0.05),respectively.Sensitivity rate of 37 bacterial strains to gatifloxacin,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,sipafloxacin,cefataxime and penicillin(for gonococcus) were 100.0%,86.5%,94.6%,76.5%,91.9%,100.0%,respectively.Adverse events were generally mild,and adverse events rates of the two groups were 8.3% and 5.0%,respectively.Conclusion:Gatifloxacin is an highly effective and well tolerated antibacterial agent for the treatment of urinary tract and genital bacterial infections.

The green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene recombinant virus labeling is a new method for the neuroanatomical studies. It is effective to investigate the morphological features of neurons, the chemical architectures (neural active substances and their receptors) of the neurons, the relationships between the neuronal morphological features and their termination areas or their functions, and local circuits related to specific functions. This method remedies the defects of previous morphological methods and could provide direct morphological evidence for the functional investigations.

Objective:To optimize the techniques for isolation and cryopreservation of primary rat hepatocytes.Methods:By improving traditional isolation methods and establishing an in situ recirculating collagenase perfusion through the portal vein,we want to improve the yield,viability and purity of primary rat hepatocytes and to reduce the cost of collagenase.Primary rat hepatocytes were cryopreserved at 1?10 7/ml in a suspension buffer containing 2% DMSO or 10% DMSO and were stored for 7 days,14 days or 2 months at -70℃ or in liquid nitrogen.After rapidly thawed hepatocytes were cultured for 7 days,their viabilities were measured by trypan blue exclusion (TBE) and MTT method,and the albumin (ALB) and lactodehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant of hepatocytes were analyzed.Results:By using the new technique,the hepatocyte yields have been improved to 1.584?0.525?10 8/100g rat body weight (BW),the viability of the hepatocytes is 95.2?2.9%,and purities better than 95%.At the same time,the cost of the collagenase has been reduced to 4.5mg/100g rat BW.The efficiency of cryopreservation is:(1)The viabilities of hepatocytes preserved in buffer containing 2% DMSO or 10% DMSO were ≥90% and ≥85% respectively.(2)The viabilities of hepatocytes cryopreserved in buffer containing 2% DMSO at -70℃ or in liquid nitrogen were all 90%-95%.(3)ALB synthesis was unaffected by different cryopreservation methods.(4)LDH in the supernatants of freshly cultured hepatocytes was equivalent to that of cryopreserved hepatocytes.Conclusion:Isolation technique of primary rat hepatocytes has been successfully improved.Freshly isolated hepatocytes suspended in buffer containing 2% MDSO can be cryopreserved for 2 moths at -70℃.These results have showed so far that the methods of isolation and cryopreservation of primary rat hepatocytes are optimized.

We reviewed the domestic studies on Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi.Scutellaria Baiealensis Georgi has a variety of pharmacological effects,and the main effects are anti-microbial,anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions.Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi has good developing prospects.Up to now,Chinese researches on Scuteilaria baicalensis Georgi have gained gratifying results,but some aspects are still existing defects such as the studies on active ingredients and formula of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi have not been deeply studied.We propose that human genomics and proteomics researching results should be adopted in the study of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi,together with the advanced technologies of bio-chip and biological chromatography being used to elucidate mechanisms at molecular level.

AIM To observe the supplementary effects of Xuanfei Zhisou Mixture (Schizonepetae Herba,Peucedani Radix,Platycodi Radix,etc.) on cough variant asthma in patients with syndrome of wind pathogen invading lung.METHODS Forty-eight patients,receiving budesonide/formoterol turbuhaler,were randomly and equally divided into trial group and control group using Stata 12.0 software.The patients in the trial group took Xuanfei Zhisou Mixture additionally.Cough symptom score,cough visual analogue scale,quality of life,blood eosinophil count and adverse reaction in two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the trial group provided more benefits in terms of cough symptom score,cough visual analogue scale and quality of life with statistical differences.There was no statistical difference in blood eosinophil count between the two groups.Adverse reactions such as hoarseness and oropharyngeal fungal infection in the trial group,and palpitation and tremor in the control group occurred in one patient in the process of the treatment,respectively.CONCLUSION Xuanfei Zhisou Mixture combined with budesonide/formoterol turbuhaler is an effective treatment method for cough variant asthma with syndrome of wind pathogen invading lung.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin in the treatment of mild and moderate bacterial infections of respiratory tract,urinary tract,genital tract,skin and soft tissues.Methods:115 patients in study group were treated with gatifloxacin 200mg taken orally q12h,and 108 patients in control group were treated with ciprofloxacin 250mg taken orally q8h for 7days to 14 days.Results:The total cure rates of study group and control group were 90.4% and 77.8%( P 0.05),respectively.The bacterial eradication rates of the two groups were 97.1% and 89.2%( P 0.05),respectively.Conclusion:Gatifloxacin is a highly effective and well tolerated antibacterial agent for treatment of acute bacterial infections of respiratory tract,urinary tract,genital tract,skin and soft tissues.

Objective To observe the distribution of GABAB receptor subtype 1 (GABABR1 ) in the rat nervous system. Method Immunocytochemical staining technique by using specific antibody against GABABR1 was used. Results Intensely and densely stained GABABR1-like immunoreactive neurons were observed in the V layer of cerebral cortex. islands of Calleja, caudate putamen, septohippocampal nucleus, hippocampus, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, medial habenular nucleus, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. preoptic nuclei, supraoptic nucleus, lateral magnocellular part of paraven- tricular nucleus, anterior commisural nucleus, median eminence, arcuate nucleus, pars compacta of substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, interpeduncular nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the trapezoid they, superficial layers of the caudalis subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex, laminae Ⅰ- Ⅲ, Ⅸ and X of spinal gray matter, lateral spinal nucleus, Onuf's nucleus and spinal dorsal root ganglion. Specially, in the cholinergic and monoaminergic nuclei of the brain. Conclusion These results indicate that GABABR1-like im- munoreactive structures are widely located in the rat brain. GABA might exert its principal inhibitory effects through these GABABR.

Objective To investigate the connections between ?\|aminobutyric acid(GABA)\|or glycine (Gly)\|containing terminals and Fos\|positive projection neurons from the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) to the thalamus or parabrachial nuclei(PBN). Methods Tetramethyl rhodamine(TMR) retrograde tracing,combined with immunofluorescence histochemical triple\|staining for TMR/Fos/GABA or TMR/Fos/Gly was used. Results GABA\|or Gly\|immunoreactive terminals were chiefly located in the superficial laminae(laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ) of the MDH.After orofacial noxious stimulation.Fos\|positive neurons were also mainly observed in the superficial laminae.After injecting TMR into the unilateral thalamus or PBN,TMR retrogradely labeled neurons were mainly distributed in the superficial laminae of the controlateral or ipsilateral MDH,respectively.Some of these TMR\|labeled neurons also exhibited Fos\|immunoreactivities.GABA\| or Gly\|containing terminals made close contacts with Fos positive retrogradely labeled neurons.Conclusion\ In the superficial laminae of the MDH,some of the orofacial nociceptive neurons send project fibers directly to the thalamus or PBN,GABA and Gly might exert their inhibitory effects on these nociceptive projection neurons.\;[

The immune pathogenesis of tuberculosis,preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine,diagnosis of latent infection and active tuberculosis as well as the assessment of tuberculosis severity are still major challenges in the field of tuberculosis.In recent years,many studies have explored immune pathogenesis and new diagnostic and treatment targets of tuberculosis, and the high mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1) receives wide attention for its unique pathophysiological mechanism.This article reviews the research progress on the correlation between HMGB1 and tuberculosis, which would be of help in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.