Totally, 102 general practitioners (GPs) from 40 community health-care service centers in a district of Beijing were investigated for their awareness of diagnosis, treatment and prevention for chronic hepatitis B and evaluating effectiveness of their training with self-designed questionnaire before and after professional training.Before training, higher awareness of knowledge about prevention for hepatitis B had been achieved in GPs, such as "hepatitis C is communicable" (78/102, 76.5% ), "hepatitis B can be prevented by protective antibody" ( 76/102, 74.5% ), whereas only 3.9% ( 4/102 ) of GPs knew indications of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B, 4.9% (5/102) could describe complications of decompensated cirrhosis and 19.6% (20/102) knew methods for screening primary hepatocellular carcinoma.After training, their awareness increased significantly to 93.1% (95/102), 49.0% (50/102)and 86.3% (88/102), respectively (all P ＜0.01 ).Now, GPs' knowledge about diagnosis and treatment for hepatitis B is still insufficient at community health-care centers and professional training can improve their awareness.It is an important assurance for patients with chronic hepatitis B to be better managed in both of specialized hospitals and community health-care centers by enhancing professional training for GPs indiagnosis and treatment for hepatitis B.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of metabolic disorder and the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis.Methods Four hundred and fifty-five patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis were included in the study and divided into hepatitis B related cirrhosis group (LCB group,351 cases) and hepatitis C related cirrhosis group (LCC group,104cases).The prevalence of metabolic disorder was recorded and the characteristics of posthepatitic cirrhosis with MS and without MS were compared and analysed.Results The prevalence of hyperglycemia,hypertension,hyperlipemia,obesity and MS in the posthepatitic cirrhosis patients was 46.59% (212/455),15.16% (69/455),15.38% (70/455),22.64% ( 103/455),12.53% (57/455) respectively.The prevalence of MS in LCB and LCC was 8.26% (29/351) and 26.92% (28/104).The levels of body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose,hypertension,cholesterol,aminotransferase (ALT) in LCB with MS patients were significantly higher than those in LCB without MS patients.There were no differences in the levels of HBeAg and HBV DNA between LCB with MS patients and LCB without MS patients.The levels of BMI,hypertension,triglyceride in LCC with MS patients were significantly higher than those in LCC without MS patients.There were no differences in fasting blood glucose,cholesterol and ALT between LCC with MS patients and LCC without MS patients.Logistic regression revealed that BMI was the independent factor in LCB and LCC with MS.Conclusions The prevalence of hyperglycemia and obesity are higher in LCB and LCC.The incidence rate of MS in LCB is less than that in the general population,while the incidence rate of MS in LCC is significantly higher than that in the general population,and it's nothing to do with the viral replication.BMI is an important factor affected in posthepatitic cirrhosis with MS.

OBJECTIVETo study the optimizal hydrolysis process for C21 steroidal glycoside of Bai Shou Wu by acetic acid.

METHODThe effects of acetic acid concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time had been investigated using orthogonal design and the contents of kidjoranin 3-O-beta-digitoxopyranoside, caudatin, kidjoranin 3-O-alpha-L-diginopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-cymaropyranoside and caudatin 3-O-beta-cymaropyranoside as response indexs were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTThe factors influencing acetic extraction efficiency were as follows: A > B > C (A. reaction temperature; B. reaction time; C. acetic acid concentration). The optimal hydrolysis condition obtained was: refluxing for 6 hours with 5.0% dilute CH3COOH solution at 100 degrees C.

CONCLUSIONThe content of antitumor active ingredients under the optimum hydrolysis condition is raised obviously and has a great part in studying this antitumor drug.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Cynanchum ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Glycosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; drug effects ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the effects of glucocorticoid combined with spleen aminopeptide on immune function and pulmonary function in children with combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS).Methods A total of 166 cases of CARAS were divided into observation group (84 cases) and control group (82 cases),the patients in the control group were treated by nasal inhalation of Budesonide Aerosol,in addition to the treatment of control group the observation group was given spleen aminopeptide oral lyophilized powder for treatment,and two groups were treated continuously for 3 months.The effect of 2 groups of children,and the changes of immune and lung function before and after treatment were compared.Results Rhinitis and asthma were significantly reduced in two groups of children after treatment,and the reductions of the score of rhinitis symptoms and the asthma score in the observation group were more significant than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The humoral immunity index (IgG,IgM and IgA) of the 2 groups increased significantly after treatment.CD3+,CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the cellular immune indexes increased significantly,and CD8+ decreased significantly.The immune indexes in the observation group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05).After treatment,the forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and maximal expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of the 2 groups increased significantly compared with those before treatment,and the degree of increase in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Glucocorticoid combined with spleen aminopeptide could not only improve the symptoms and signs of children with CARAS,but also significantly enhance cellular immunity,humoral immunity and pulmonary function.

