Objective To observe the distribution of GABAB receptor subtype 1 (GABABR1 ) in the rat nervous system. Method Immunocytochemical staining technique by using specific antibody against GABABR1 was used. Results Intensely and densely stained GABABR1-like immunoreactive neurons were observed in the V layer of cerebral cortex. islands of Calleja, caudate putamen, septohippocampal nucleus, hippocampus, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, medial habenular nucleus, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. preoptic nuclei, supraoptic nucleus, lateral magnocellular part of paraven- tricular nucleus, anterior commisural nucleus, median eminence, arcuate nucleus, pars compacta of substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, interpeduncular nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the trapezoid they, superficial layers of the caudalis subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex, laminae Ⅰ- Ⅲ, Ⅸ and X of spinal gray matter, lateral spinal nucleus, Onuf's nucleus and spinal dorsal root ganglion. Specially, in the cholinergic and monoaminergic nuclei of the brain. Conclusion These results indicate that GABABR1-like im- munoreactive structures are widely located in the rat brain. GABA might exert its principal inhibitory effects through these GABABR.

Objective　To observe the ER ultrastructures in humn embryonic epithelial cells of colonic mucosa、renal tubule and hepatocytes and also their alterations in embryogenesis.Methods　Transmission electromicroscopy technique.Results　With the embryonic development, the ER increased in amount, became complex in structure and with its characteristic ER structures in different cells. Conclusion　The changes of ER structures are one of the characters during cell differentiation.

Interferon (IFN) is one of the commonly used anti-HBV drug in clinic,in which IFN-λ is a new type of IFN,including IFN-λ1,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 (also called IL-29,IL-28A and IL-28B,respectively).Researches in recent years show that IFN-λ3 (IL-28B) polymorphism seems to be involved in the onset of hepatitis B,the response to antiviral therapy and the outcome of HBV infection.This paper reviews the correlations between IL-28B polymorphism and the spontaneous clearance of HBV,the progression of HBV infection,the occurrence of liver cancer and the therapeutic effect of IFN treatment.

The present study is designed to establish a xenograft model of human promyelocytic leukemia cell mutant (HL-60-AR) deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) in nude mice. A solid leukemia sarcoma developed after subcutaneous inoculation with HL-60-AR cells. Comparative studies of HL-60-AR/Nu tumor cells in nude mice and cultured HL-60-AR cells in vitro revealed virtual identity as shown by light microscopic morphology, ultrastructure of cell, cytochemistry, chromosome analysis, LDH isoenzyme pattern, genetic markers and differentiated characters assay. Up to now, twelve generations haw been transmitted in rive by inoculating with the solid tumor Cells developed in nude mice. This nude mice model in which human leukemia cells grew could be considered as a useful model for in rive studies of human leukemic cells proliferation, differentiation and the screening for anti-leukemia drugs.

Objective To establish a method for accurate typing of ABO in blood donors and patients with difficult blood types,and to provide clinical reference for safe blood transfusion,organ transplantation,and bone marrow matching.Methods The results of serological and genotyping of 178 volunteers from four ethnic groups in China were analyzed statistically,and the blood type difference coincidence test was carried out.Results The difference of blood type difference between the four nationalities was checked (x2 =24.5,P＞0.05).The results showed that there was no difference in blood group distribution between the four nationalities.Conclusion Serological results of 178 volunteers from four ethnic groups in China are consistent with the results of molecular biology,and there is no difference in blood type distribution.

Immunocytochemical staining technique by using specific antibody against 5-HT1A receptor subtype (5-HT1AR) wasused to observe the distribution of 5-HT1AR immunoreactivity in the rat nervous system. The highest level of 5-HT1AR im-munoreactivity was observed in piriform cortex, septum, ventraldorsal thalamic nucleus, reticular thalamic nucleus, basolateralamygdaloid nucleus, Purkinje cell layer, red nucleus, facial nucleus and nucleus of the trapezoid body. Considerably weaker im-munoreactivity was detected in hippocampus, frontal cortex, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, mesen-cephalic trigeminal nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn, dor-sal root and trigeminal nerve ganglia, Very weak immunoreactivity was found in the olfactory bulb, caudate putamen,globus pal-lidus, nucleus diagonal band, bed nucleus stria terminalis, habenular nucleus, substantia nigra and superior olive. The presentresults indicate that 5-HT1AR immunoreactive structures are widely distributed in the rat nervous system and might play impor-tant role in mediating the multiple effects of 5-HT in the nervous system.

