Through transmission electron microscope,the ultrastructure of the tegument of Orien-tobilharzia turkestanica var. tuberculata cercariae was observed. From exterior to interior, the tegument can be divided into five parts,i. e. ,glycocalyx,external plasma membrane,ma-trix, basal plasma membrane and basement layer. The cell boundery is absent in the matrix, there is no subcellular structure but is filled with abundant dense particles. The thickness of this layer varies markedly so the surface of the cercarial body can be either convex or con-cave. There are two types of dense bodies (cercarial-type inclusion bodies) in this layer. Its formation,function and the relation with the glycocalyx are discussed.

Objective [WT5”BZ]To evaluate the results of radical resection for the treatment of Budd Chiari syndrome (BCS) caused by short segmental lesions in inferior vena cava (IVC), and major hepatic veins (MHV).[WT5”HZ]Methods [WT5”BZ]In this series, resection of IVC occlusive segment and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation were performed in 42 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, hepatic venous plasty and orthotopic transplantation with artificial vascular graft were performed in 10 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, anastomosis between hepatic vein and right artrium in 3 cases. Percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty in 10 cases.[WT5”HZ]Results [WT5”BZ]One patient died of complication. 58 cases were followed up for an average of 30 months. 3 cases in interventional group suffered recurrence and one in surgical group had recurrence.[WT5”HZ]Conclusions [WT5”BZ]The treatment of BCS by resecting inflicted segment of IVC or hepatic veins and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation effect a radical cure in most cases.

Objectives To evaluate methods to diagnose Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis.Methods 31 cases underwent phlebography, 28 cases received color Doppler sonography preoperatively. Radical thrombectomy was carried out in 28 cases. Results IVC thrombi was found by phlebography in 24 cases, and by color Doppler sonograhy in 25 cases. There was no intraoperative death, nor acute pulmonary embolism.All patients were discharged uneventfully. Follow-up of 6 to 80 months found recurrence in 3 cases.Conclusions Large or lateral thrombi can be easily diagnosed by phlebography. Fresh or floating thrombi often missed by phlebography could be rushed out by blood stream at the time IVC was incised.The thrombi adhered to the IVC wall could be taken out with large balloon catheter or manually.

Objective　To evaluate the results of radical resection for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) caused by short segmental lesions in inferior vena cava (IVC), and major hepatic veins (MHV).　Methods　In this series, resection of IVC occlusive segment and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation were performed in 42 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, hepatic venous plasty and orthotopic transplantation with artificial vascular graft were performed in 10 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, anastomosis between hepatic vein and right artrium in 3 cases. Percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty in 10 cases.　Results　One patient died of complication. 58 cases were followed up for an average of 30 months. 3 cases in interventional group suffered recurrence and one in surgical group had recurrence.　Conclusions　The treatment of BCS by resecting inflicted segment of IVC or hepatic veins and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation effect a radical cure in most cases.

Human factors engineering is a promising interdisciplinary subject in applied sciences.This study presented the development and research purposes of human factors engineering.Based on case studies,the authors probed into the importance of the engineering in the design,management and procurement of medical equipments,for the purpose of optimizing medical equipment design,manufacturing and procurement.

Objective Assess the value of pleura sliding sign with chest ultrasonography in the prediction of pleura adhesion prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).Method 63 patients were evaluated for pleura sliding signs with chest ultrasonography at 9 points along the chest wall prior to thoracotomies and were compared with the findings of the same points during the operation.Methods Pleura sliding signs on 567 points were examined in 63 cases,and 106 points pleura adhesion were found by chest ultrasonography and 72 points were proved by operations.461 points were no pleura adhesion under chest unltrasonography and 495 points had no pleura adhesion confirmed by operations.Results The sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive value,positive predictive value and overall accuracy were 80.56%,90.03%,96.96%,54.72% and 9.07%,respectively.The Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curve showed that there should be no pleura adhesion if there were more than 8 points positive pleura sliding signs.Conclusion Examination of pleura sliding sign by chest ultrasonography is helpful to predict the presence and location of pleura adhesion prior to VATS.