Objective To observe the multimodal imaging characteristics of combined hamatoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE).Methods A retrospective case study.From January 2013 to December 2017,6 CHRRPE patients (6 eyes) diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were included in the study.There were 4 males and 2 females,with the mean age of 12.0±8.10 years.There were 5 eyes with BCVA ≤0.1,1 eye with BCVA＞ 1.0.Corneal fluoroscopy showed 1 eye with an external oblique 15°,and the remaining eye had no abnormalities in the anterior segment.All eyes underwent fundus color photography,FAF,FFA,ICGA,OCT and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI).The multimodal imaging characteristics were observed.Results All the affected eyes CHRRPE were located in the posterior pole and showed mild elevation.Most of the retinal neuroepithelial layers had different degrees of hyperplasia,vascular tortuosity and retinal folds.Of the 6 eyes,4 eyes (66.7％) involving the macula and optic disc,only 2 eyes (33.3％) involving the macula.OCT showed that the structure of the neuroepithelial layer was unclear and the signal intensity was uneven;it involved 2 eyes of the whole retina (33.3％) and only 4 eyes of the neuroepithelial layer (66.7％).FFA and ICGA showed that the choroidal background fluorescence of the early lesions was weakened,and the lesions showed slightly weak fluorescence;the late telangiectasia fluorescein was obviously leaked,and the lesions were stained with fluorescence.FAF mainly appears as weak autofluorescence with a small amount of strong autofluorescence.CDFI has no characteristic performance.Conclusions CHRRPE is mainly a membrane-like hyperplasia without angiogenesis,involving the retinal neuroepithelial layer,and may also involve the entire retina.OCT is dominated by strong reflection;AF,FFA and ICGA are mainly weak fluorescence.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mental health condition of primary and middle school students in Changsha and to provide reference for future evaluation or intervention. METHODS: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (the edition for parents) was used to investigate 737 primary and middle school students aged 6-17 in Changsha. RESULTS: The prevalence of difficulty was 14.11%. The males showed higher scores of problem, hyperactivity and impact, while the females scored higher in emotional symptom as well as prosocial behaviors. Students aged 11-13 and 14-17 showed higher scores of total difficulties, peer problems and emotional symptom than those aged 6-10. Apart from higher scores of total difficulties and peer problems, the other scores were similar to the normal scores in China. there was significant difference in the normal scores between china and other countries. CONCLUSION mental health problems have divergent characters in gender and age. This study also highlights the importance of establishing local norms of SDQ and the need for appropriate measures in practical situations.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Schools ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Abstract: Objective　To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the migratory bird population with hypertension in Hainan and to provide a basis for the health management of the migratory bird population. Methods　One hundred and eighty migratory birds with hypertension who had lived in in the Mangrove Bay community of Chengmai, Hainan for 3 months or more were selected as the study population. Demographic data, including gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, medication use, family history of hypertension, hometown living environment, Hainan living environment (presence of water area and greenbelt around the residence, type of water area and greenbelt), smoking and alcohol consumption, and height and weight were collected by questionnaire and physical examination to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the study subjects, and unconditional dichotomous logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting the reduction of blood pressure among the hypertensive migratory bird population before and after taking medication in Hainan. Results　A total of 180 study subjects were included, including 77 (42.8%) males and 103 (57.2%) females, with 78 (43.3%) subjects aged ≤65. The hypertension levels were: 87 (48.3%) had normal high blood pressure, 56 (31.1%) had grade 1 hypertension and 37 (20.6%) had grade 2 hypertension. The higher the blood pressure classification, the lower the percentage of migratory individuals whose blood pressure dropped during their stay in Hainan. Age, hypertension classification, dietary habits, living environment, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption were associated with a decrease in blood pressure during Hainan among the study participants who took hypertension medication regularly. Salty diet (OR=2.778, 95%CI:1.070-7.213, P=0.036) and alcohol consumption (OR=2.686, 95%CI:1.042-6.925, P=0.041) were unfavorable factors for lower diastolic blood pressure before taking medication; overweight (OR=3.487, 95%CI:1.306-9.310, P=0.013) was an unfavorable factor in the reduction of diastolic blood pressure after taking medication. Conclusion　The blood pressure reduction is more significant in migratory individuals in migratory individuals under 65 years old, with a light diet, no alcohol consumption and normal BMI. Environmental factors, age, dietary habits and lifestyle are the main causes of blood pressure, which can provide a reference basis for the health management of the migratory birds with hypertension in Hainan.

OBJECTIVE To study the intervention effect and mechanism of Zhongfeng yure decoction on ischemic stroke model rats. METHODS Totally 85 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline， n＝15）， model control group （normal saline， n＝18）， Nimodipine tablet group （positive control， 10.8 mg/kg， n＝18）， high-dose group of Zhongfeng yure decoction （20.52 g/kg， n＝17） and low-dose group of Zhongfeng yure decoction （5.13 g/kg， n＝17）， respectively. After 7 days of preventive continuous administration （once a day）， except for the sham operation group， the rats’ middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） model was established by the modified suture method in other groups. After modeling， the rats in each group continued to be administered for 3 days. During experiment， general condition of the rats was observed， and the neurological function score was performed. After the last administration， the organ index was calculated， the cerebral infarction area and pathological changes of brain tissue were observed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin 6 （IL-6） in brain tissue and serum， and the average optical density value of caspase-3 and phosphorylated protein kinase B（p-AKT） protein in brain tissue were detected. RESULTS Three days after modeling， compared with sham operation group， the neurological function score， in brain tissue index， spleen tissue index， proportion of cerebral infarction area， the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in brain tissue and serum， and the average optical density value of caspase-3 protein in brain tissue were significantly increased in the model control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； karyopyknosis， diffuse edema and other lesions appeared in brain tissue. Compared with the model control group， the above indexes in each administration group were improved to varying degrees. Among them， there were significant regression in brain tissue index， spleen tissue index， proportion of cerebral infarction area， TNF-α level in brain tissue and serum， and the average optical density values of caspase-3 protein and p-AKT protein in brain tissue of rats in high-dose group of Zhongfeng yure decoction （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Zhongfeng yure decoction has a certain intervention and therapeutic effect on MCAO model rats. The mechanism may be to reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6， down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 protein in ischemic brain tissue， up-regulate the expression of p-AKT protein， so as to protect the neurons.

Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Macaca mulatta ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccines