Papers on electronic health record ( EHR) were retrieved from CNKI core journals database and CNKI patents full-text database.The papers on HER and patent literature were comparatively analyzed by co-words clus-tering analysis, which showed that technologies used in community health service, remote medical treatment, HL7 and XML are the promise technologies used in EHR.

The research hot spots and development in domestic neurology were analyzed by co-words analysis, visual analysis and the combination of them, which showed that the co-occurrence relation between high frequency words could display the structure and hot spots of subject headings in neurology, analysis of the cluster evolution and position could dynamically reveal the hot spots and development in neurology, and comprehensive analysis of words and their classes could directly and overall demonstrate the hot spots and development in neurology.

After a description of the previous methods used in detecting research fronts and their problems, the methods to detect scientific funds-supported research fronts using sliding window were proposed .The research fronts in oncology were detected using the optimal clustering algorithms, which showed that the clustering effect of agglomerative algorithm was excellent on research fronts in oncology .The data in 4 sliding windows were analyzed by co-words clustering analysis to reveal the research fronts and their evolution rules in oncology .

Mitral effective regurgitant orifice area was measured by using color Doppler flow convergenee method,and its value on quantilarian of mitral insufficiency Was evaluated.The results showed that the parameter was correlated well with regurgitant volume,regurgitant fraction,color Doppler jet beginning width and jet area(r=0.89、0.84、0.82 and 0.67 respectively,P<0.001～0,0001).The accurate rate in differentiating mild and moderate from severe mitral regurgitation was 95.7% with the effective regurgitant orifice area≥30mm2.The effective regurgitant orifie area is a good parameter in quantification of naitral insufficiency.

The value of flow convergence and jet parameters in quantification of mitral regurgitation was estimated.The resultS showed that there were excellent correlations between mitral regurgitant flow convergence volume and mitral regurgitant volume,regurgitant fraction(r=0.87～0.93,P<0.0001).The correlations between jet parameters and regurgtant volume,regurgitant fraction were different,jet beginning width:r=0.88 and 0.81(P<0.0001),jet area : r=0.72 and O.50 and 0.61(P<0.05)and the ratio of jet area to left atrial area:r=0.27 and 0.29(P>0.05).The accurate rates of regurgitant flow convergence volume and jet beginning width in differentiating the grades of mitral regurgitation were 91.3～95.7%and 82.6～95.7%respectively.Mitrai regurgitant flow convergence volume is an accurate and reliable parameter in the quantification of mitral regurgitation.Jet parameters are of relative value in semiquantitation of mitral regurgitation,especially the jet beginning width.

Flow convergence is a new method of color Doppler flow quantification.The effect of instrumental settings on flow convergence was investigated in an in-vitro model.The result showed that the flow convergence volume increased from 1.67±1.01 l/min to 2.20±1.35～2.30±1.43 l/min(P< 0.0001)when aliasing limit(same concept as Nyquist frequency)was changed from 23 cm/s to 12cm/s. There was no significant effect on flow convergence volume with the change of other instrumental settings,including Color gain,frame frequency,paket size,transmit power,transducer frequency,etc. Color Doppler flow convergence is influenced by aliasing limit.mainly because that the isovelocity surfaces in acceleration region developed by different aliasing limits are not always in the shape of hemisphere.The result suggested that besides the selection of aliasing limit fits to a hemispherical isovelocity surface,flow convergence is rarely affected by the other instrumental settings,and therefore is a relatively stable parameter of flow quantification.

Objective To study the characteristics of calcific valvular heart disease (CVHD) with the aid of echocardiography. Methods Nine thousand and seventeen patients over 50 year-old who had received transthoracic echocardiographic examination were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis of CVHD was made with 2 dimension, M-mode and color Doppler echocardiography. General state of health, clinical manifestation and history of CVHD patients were also analyzed. Results Five hundred and seventy-four cases of CVHD were diagnosed and the characteristics of CVHD were observed. The diagnostic rate increased as the age increased. There was no significant difference between male and female. The calcified regions were commoner in aortic valves than in mitral valves, more frequent in non-coronary valves than in right or left coronary valves, and more frequently seen at tips of aortic valves and annuli of mitral valves than in other parts. The size of calcific plaques was usually between 3 and 10mm. Hemodynamic changes could be found in some patients. History of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and arteriosclerosis of the aorta were often found in these patients. Conclusions Echocardiography can be used to evaluate the position of calcification, size of calcification area, and degree of valvular stenosis or insufficiency, thus offers useful information for early diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of CVHD in clinic.

