Calbindin-D28k (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) are the most common calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs). In the present study, FOS immunoreactivity was first induced in neurons of the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) of the rat by noxious orofacial stimulation; CaBPs (CB, CR and PV) in these neurons were then identified by imumunofluorescence histochemistry, and then, in addition, afferents to CaBPs/FOS double-labeled neurons were showed by immunofluorescence histochemical staining for the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) , glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) , enkephalin (ENK) , serotonin (5-HT) or substance P (SP). Under the light microscope,we observed that: (1) neuronal cell bodies exhibiting FOS-immunoreactivity were present throughout all laminae of the MOH, with the highest concentration in lamina Ⅱ; (2) most CB-, CR- and PV-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were located in lamina Ⅱ , but some were also encountered in laminae Ⅰ and Ⅲ; (3) 5-HT-, GABA-, GlyT2-, ENK- and SP-IR fibers and terminals were also chiefly located in laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the MDH; (4) some FOS-IR neurons showed CB-, CR-, or PV-immunoreactivity; (5) 5-HT-, GABA-, GlyT2- and ENK-IR terminals made close contacts with FOS/CB, FOS/CR or FOS/PV double-labeled neurons; (6) SP-IR terminals, as well as 5-HT-, GABA-, GlyT2- or ENK-IR terminals, closely contacted CB-, CR- or PV-containing neurons. Under the electron microscope, 5-HT-, GABA-, GlyT2- and ENK-IR terminals principally made symmetric (inhibitory) synaptic connections with CB-, CR- and PV-containing neurons were observed. These results suggest that 5-HT, GABA, glycine (Gly) and ENK may modulate transmission of orofacial noxious information by inhibiting nociceptive neurons that contain CaBPs in the rat MDH.

Objective　To observe the ER ultrastructures in humn embryonic epithelial cells of colonic mucosa、renal tubule and hepatocytes and also their alterations in embryogenesis.Methods　Transmission electromicroscopy technique.Results　With the embryonic development, the ER increased in amount, became complex in structure and with its characteristic ER structures in different cells. Conclusion　The changes of ER structures are one of the characters during cell differentiation.

After injecting retrograde tracer fiuoro-gold (FG) into the parabrachial region(PB), caudal ventrolateral medulla(CVLM) and the fourth segment of cervical spinal cord (C4), respectively, neurons in laminae I ～ Ⅱ of the medullary dorsalhorn projecting to the above mentioned brain areas were observed. PB received projections from bilateral laminae I and Ⅱ withan ipsilateral dominance; CVLM and C4 received projections from ipsilateral laminae I and Ⅱ. Neurons projecting to C4 werevery sparsely distributed in laminae I and Ⅱ of the medullary dorsal horn. The projecting neurons in outer part of lamina Ⅱwere more than those in inner part of lamina Ⅱ . Combined with immunofluorescence histochemistry for calbindin-D28k(CB) andparvalbumin(PV), it was demonstrated that a part of neurons projecting to PB or CVLM showed CB-like immunoreactivity, butnone of them exhibited PV-like immunoreactivity. There were only a few neurons in lamina Ⅱ projecting to C4 and they exhibitedneither CB- nor PV-like immunoreactivity. The present study provides further evidence for the existence of projecting neurons inlamina Ⅱ and suggests that immunostaining against CB and PV may distinguish two neuronal subpopulations in lamina Ⅱ .

Objective To study anticardiolipin antibody(ACLA)in elderly patients with essential hypertension(EH)and to investigate the influence of valsarta on the function of vascular endothelium.Methods The levels of ACLA were measured by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in 120 patients with EH and 30 healthy controls.All parameters were compared in the EH patients with different stratification.Sixty elderly hypertension patients were treated with valsarta for 6 weeks of with the dose range from 80 to 160 mg/d and compared with 60 healthy elderly people before and after treatment by measuring the levels of ACLA.Results The concentration of ACLA were significantly higher in patients with risk,higher risk and very high risk group than those in healthy control group and patients with low risk group(P0.05).After 6 weeks of treatment with valsarta,systolic and diastolic pressures remarkably decreased and the levels of ACLA were decreased significantly;the higher the degree,the more notable the change of ACLA.Conclusion The patients with EH might have self-immunity.The results suggest that circulating ACLA might have clinical significance in forecasting the severity of EH.Valsarta is effective in treating hypertension,which may improve the function of vascular endothelium.

Objective To observe the distribution of protein kinase C? subunit(PKC?) in the rat nervous system. Methods Immunocytochemical staining for PKC? by using specific antibody against PKC? was performed. Results Intensely and densely stained PKC? immunoreactive neurons were mainly observed in the cerebral cortex,hippocampus,amygdaloid complex,cerebellar cortex, ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei, caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn.Conclusion\ PKC?\|containing neurons are widely located in the rat nervous system.These results provide morphological evidence for the functional roles of PKC? in the signaling transduction of the nervous system.\;[

