0.05). The blood CD + 8 in IBS group was higher than that in control group ( P 0.05). Conclusions The peripheral blood lymphocytes count in IBS was not significantly different from the controls, the number of CD + 3 T lymphocytes was normal in IBS, but CD + 8T lymphocytes was higher, CD + 4 was lower, and CD4/CD8 ratio was decreased in IBS patients as compared with the controls. The results of this study indicated that the patients with diarrhea type IBS might be associated with hypo immunity.

The rapid development of human micro-ecology (human microbiome) in recent years has opened up new medical prospects for revealing the close relationship between microorganism and human health and disease.As the second genome of human,the special relationship between the microorganism and the host and its important function have brought new ethical and social problems,which requires to rethink and reform the existing ethical norms.This paper focused on the seven perspectives of “identity”,ownership,informed consent,risk benefit assessment,privacy,commercialization and public health,and demonstrated the importance to construct the ethics of micro-ecological research,which would enrich and expand the connotation of bioethics in theory and better guarantee the benign development of micro-ecology research in practice.

Objective To study the association of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) promoter region methylation with human esophageal cancer. Methods Promoter region methylation of UCHL1 was dctcctcd by rnethylation specific PCR (MSP) in esophageal cancer cell lines and tissue samples.The expression of UCHL1 was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot in esophagcal cancer cell lines.5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) was applied to reactivate methylated cell lines.ResultsComplete methylation of UCHL1 promoter region was detected in 8 cell lincs (KYSE30,KYSE150,KYSE140,KYSE450,KYSE510,TE3,TE7,TE10).Loss of UCHL1 expression was found in7 cell lines ( KYSE30,KYSE150,KYSE140,KYSE450,KYSE510,TE3,TE7).Reduced expression was found in TE10 cell line. Promoter region hypermethylation was correlated with UCHL1 expression in esophageal cancer cell lines.Re-expression of UCHL1 was induced by 5-Aza treatment in KYSE150 and TE3 cell lines.UCHL1 was frequently methylated in human primary esophageal cancer (74.51％,38/51 ),while no methylation was detected in normal esophageal mucosa (0/10). No association was found between promoter region methylation and age,gender,tumor location,tumor stage or lymph node metastasis.Conclusions UCHL1is silenced by promoter region hypermethylation in human esophageal cancer.Methylation of UCHL1 is frequently happened to primary esophageal cancer and may play an important role in the tumorigenesis.

Objective To study the effects of internal and external biliary drainage on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression of Kupffer cells and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in rats with obstructive jaundice. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to obstructive jaundice (OJ), sham operation (SH), internal biliary drainage (ID) and external biliary drainage (ED) groups with 12 each. Kupffer cells were isolated by in situ hepatic perfusion and digestion with collagenase type Ⅳ, and purified by cell culture attachment. The expression of iNOS mRNA of Kupffer cells was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the serum TNF-α concentration was measured using ELISA method. Results The serum TNF-α level was increased in OJ group[ (110.84±26.3) pg/ml ]compared with SH group [-(88.4±17.9) pg/ml, (P=0.045)]. The TNF-α level in ID group[ (89.8±28. 3) pg/ml ]was significantly lower than that in ED group[ (118.64±22.7) pg/ml, (P=0. 011) ]and OJ group (P=0. 059). Expression of iNOS mRNA of Kupffer cells was significantly higher in OJ group (0. 824± 0. 24) compared with SH group (0. 384±0.35,P=0. 005). After relieving the OJ, the iNOS mRNA expression in ED group (0. 974± 0.48) was not suppressed (P=0. 321). On the contrary, the iNOS mRNA expression in ID group was suppressed and significantly lower than that in ED group (0. 59±0. 35) (P=0. 016). Conclusions Internal biliary drainage is superior to external drainage in terms of reversing the elevated serum TNF-α and in suppressing the iNOS mRNA expression of Kupffer cells in rats with obstructive jaundice.

Objective To understand the spectroscopic property of AO-H2SO4-KBrO3-naphthol system and the enhanced mechanism of resonance light scattering(RLS),and to develop a method for the determination of trace naphthols in urine.Methods In the dilute H2SO4 medium,naphthols could react with KBrO3 and AO to form ion-association complexes,which produced a new RLS spectrum and resulted in the great enhancement of RLS.The characteristics of RLS spectrum,three-dimensions fluorescence spectrum,absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum and the optimum conditions of reaction were studied.Results The enhanced intensity of RLS was 468 nm.The linear range was at 1.41?10-7-2.80?10-5 mol/L for ?-naphthol,1.28?10-7-3.00?10-5 mol/L for ?-naphthol.The relative coefficient and the limits were 0.999 6 and 0.422?10-7 mol/L,0.999 3 and 0.385?10-7 mol/L for ?-naphthol and ?-naphthol,respectively.The urine samples analysis of the relative standard deviation was 4.8%-7.3% and the average recovery rate was 90.7%(n=6).Conclusion This method is sensitive,simple,rapid and applicable to the determination of trace naphthols in human urine.