OBJECTIVE To approach to the point of clinical diagnosis and treatment in patients with Chryseobacterium meningosepticum(CM) infection,and test the high sensitivey antibiotic in order to provide evidence for clinical rational drug utilization.METHODS We had retrospectively analyzed the 36 clinical infections with CM during 2003.A microdilution broth method was used to detect the C.meningosepticum MIC and metallo-?-(lactamases-)production.RESULTS C.meningosepticum infections related to the critical underlying diseases,old age,stay in hospital,nosocomial infections and broad spectrum antibiotics use.Metallo-?-lactamases-producing accounted for 100% in all CM isolates.CM were susceptible or partly susceptible to VAN,CTX/CA,PIP/SU,CFP/SU,PIP,CIA,PIP which were 100%,100%,91.7%,88.9%,86.1%,72.2%,and 44.4%,respectively.The(susceptibility) to other 21 kinds of antimicrobials were in 8.3%.CONCLUSIONS CM is multi-drug resistant.The main risk factors of CM infection are old age,long-term in hospital,critical underlying disease,and decreased immunological function.VAN,CTX/CA,PIP/SU, CFP/SU,PIP,CIA,and PIP are the effective antibiotics(against) CM.

Objective To isolate,culture and identify epidermal stem cells(ESCs).The gene of enhanced green fluorescent protein(eGFP) was introduced via recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV) infection into the epidermal stem cells in vitro and the transfection efficiency under various tite of culture was determined. Methods 1.Getting fetal Wistar rats'dissociated single epidermal cells.2.Making laminin and CollagenⅣ the substitution of basal memrane,ESCs were isolated by adhering to murine laminin and CollagenⅣ.3.Epidermal stem cells were cultured in twenty-four-well plate,and cells number was controled 5?10~4 or so.After epidermal stem cells adhered to plate,diluted rAAV_2/eGFP virus fluid with serum-free medium.The diluted rAAV_2/eGFP virus fluid was added to the twenty-four-well plate according to the different MOI(viru gene/cells).The number of green fluorescence cells were counted under fluorescence microscope.The transfection efficiency was determined. Results 1.ESCs had better adhesive ability to laminin and higher colony formation efficiency(CFE) than that of keratinocytes.2.ESCs wer strongly positive with immunocytochemical staining of integrin ?1 and keration 19(K19).3.After rAAV_2/eGFP genetic transfection of ESCs,the positive cloning expressed highly eGFP gene along with time.Conclusion 1.These results suggest that rats'epidermal stem cells could been successfully isolated and enriched in vitro by means of rapid adherence to laminin and CollagenⅣ.After rAAV_2/eGFP genetic transfection of epidermal stem cells,the positive cloning expressed highly eGFP gene stably along with time.

Objective To study the ultrasound-guided treatment by real-time biplane imaging in animals and patients. Methods In 6 dogs gallbladders were substituted as hepatic cysts. The shapes of gallbladders and spatial positions of needle tips in gallbladders were studied by real-time biplane imaging before and during treatments. During treatments of 3 renal cysts the changes of cysts and the spatial relations between needle tips and renal cysts were observed to confirm that the needle tips were always in the cysts. In 2 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma boiloff of the tissue around the antenna was observed by real-time biplane imaging during microwave coagulation. Results It was rapid and convenient to acquire the shape information of objects and locate the position of puncture by real-time biplane imaging. And it was more convenient to observe the spatial relation between needle tips and objects of treatment than by conventional single-plane imaging. Conclusions The method of real-time biplane imaging has great advantages in ultrasound-guided treatment.