Objective To observe the distribution of GABAB receptor subtype 1 (GABABR1 ) in the rat nervous system. Method Immunocytochemical staining technique by using specific antibody against GABABR1 was used. Results Intensely and densely stained GABABR1-like immunoreactive neurons were observed in the V layer of cerebral cortex. islands of Calleja, caudate putamen, septohippocampal nucleus, hippocampus, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, medial habenular nucleus, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. preoptic nuclei, supraoptic nucleus, lateral magnocellular part of paraven- tricular nucleus, anterior commisural nucleus, median eminence, arcuate nucleus, pars compacta of substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, interpeduncular nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the trapezoid they, superficial layers of the caudalis subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex, laminae Ⅰ- Ⅲ, Ⅸ and X of spinal gray matter, lateral spinal nucleus, Onuf's nucleus and spinal dorsal root ganglion. Specially, in the cholinergic and monoaminergic nuclei of the brain. Conclusion These results indicate that GABABR1-like im- munoreactive structures are widely located in the rat brain. GABA might exert its principal inhibitory effects through these GABABR.

Interferon (IFN) is one of the commonly used anti-HBV drug in clinic,in which IFN-λ is a new type of IFN,including IFN-λ1,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 (also called IL-29,IL-28A and IL-28B,respectively).Researches in recent years show that IFN-λ3 (IL-28B) polymorphism seems to be involved in the onset of hepatitis B,the response to antiviral therapy and the outcome of HBV infection.This paper reviews the correlations between IL-28B polymorphism and the spontaneous clearance of HBV,the progression of HBV infection,the occurrence of liver cancer and the therapeutic effect of IFN treatment.

Objective　To observe the ER ultrastructures in humn embryonic epithelial cells of colonic mucosa、renal tubule and hepatocytes and also their alterations in embryogenesis.Methods　Transmission electromicroscopy technique.Results　With the embryonic development, the ER increased in amount, became complex in structure and with its characteristic ER structures in different cells. Conclusion　The changes of ER structures are one of the characters during cell differentiation.

The present study is designed to establish a xenograft model of human promyelocytic leukemia cell mutant (HL-60-AR) deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) in nude mice. A solid leukemia sarcoma developed after subcutaneous inoculation with HL-60-AR cells. Comparative studies of HL-60-AR/Nu tumor cells in nude mice and cultured HL-60-AR cells in vitro revealed virtual identity as shown by light microscopic morphology, ultrastructure of cell, cytochemistry, chromosome analysis, LDH isoenzyme pattern, genetic markers and differentiated characters assay. Up to now, twelve generations haw been transmitted in rive by inoculating with the solid tumor Cells developed in nude mice. This nude mice model in which human leukemia cells grew could be considered as a useful model for in rive studies of human leukemic cells proliferation, differentiation and the screening for anti-leukemia drugs.

Objective To establish a method for accurate typing of ABO in blood donors and patients with difficult blood types,and to provide clinical reference for safe blood transfusion,organ transplantation,and bone marrow matching.Methods The results of serological and genotyping of 178 volunteers from four ethnic groups in China were analyzed statistically,and the blood type difference coincidence test was carried out.Results The difference of blood type difference between the four nationalities was checked (x2 =24.5,P＞0.05).The results showed that there was no difference in blood group distribution between the four nationalities.Conclusion Serological results of 178 volunteers from four ethnic groups in China are consistent with the results of molecular biology,and there is no difference in blood type distribution.

Immunocytochemical staining technique by using specific antibody against 5-HT1A receptor subtype (5-HT1AR) wasused to observe the distribution of 5-HT1AR immunoreactivity in the rat nervous system. The highest level of 5-HT1AR im-munoreactivity was observed in piriform cortex, septum, ventraldorsal thalamic nucleus, reticular thalamic nucleus, basolateralamygdaloid nucleus, Purkinje cell layer, red nucleus, facial nucleus and nucleus of the trapezoid body. Considerably weaker im-munoreactivity was detected in hippocampus, frontal cortex, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, mesen-cephalic trigeminal nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn, dor-sal root and trigeminal nerve ganglia, Very weak immunoreactivity was found in the olfactory bulb, caudate putamen,globus pal-lidus, nucleus diagonal band, bed nucleus stria terminalis, habenular nucleus, substantia nigra and superior olive. The presentresults indicate that 5-HT1AR immunoreactive structures are widely distributed in the rat nervous system and might play impor-tant role in mediating the multiple effects of 5-HT in the nervous system.

