Objective To investigate the incidence of target organ damage in prehypertensive. Methods Two hundred and seventy-eight prehypertensive cases (prehypertensive group) and 136 normotensive cases(normotensive group) were involved in this study. The blood pressure,body height,weight and waist circumference were measured. Serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN),uric acid(UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and morning urine albumin concentration were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque index (PI) were examined by ultrasonography. The incidence rates of plaque, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), relative wall thickness (RWT), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Results The proportion of ≥ 1, ≥2 and ≥3 kinds of risk factors was 71.9% (200/278),40.6%(113/278) and 13.7%(38/278) in prehypertensive group and 30.1%(41/136), 13.2% (18/136) and 5.9%(8/136) in normotensive group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05). Compared with normotensive group, the age,systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, FBG, waist, BMI, morning urine albumin, TG,TC,UA,LDL-C,IVST,LVPWT,RWT,LVMI,IMT,PI were higher, meanwhile the incidence rate of concentric reconstruction of left ventricular, concentric hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy and carotid plaque was higher, and the incidence rate of left ventricular normal configuration and GFR was lower (P＜0.01 or ＜0.05). Conclusion People with prehypertensive may accompany with many kinds of cardiovascular risk factors, and the incidence rate of target organ damage is significantly increased.

Objective To develop the public mood scale and test its reliability and validity,and explore the components construct of the public mood.Methods 423 college students responded to the inventory.Correlation analysis,exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the data analysis.Results Public mood scale was consisted of two dimensions,positive emotions and negative emotions.Factor analysis indicated that the two factors explain 61.3％ of the variance with factor loading ranging from 0.68 to 0.86;The Cronbach' s coefficients of positive and negative public mood were 0.81 and 0.76 respectively; Conffirmatory factor analysis indicated that the public mood scale had ideal structure validity.Joint factor analysis showed that public mood and personal mood were separated.Positive public mood had positive correlations with Big Five personalities,which were extraversion,agreeableness,responsibility and openness (r =0.22-0.33,P＜ 0.01),negative correlation was found between neuroticism and positive public mood(r=-0.25,P＜0.01).Positive public mood had significant positive correlation with government satisfaction,economic development confidence and social stability(r=0.34-0.45,P＜0.01),while they had significant negative correlations with negative public mood (r =-0.32--0.24,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion The public mood scale obtained in the present study has ideal validities and reliabilities and it is suitable to assess the public mood.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of kaolin intake amount as an index for motion sickness (MS)induced by different motion patterns stimulating the vestibular receptors of rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups.Three groups were subjected to one of the following stimulations,respectively-linear acceleration along either the interaural axis(IA)or body axis (AP),and double rotation(DR)stimulation.Other 2 groups were used as control.Kaolin intake was recorded for consecutive 6 d,3 d before and 3 d after stimulation,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results It was found that:1)following IA,AP and DR stimulations,25%,17% and 58% of the rats in each group increased mean kaolin intake by 1 g in the 3 d phase post-stimulation compared with that in the same duration of pre-stimulation,respectively;2)in contrast to some prewous reports,the present observation showed that high Ievel of kaolin intake post-stimulation may persist for more than one day.Conclusion All 3 tvpes of stimulation methods can serve as ways of specifically stimulating vestibular end-organs to induce kaolin intake increase,and double rotation iS the most effective.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora in infants with different feeding patterns.Methods Sixty-two cases of health infants(30-120 d)were divided into 4 groups according to their feeding patterns:breast feeding,imported powder milk feeding,domestic powder milk feeding and mixed feeding.Samples of their fresh feces in each group were collected and divided into sections equally:the bifidobacteria were isolated in anaerobic box and the number was counted for one section;for the other section,total DNA of intestinal flora was extracted and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) fingerprints were amplified with the method of ERIC-PCR.After that,the specific bands observed in different groups were cloned and sequenced and alignmented.Results The colonies of bifidobacteria were more in breast feeding and mixed feeding groups[(9.10 ± 1.33) cfu/g;(8.62 ± 1.35) cfu/g]than those in domestic powder milk feeding and imported powder milk feeding groups[(7.62 ± 1.22) cfu/g;(7.32 ± 0.80) cfu/g,t =3.23,P ＜ 0.05];while there was no significant difference between breast feeding and mixed feeding groups,and between 2 powder milk feeding groups.Two specific bands were found from the ERIC fingerprints (A:1 100 bp mainly in breast feeding,domestic powder milk feeding and mixed feeding groups;B:1 000 bp mainly in imported powder milk feeding group).Sequencing and analysis of Basic Local Alignment Search Tool showed that homologous bacteria of A and B fragments were bifidobacterium longum.The encoding protein of A fragments might be related to the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism,and B fragments were related to the enzymes of protein metabolism.Conclusions The colonies of bifidobacteria in intestinal tract are more in breast feeding and mixed feeding infants than those in formula feeding groups.The distribution of intestinal flora in domestic powder milk feeding infants is more similar to that of the breast feeding infants.

