control group were incubated at 37 ℃,5%CO2 ,While heat stress group of cells were incubated at 43 ℃for 2 h,then all the cells were further incubated at 37 ℃for different time as indicated.The amounts of ROS were assayed by DCFH staining at 0 h,0.5 h,1 h,2 h after heat stress.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and expression of caspase-3 were determined by westen blotat 0 h、3 h、6 h、12 h after heat stress.In addition,MnTMPyP is the specificscavengers of ROS,which effect on apoptosis is also studied at 12 h after heat stress.Results Compared with control group,amounts of ROS was significant increased at 0 h after heat stress,the burst out of it was at 2 h after heat stress (P<0.05 ).Apoptosis was induced at 3h after heat stress ,it was significant increased at 12 h after heat stress (43.2%,P<0.05 ).The expression of caspase-3 was also significant increased at 12 h after heat stress (P<0.05 ),and its trend was consistent with apoptosis rate trend.In addition,the scavengers MnTMPyP significantly decreased the apoptosis (47.42% to 18.45%, P<0.05 )and expression of caspase-3 at 12 h after heat stress.Conclusions An upstream signaling molecules,ROS could mediate heat stress-induced neuronal apoptosis,but its intermediate mechanism needs for further studies.