Objective To study a new endoscopic technique, double-balloon enteroscopy on its efficiency and indication of examining small intestinal diseases. Methods Thirteen patients suspected to suffer from small intestinal disease received double-balloon enteroscopy. By pumping the two balloons to grip the small intestinal walls, the enteroscope can be inserted further without forming redundant loops in the small intestine. Eight patients undergoing these procedures received a combination of sedative drugs and anisodam-ine intravenously. Results Nineteen procedures were performed in 13 patients, among them 8 patients were performed through anus and 11 patients through mouth. The enteroscope reached the 3th - 6th group small intestine through mouth or anus in average 80 minutes for each procedure. Eight positive lesions were detected or diagnosed by the enteroscopy and biopsy. The nausea, mild temporary abdominal pain and liquids effusing from the overtube occurred during examination through the mouth. There were no severe complications such as hemorrhage, perforation occurred. Conclusion The double-balloon enteroscopy is a new safe and controllable endoscopic procedure for those small intestinal disease patients without severe organ dysfunction and intestinal adhesion, and having the adventages of completing the procedure within 2-3 hours, allowing direct visualization of the entire small intestine, taking biopsy specimens to get pathological diagnosis, and is superior to barium enteroclysis.

Objective To verify and evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution in endoscopy preparation. Methods A multicenter open randomized controlled clinical study of 211 patients taking PEG-4000 electrolyte or mannitol in colonoendoscopy preparation. The overall evaluation of colonic preparation was the primary efficacy criterion. The investigator recorded any adverse event to assess the safety. Results The total effective rate of overall colonic preparation of study group was 92. 45% (98/ 106) , that of mannitol group was 80% (84/105). The study group showed more effective than control group with statistical significance (P = 0.016). The adverse event incidence of study group was 8.49%. There were 6 patients complained of nausea and vomiting, 3 patients showed abnormal laboratory results after administration. All the events relieved in short period and have no influence on examination. There was no serious adverse event in this group. The incidence of adverse event in mannitol group was 14. 29% (15/105 ). Four patients showed gastrointestinal symptoms and 1 showed chest suppression. Abnormal laboratory results were found in 10 patients. There was 1 serious adverse event occurred in control group. The difference between 2 groups had no statistical significance. Conclusion PEG-4000 electrolyte is a safe and effective drug in colonic preparation before clinical colonic examination or surgery.

Crohn disease (CD) is a relatively infrequent disease in China. CD and intestinal tuberculosis (IT) are lack of specific clinical manifestations and are generally identified by endoscopic and histological examination. However, it is sometimes difficulty to distinguish them by endoscopy and histology. Their characteristics were investigated to offer more evidences and data for their differential diagnosis. The records of inpatients were reviewed from 1980～2001 in our hospital, all enrolled subjects were verified by endoscopy(or operation) and histology. The characteristics and key points of differential diagnosis of 28 CD cases and 14 IT cases were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that abdominal pain, mass, and hematochezia occurred more significantly in CD than in IT ﹙ P

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and the treatment of pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) and Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). Method A retrospective study was conducted on 596 cases of acute pancreatitis. Results There were 93 cases of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP),among them encephalopathy was discovered in 10 patients (1.7%). All 6 patients of PE developed in SAP (6.5%);3 patients died (3% of SAP,50% of PE). Four cases of WE developed in AP (0.7%);2 patients died (0.3% of AP,50% of WE). Two patients of WE were treated with parenteral thiamine (vitamin B_ 1 ),and they survived. Conclusions PE occurred in early stage of SAP or recrudescence,while WE usually occurred in convalescent stage of SAP/AP. Long fasting,repeated vomiting,and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without VitB_ 1 were main causes of VitB_ 1 deficiency,which might be the main causative factor in WE.

Objective To study the effects of intragastric ice water stimulation on bowel sensitivity, mast cells (MCs), the serum contents of serotonin (5-HT), leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), histamine(HA)and bradykinin (BK) in rats, and explore the possible pathogenesis of cold drinks-induced irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods 40 Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups. Twenty rats of group A as experimental group were gavaged 0-4℃ ice water for 14 days, and the rats of group C as control group were not treated. On day 28, the group A and group C were again divided into two subgroups, respectively, i.e. A1, A2, C1, and C2. In the rats of subgroups A1 and C1, a balloon was introduced into the rectum of each animal, and number of abdominal withdrawal reflexes (AWR) was recorded after the balloon was distended for 3 minutes to assess bowel sensitivity. One hour after rectal distention, blood sample of each rat was collected from the heart for the measurement of the contents of 5-HT, LTB 4 , HA and BK in serum by enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). Tissues harvested from the ileocecal junction and colon were sectioned and stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) for routine pathological examination, and with the improved toluidine blue method for the identification of MCs. Results The number of AWR to 1.0ml balloon distention in subgroup A 1 was significantly lower than that in subgroup C 1 (P0.05). Routine pathological examination did not show abnormality in both subgroups. In group A 1 , the numbers of MCs in the ileocecal junction and colon were significantly higher than those of group C 1 (P0.05). Conclusion The stimulation of the stomach with ice water results in lowering of bowel sensitivity, increase of MCs and elevation of serum contents of 5-HT, LTB 4 and HA, and the results might imply that cold stimulation of the stomach might play a role in the pathogenesis of IBS.