Objective To observe the relationship between 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)-like immunoreactive terminals and the vestibulo-parabrachial nucleus projection neurons which may express 5-HT1A receptor in the vestibular nuclear complex(VNC). Methods Retrograded-tract tracing technique combined with double labeling of immunofluorescence histochemical was used,and the stained sections were observed under a confocal laser-scanning microscope. Results Following injection of tetramethylrhodamine(TMR) into the parabrachial nucleus, many retrogradely labeled neurons were observed bilaterally within VNC,but with an ipsilateral predominance.Immunofluorescence histochemical staining showed that many neurons expressed(5-HT1A) receptor-like immunoreactivity and a large number of 5-HT immunostained fibers or terminals were found in the medial,spinal,superior,lateral vestibular nucleus(MVe,SpVe,SuVe,LVe),X nucleus and Y nucleus.Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed that some TMR-labeled neurons were 5-HT_1AR immunopositive,and some of the cell bodies or dendrites of TMR/5-HT1AR double-labeled neurons were closely apposed by 5-HT-like immunoreactive terminals.Conclusion The present study suggests that 5-HT may modulate vestibular signals along the VNC-parabrachial nucleus pathway via 5-HT1A receptor.

Objective:To clone Fab genes of anti-p185 monoclonal antibody 5E12 and express it in E.coli.Methods:Fd and ? genes were cloned by RT-PCR, inserted into Fab expression vector and expressed in E.coli. The N-terminal sequences of V regions was resumed by PCR mediated mutagenesis. The antigen-binding activity of the Fab were tested by ELISA and immunohistochemistry.Results:Fd and ? genes were cloned and expressed in E.coli. But the bacterially expressed Fab fragments showed no antigen binding activity. After the N-terminal sequences of V regions was corrected to original sequences, the Fab expressed in bacterial was able to target HER2/neu-expressing cells(NIH3T3/erbB-2 cells). Correction of Fd N-terminal sequences could partially resume the antigen binding activity. But correction of ? chain N terminal sequences was shown no expected result.Conclusion:Successful in constructing and expressing anti-p185 Fab, which will benefit the construction of other engineering antibody and humanization of murine anti-p185 McAb. We also found that the V region N terminal changes introduced with PCR primers may affect antigen binding activity seriously, to which more attention should be paid during antibody engineering.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy,safety and the correlation factors of recurrence of radiofrequency catheter ablation in treatment of atrial fibrillation.Methods The clinical data of 127 patients with atrial fibrillation having underwent circumferential pulmonary vein ablation guided by 3-D mapping system were analyzed retrospectively.Then they were followed up for 12 months.The status of patients after ablation and the success rate of ablation was recorded,then the relationship between the factors and the recurrence after ablation of atrial fibrillation was analyzed.Results After a follow up of 12 months,94 patients maintained sinus rhythm,and atrial fibrillation recurred in 33 cases.The first clinical success rate was 74.02％(94/127).Thirty-three patients with recurred atrial fibrillation received ablation again and 11 patients got success.The total clinical success rate was 82.68％ (105/127).The success rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was 88.46％ (92/104) and success rate of persistent atrial fibrillation was 56.52％ (13/23).Univariate analysis showed that the type,the course,the diameters of left atrial,the early recurrence,the body mass index were related to the recurrence of atrial fibrillation,and multivariable Logistic analysis revealed only the type and the diameters of left atrial were independent risk factors responsible for the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Radiofrequency catheter ablation in treatment of atrial fibrillation is effective and safe,and the type and the diameters of left atrial are independent risk factors responsible for the recurrence of atrial fibrillation.