Objective:To explore the effect of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA) on camptothecin(CPT)-induced Hela cell apoptosis.Methods:MTT assays were carried out to determine the optimal concentration and time of CPT on Hela cells and the effect of different drugs on Hela cell proliferation activity .After Hela cells were treated with different drugs ,the changes of autophagy marker protein( microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3),p62 and apoptosis-related protein were detected using Western blot and immunofluorescence ( IF) .DAPI ( nuclear ) staining was used to observe cell apoptosis rate .Results: In CPC-treated Hela cells,Hela cell proliferation activity declined dramatically ,and autophagy could be induced to occur .Compared with CPT group ,the cell proliferation activity was lower in CPT combined with 3-MA group,the level of autophagy decreased ,but the apoptosis rate significantly increased.Conclusion:CPT can induce autophagy while inducing Hela cell death .Hela cells chemosensitivity to CPT treatment can be enhanced by 3-MA inhibiting autophagy .

The paper analyzes the application requirements of ECG examination in the wards of Southwest Hospital and describes the application of the remote ECG system in the wards.It introduces the system's composition,functional modules,business process,key technology and application effects.The application of the remote ECG system can reduce the waiting time of patients and realize the ECG examination at the bedside.Thus,it is well received by patients and clinical departments.

Objective To investigate the spatio-temporal expression of P2X3 receptor ( P2X3R) in rats with diabetic mechanical allodynia ( DMA ) .Methods DMA model in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin ( STZ) .The von Frey filaments were applied to identify the changes of the paw withdrawal threshold ( PWT) in DMA rats.Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the spatio-temporal expression of P2X3R in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hind paw skin on different time points after intraperitoneal injection of STZ , respectively.The protein expression of P2X3R in SDH and DRG was further semi-quantitatively analyzed by Western blotting.Results Compared with control group , intraperitoneal injection STZ induced significant mechanical allodynia indicated by the reduced PWT from 7 days, and which reached the peak on 14d and maintained to 28days (P<0.05). The expression of P2X3R in DRG neurons was significantly increased on 14 days and 21 days (P<0.05), while that in SDH and skin was markedly increased on 21 days and 28 days, compared with control group (P<0.05).Conclusion With the progress of DMA, the expression of P2X3R was significantly increased in the SDH, DRG and skin, which was almost parallel with the mechanical allodynia , but the changes in SDH and skin were 1 week later than that in DRG .These results suggest that P2X3R may play a key role in the maintenance of the DMA .

Objective To investigate molecular types and drug resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Zhejiang province.Methods One hundred and fourty-seven clinical MRSA isolates were collected from 11 grade A tertiary hospitals during January 2009 and December 2010 in Zhejiang province.Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST),staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and spa typing were used to examine the homology of the strains,and drug resistance patterns were compared among different molecular types.Simpson index was used to determine the discriminatory power of three typing methods.Results Fourteen STs were identified in 147 MRSA isolates,of which ST239 (75 isolates),ST5 (24 isolates) and ST59 (23 isolates) were the most prevalent clones.Four SCCmec types (types Ⅱ to Ⅴ) were identified in 141 isolates,and 6 isolates were not typed.SCCmec type Ⅲ was the predominant type (76 isolates),which was followed by type Ⅳ (32 isolates),type Ⅱ (24 isolates) and type Ⅴ (9 isolates).All MRSA isolates yielded 23 spa types,in which t030 (57 strains),t437 (17 strains),t002 (15 strains) and t037 (12 strains) were the predominant spa types.MRSA strains were sensitive to linezolid,teicoplanin,vancomycin and norvancomycin,but were highly resistant to other antibacterial agents,especially in strains carrying clone ST239 or of SCCmec type Ⅲ.The discriminatory power of MLST,SCCmec and spa typing were 0.6885,0.6577 and 0.8165,respectively.Conclusion The predominant clone of MRSA strains in Zhejiang province was ST239-SCCmec Ⅲ-t030-MRSA,and these strains are highly resistant to most antibacterial agents,so that the surveillance of MRSA in hospital should be strengthened.