This paper analyzed current problems and challenges facing hospitals in alarm management both abroad and at home. Based on a survey conducted on alarm management in hospitals, plus an analysis on different kinds of data interfaces and data exchange protocols of the medical equipment used in ICUs, a solution of alarm management is put forwarded which is based on alarm information integration and processing. It aims at improving medical equipment alarm management and reducing relevant adverse events.
Automatic Data Processing ; Clinical Alarms ; Intensive Care Units

The content related to the quality during life-cycle in operation of medical device includes daily use, repair volume, preventive maintenance, quality control and adverse event monitoring. In view of this, the article aims at discussion on the quality evaluation method of medical devices during their life cycle in operation based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The presented method is proved to be effective by evaluating patient monitors as example. The method presented in can promote and guide the device quality control work, and it can provide valuable inputs to decisions about purchase of new device.
Decision Support Techniques ; Durable Medical Equipment ; standards ; Equipment Design ; Quality Control

Objective Xenografts have poor biocompatibilities,the aim of this study was to improve the biocompatibilities of decellular xenografts via heparin/dihydroxy-iron complex multilayeres (HDCMs) nanomodification.Methods A novel thrombo-resistant surface for decellular xenograft had been developed by alternating linkage of dihydroxy-iron and heparin to decellular bovine jugular vein (DC-BJV),and surface characterization and biocompatibility of HDCMs nanomodified BJV (HDCMs-BJV) were detected.Results Toluidine blue colorimetric method showed the amount of linked heparin was about (808 ±86) μg/cm2 per assembly-cycle.SEM images proved HDCMs were uniformly linked to and formed nanoscale films around the fibrils of DC-BJV.Washing test proved HDCMs were firmly linked to BJV and sustainedly released heparin for a long time.Tensile test showed that biomechanical stability was increased.Antithrombogenicity test showed that the activated partial thrombin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) of all trial groups were above the normal reference ranges.Platelet adhesion test evaluated mean platelet count per 10 000 μm2 area was 8 ±4 for HDCMs-BJV vs.48 ± 16 for DC-BJV.Endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation test showed the number and activity of ECs on luminal surface of HDCMs-BJV were very similar to DC-BJV at 7-day incubation.Calcium content assay evaluated mean calcium content was ( 8.5 ± 1.9 ) μg/mg dry weight for HDCMs-BJV vs.(26.6 ± 3.7) μg/mg dry weight for DC-BJV at 4 weeks and (21.5 ± 6.8 ) μg/mg dry weight for HDCMsBJV vs.( 112.6 ± 16.9) μg/mg dry weight for DC-BJVs at 8 weeks,respectively.Conclusion These results demonstrate HDCMs were firmly linked to BJV and formed nanoscale thrombo-resistant films,and HDCMs nanomodification improves biocompatibilities of decellular xenograft.

Objective To develop an overall health risk model and to evaluate its convergent validity and reliability.Methods Health examination results of 230 adults from a public institution were collected by using Chinese Health Risk Appraisal Questionnaire V1.0 (CHRAQ V1.0).An CHRAQ V1.0-based overall health risk model was then developed,which included 34 items.Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to test normal distribution of the data.Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to evaluate parallel validity of the model.Crane Bach coefficient,Spearman-Brown coefficient and test-retest reliability were calculated to evaluated the reliability of the model.Results In this study,212 valid questionnaires (92.17％) were received.The average score of the newly developed overall health risk model was 41.96 ± 9.69,and its kurtosis coefficient and coefficient of skewness were 2.105 and 0.862,respectively.In Kolmogorov-Smirnov,the data were normally distributed (Z =1.073,P =0.199).The correlation coefficient of positive rate of all objective examinations with model scores was 0.774 (P ＜ 0.05).The Cronbach's alpha coefficient,Spearman-Brown coefficient and test-retest reliability of the model were 0.652,0.784 and 0.841,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In this investigation,our newly developed overall health risk model shows good validity and reliability and application prospect in the field of health management.