Objective To examine the projection of protein kinase C? isoform(PKC?)\|immunoreactive neurons from the medullary and spinal dorsal horns to the midbrain periaqueductal gray(PAG) in the rat. Methods By using fluoro\|gold(FG) retrograde tracing combined with immunofluorescence histochemical staining for PKC?. Results PKC?\|immunoreactive neurons were observed in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns and lateral spinal nucleus.After injecting FG into the PAG,FG retrogradely labeled neurons were also mainly found in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns and lateral spinal nucleus.Some of these FG\|labeled neurons in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns and lateral spinal nucleus exhibited PKC?\|immunoreactivities.Conclusion\ PKC?\|immunoreactive neurons in the medullary and spinal dorsal horns might be involved in the transmission of nociceptive information from the medullary and spinal dorsal horns to the PAG.\;[

Metabotropie glutamate receptor (mGluR) 2/3 plays an important role on the nociceptive transmission from periphery to spinal cord.The previous studies demonstrated that mGluR2 can contribute to mechanical hypersensitivity and thermal hypersensitivity in rat.Therefore,in the present study,by using the immunofluorescenee histochemical technique,we try to explore that whether mGluR2 is colocalized with acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3),a muhi-modulator of mechanosensation,or transient receptor potential/vanilloid receptor subtype-1 (TRPV1),which responses for thermosensation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG).Morphological observations showed that mGluR2-immunoreactivity was mainly distributed in cellular plasma of neurons in DRG.The counting number results indicated that 35.84% of DRG neurons were mGluR2-immunoreactive (ir).On the other hand,82.61% of mGluR2-ir cells were the small-diameter neurons (diameter:＜30 μm),5.79% of which were the medium-diameter neurons (diameter:30-50μm) and 11.59% of which was the large-diameter neurons (diameter:＞50 tun).Furthermore,42.45% and 79.78% of mGiuR2-ir cells was individually co-localized with ASIC3-or TRPVI-ir in small-diameter neurons in the double-labeled immunofluorescence sections.The present results suggest that mGhiR2 mainly exists in small neurons of the DRG,which are regarded as nociceptors consisting of AS-and C-fibers.While mGluR2 is highly co-localized with ASIC3 and TRPV1,implying their potential relationship in DRG may be involved in mechanical hypersensitivity and thermal hypersensitivity.

Objective To improve the arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using tibial Inlay technique. Methods The special arthroscopic device and related fixation technique were designed. Five cadaveric knees were used to simulate the process of arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using tibial Inlay technique. The knees were cut open to observe whether the outlet of the tibial tunnel shape and location met the design requirements. Thirty normal MRI films were measured to identify tunnel angle and localizer angle. Results The inner outlet of tunnel was conical shape(14 mm×7 mm×15 mm) and the outer outlet was cylinder-shaped (a diameter of 7 mm). The tibial drill was designed into a split structure and could be assembled in vitro. According to the data obtained from MRI films, the angle between the plane of posterior cruciate ligament and horizontal place was 36°-47°, and the localizer was fixed at 50°.The achilles tendon was used as implant and the allogft bones were designed into conical shape to fit the inner outlet of tunnel. The other end of implant to the proximal tibia was fixed with button plate. All reconstruction operations were performed under arthroscopy. The outcomes of procedure were satisfactory. There were no vascular or peripheral nerve injuries in the cadaveric knees The tunnel position was accurate and the shape of tunnel had met the design requirements. Conclusion Our results imply that improved arthroscopic of posterior cruciate ligament using tibial Inlay technique is simple, accurate, rapid and stable fixation.