Objective To observe the morphologic features of neurons labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene recombinant Sindibis virus in the deep part of lamina Ⅲ in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) of the rat. Methods Neurons were infected and labeled with GFP gene recombinant Sindibis virus injected into lamina Ⅲ.Immunohistchemical staining showed the labeling results.The morphologic features of the GFP labeled neurons were revealed after reconstruction. Results A few GFP-labeled single neurons were found in the distal portions away from the virus injection site within the deep part of lamina Ⅲ of the MDH.According to the morphological features,especially their axons and axonal collaterals,GFP labeled neurons were classified into projection neurons and intrinsic neurons.The axons and their collaterals of the projection neurons entered to the superficial part of lamina Ⅲ,lamina Ⅱ and/or the medullary reticular formation.Most of the axons and their collaterals of the intrinsic neurons extended mainly within lamina Ⅲ.Conclusions According to the morphological features of axons and their axonal collaterals,GFP labeled neurons were classified into projection neurons and intrinsic neurons in the deep part of lamina Ⅲ of the MDH.GFP gene recombinant virus labeling technique is an effective method to investigate the morphological features of neurons.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of ultrasound guided injection of embryonic inactivation in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Methods Eighty cases of ectopic pregnancy were selected in the Second Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical College from June 2011 to June 2014, in accordance with the order of admission, they were divided into two group of each 40 cases.The control group carries on the conservative treatment, intramuscular injection of methotrexate (MTX) , while the observation group in transvaginal ultrasonography guided implantation of MTX.The curative effect of two groups was Compared.Results The observation group effective rate of the treatment was 92.5％ (37/40), significantly higher than that of control group(62.5％ (25/40) ,x2=10.32 ,P＜0.01).The patients of two groups with no due mass rupture and transit operation.The observation group mass less than or equal to 2 cm disappear time required was (15.4±2.6) d,significantly shorter in the control group((27.1±3)d,t=18.64,P＜0.01).Serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin decreased to normal time required was (13.7±6.1)d, significantly lower than that of the control group((18.4±7.2) d,t=3.15 ,P＜0.01).The adverse reaction rate in the observation group was 10％ (4/40), significantly lower than that of the control group (32.5％ (13/40), P =0.028).Conclusion Ultrasound guided injection of embryonic inactivation treatment for ectopic pregnancy have curative effect, can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and reduce adverse reaction.

Objective To observe the developmental changes of projection and termination of proprioceptive afferent fibers in the mouse spinal cord. Methods Parvalbumin (PV) immunohistochemistry was used to label the proprioceptive afferents. Single and dual immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to examine the growth pattern of proprioceptive afferents and their relationships with motoneurons in the spinal ventral horn (VH). The stained sections were observed under a confocal laserscanning microscope. Results PV-like immunoreactive (LI) proprioceptive fibers first appeared in the dorsal column on embryonic (E) day 14, then entered the gray matter on El5 and reached the intermediate gray matter and VH more obviously on E16. The number and intensity of PV-LI proprioceptive afferent fibers and punctata increased in the VH with age and reached a maximum during earlier postnatal (P) period (P0-P7). After P14, the number and intensity of proprioceptive afferents gradually decreased. The proprioceptive terminals seemed to form close relationship with motoneurons from E17. Conclusion The present study indicates that the somatotopic organization of proprioceptive afferents in the spinal cord is established during the late embryonic and early postnatal stages. These results provide evidence for understanding the development of the reflex movements.

The present study was designed to examine the developmental changes in projection and termination of nociceptive and proprioceptive afferent fibers in the spinal cord by labeling those two fibers with calcitonion gene-related peptide (CGRP) and parvalbumin (PV)separately in mouse embryos and neonatal pups aged embryonic day 15 to posanatal day 3 (E15 -P3). CGRP-like immunoreactive (LI)nociceptive fibers first appeared in the superficial dorsal horn (DH) at E16. The afferent projections extended laterally to the DH and entered into the deep portions of the DH at E17 and E18. After birth, the projection pattern of CGRP-LI fibers remained unchanged but the intensity of afferent terminals increased in the superficial laminae and their branching patterns became more complicated. In addition,CGRP-LI collaterals that projected into the contralateral DH were also examined after E16. Around birth, the contralateral projections were also found originated from the lateral part of the DH. PV-LI proprioceptive afferents were first observed entering the gray matter at E15 and reached the intermediate gray matter (IG) and the ventral horn (VH) more obviously on E16. The number and intensity of PV-LI fibers increased in the the VH with age and reached a maximum during earlier postnatal period ( P0-P3 ). The proprioceptive terminals seemed to form close relationship with motoneurons in the VH from E17. Our results indicate that the somatotopic organization of nociceptive and proprioceptive afferents in the spinal cord both are established during the late embryonic and early postnatal stages. These results help to understand the development of the sensory transmission in more details.

The present study was designed to examine the morphological pattern of primary afferent projections into the spinal dorsal horn by labeling the lumbar dorsal root ganglia with carbocyanine fluorescent dye DiI in mouse embryos and neonatal pups aged embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 3 (E12-P3). Primary afferent fibers projected into dorsal funiculus at E13, but did not penetrated into gray matter of dorsal horn until E15. The afferent projections became dense and entered the spinal gray matter more deeply at E16 and E17. By E18 the intensity of primary afferent in the deep part of the dorsal horn increased and their branching patterns became more complicated. Some of these primary fibers were also observed to ramify extensively in the superficial laminae. The projection pattern of primary afferent remained unchanged after birth, but the intensity of afferent terminals increased in the superficial laminae. In addition, afferent fiber collaterals that projected into the contralateral dorsal horn were also observed. They were first examined at E16 and mainly originated from the medial and deep part of the dorsal horn. Around birth, the contralateral projections were also found to originate from the lateral part of dorsal horn. Our results indicate that laminar organization of primary afferents in the spinal dorsal horn is established during the late embryonic and early postnatal stages.This organization then undergoes further refinement to match the pattern seen in the adult.