The present investigation was designed to study, whether endogenous antinociceptive system is effective on mirror-image pain induced by peripheral inflammation. After Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was subcutaneously injected into one hindpaw, besides heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia from 1 h to 72 h at the injured site, contralateral mechanical allodynia was also induced at 1 h and significantly lasted for 24 h after injection, which was called mirror-image pain. To explore the effects of endogenous antinociceptive system on mirror-image pain, endomorphin (EM) 2 was intrathecally administered at doses of 0.2 μg, 2 μg, 20 μg and EM1 was given at the maximum dose of 20 μg by the same way, respectively, 10 min prior to CFA injection. The present results showed that three doses of EM2could reverse the decreased contralateral mechanical threshold from 48.03 ± 9.07 mN ( pre-treatment with vehicle) to 200.49 ± 53.68mN, 247.63 ± 49.43 mN and 250.57 ± 55.34 mN ( pre-treatments with EM2 ), respectively, but not in a significantly dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, intrathecal pre-treatment with EM1, the contralateral mechanical threshold was 51.24 ± 12.59 mN after CFA injection, which was similar to that pre-treatment with vehicle. It indicates that spinal EM1 did not have remarkable effect on mirror-image pain behavior. The present results provide evidence for that spinal EM2, but not EM1, mainly originated from the endogenous antinociceptive system might play an inhibitory role in mirror-image mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral tissue inflammation.

The present study was designed to examine the morphological pattern of primary afferent projections into the spinal dorsal horn by labeling the lumbar dorsal root ganglia with carbocyanine fluorescent dye DiI in mouse embryos and neonatal pups aged embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 3 (E12-P3). Primary afferent fibers projected into dorsal funiculus at E13, but did not penetrated into gray matter of dorsal horn until E15. The afferent projections became dense and entered the spinal gray matter more deeply at E16 and E17. By E18 the intensity of primary afferent in the deep part of the dorsal horn increased and their branching patterns became more complicated. Some of these primary fibers were also observed to ramify extensively in the superficial laminae. The projection pattern of primary afferent remained unchanged after birth, but the intensity of afferent terminals increased in the superficial laminae. In addition, afferent fiber collaterals that projected into the contralateral dorsal horn were also observed. They were first examined at E16 and mainly originated from the medial and deep part of the dorsal horn. Around birth, the contralateral projections were also found to originate from the lateral part of dorsal horn. Our results indicate that laminar organization of primary afferents in the spinal dorsal horn is established during the late embryonic and early postnatal stages.This organization then undergoes further refinement to match the pattern seen in the adult.

Objective To investigate the status and demands of prenatal education among pregnant women,and to provide reference for better prenatal education. Methods A total of 750 pregnant women were recruited from 20 hospitals in Chengdu and were investigated with a serf-designed questionnaire. Results 74.42% of the pregnant women had participated the prenatal education,25.58% of them didn't take even one prenatal class. The most preferred knowledge was newborn care. They most preferred to take prenatal classes at weekends in small group. The women's educational level,family income, delivery experience and times of prenatal check-up were the key factors to affect the participation in the prenatal educa-tion. Conclusions It is suggested to innovate the contents and means of prenatal education in order to attract the pregnant women to participate prenatal education actively.

Objective:To explore the effect of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA) on camptothecin(CPT)-induced Hela cell apoptosis.Methods:MTT assays were carried out to determine the optimal concentration and time of CPT on Hela cells and the effect of different drugs on Hela cell proliferation activity .After Hela cells were treated with different drugs ,the changes of autophagy marker protein( microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3),p62 and apoptosis-related protein were detected using Western blot and immunofluorescence ( IF) .DAPI ( nuclear ) staining was used to observe cell apoptosis rate .Results: In CPC-treated Hela cells,Hela cell proliferation activity declined dramatically ,and autophagy could be induced to occur .Compared with CPT group ,the cell proliferation activity was lower in CPT combined with 3-MA group,the level of autophagy decreased ,but the apoptosis rate significantly increased.Conclusion:CPT can induce autophagy while inducing Hela cell death .Hela cells chemosensitivity to CPT treatment can be enhanced by 3-MA inhibiting autophagy .