Health education of schistosomiasis control among students is an important link of schistosomiasis control in mountainous valley areas of Yunnan Province,which directly affects the control effect in local environment.

Objective To discuss the effect of an advanced technique by shortening the levator palpebrae superioris muscle in treatment of moderate and severe congenital blepharoptosis. Methods 30 cases of moderate and severe blepharoptosis (including 2 cases of recurrent ptosis) were treated by shortening the levator palpebrae superioris associated with resection of tarsus. Removal portion of tarsus and levator palpebrae superioris muscle was designed according to the width of tarsus and the severity of blepharoptosis. Tarsus and levator palpebrae superioris muscle and conjunctiva palpebrae were resected on the basis of above design. The results of postoperation were followed up. Results Among the 30 cases, except for undercorrection in 3 cases, all others had a good outcome. Eyelid was raised to normal level by this technique with a natural eyelid contour. Only some presented a slight dysraphism in the early stage of postoperation,and no other severe complications occurred. Conclusions Shortening of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle can be applied to treat moderate and severe congenital blepharoptosis, and correct the deformity and achieve cosmetic effect simultaneously.In order to achieve satisfactory effects on function and shape, we should master the main points of operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of a Chinese herbs mixture(Monkshood,ginger and licorice)on blood pressure(BP)and its possible mechanism in renovascular hypertensive rats.Methods 2K1C hypertensive rats received placebo(n=8)or Sinitung(n=8)by gavage for 2 weeks.BP was measured by tail-cuff.Plasma angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)and calcium gene related peptide(CGRP)were examined by histochemical assay.Results Sinitang treatment significantly decreased BP(116.2?8.3 mm Hg vs placebo:131.6?14.2 mm Hg,P

BACKGROUND: It is significant to establish a kind of effective, conve nient and reliable animal model of hypertension. At present, dogs, rats and rabbits are usually used to establish hypertensive models at home and abroad, and the renal artery stenosis induced hypertensive models are ex tensively used to research hypertension and its complication for human be ings because they are convenient and reliable, and there are many methods to establish them, but the effects are to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To establish convenient and reliable animal models of ex perimental renal artery stenosis induced hypertension. DESIGN: A randomized grouping design and animal experiment. SETTING: Institute of Cerebrovascular diseases, Medical College Hospital of Qingdao University. MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in Shandong Key Labora tory for Prevention and treatment of Brain Disease from September 2005 to February 2006. Eighty-one healthy Wistar rats divided into 7 groups accord ing to the method of random number table: unilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=18), bilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=17), unilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), bilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), uni lateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=6), bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=4) and normal control group (n=6). METHODS: Unilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kidney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and left kidney was resected af ter 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kid ney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Normal con trol group: The rats were not given any treatment. The blood pressure and heart rate were determined with RBP-2 hemomanometer for rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The successful rate of model estab lishment, blood pressure and heart rate were observed. RESULTS: Totally 81 rats were used, and 61 of them died, all were in volved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Blood pressures in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups and bilateral renal artery ligation group were obviously higher than those in the normal control group and bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group [(138.0 ±36.5), (154.2±11.6), (160.5±0.7), (101.3±17.6), (108.3±5.7) mm Hg]. ② The changes of heart rate in the renal artery stenosis group were unstable, and the heart rates in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups, bilateral renal artery ligation group, normal control group and bilat eral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group were (367.5±47.2), (420.2 ±47.8), (386.0±4.2), (390.3±42.4), (417.3±27.5) beats per minute, respec tively. ③ The survival rates in the renal artery stenosis groups (22%, 29%) were significantly higher than those in the renal artery ligation groups (0,12%), and it was the highest in the unilateral renal artery stenosis group.CONCLUSION: The method of clamping bilateral renal arteries can establish stable rat models of hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis.

AIM: To investigate the intervention effect of astragaloside on adhesion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and vascular endothelial cells and on expression of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation due to ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Cell Bioengineering Laboratory of Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University from September 2005 to May 2006. ①Neonatal umbilical cords were offered by Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, with informed consent of puerperant and their families. The experiment was accorded with ethical standard of Helsinki declaration. ②The hUVECs were cultured to the future passage. After the third passage, hUVECs were randomly divided into three groups. Cells in a control group were cultured under normal conditions; Cells in a hypoxia/reoxygenation group were cultured under in closed container with hypoxia for 1 hour, and then under normal conditions for 1 hour; The hUVECs in a astragaloside group were pretreatment by different doses of astragaloside (20, 40, 80 mg/L). After 12 hours, hUVECs suffered from hypoxia/reoxygenation. ③The concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in supernatant were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and thiobarbituric acid method. Expression of NF-?B of hUVECs was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PMN adhesion to hUVECs was measured by rose Bengal staining. RESULTS: ①Compared to the control group, the content of MDA remarkably increased in hypoxia/reoxygenation group (P

Objective To observe the relationship between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the sensitivity of PANC1 cells to gemcitabine (GEM),and to analyze the potential mechanism.Methods PANC1 cells were divided into GEM group,lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + GEM group and TLR4-siRNA + GEM group.GEM group was treated by GEM alone.LPS + GEM group was pretreated with 1 mg/L LPS for 4 h and then treated by GEM.TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was transfected with 100 pmol/mL TLR4-siRNA for 4 h and then treated by GEM.The untreated cells were used as the control group.MTT method was used to detect the cell proliferation.Morphological changes and apoptosis rate of the cells were examined by Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry,respectively.The protein expression of TLR4,phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and activated Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.Results The median inhibition concentration (ICs0) of GEM in the GEM group,LPS + GEM group and TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was (8.9 ± 0.32),(14.21 ±0.95),(3.96 ± 0.27) mg/L,respectively.The IC50 in LPS + GEM group was significantly higher than that in GEM group (P ＜ 0.01),and the IC50 of GEM in TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was significantly lower than that in GEM group (P ＜0.01).Compared with that in GEM group,the cells with typical apoptotic morphological changes were decreased in LPS + GEM group,which was increased in TLR4-siRNA + GEM group.The apoptotic rate in control group,GEM group,LPS + GEM group,TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was (2.1 ± 0.3) ％,(15.1 ± 2.3) ％,(9.8 ± 1.5) ％,(22.9 ± 3.1) ％,respectively.Compared with that in GEM group,the cells apoptotic rate was significantly reduced in LPS + GEM group (P ＜0.01),which was significantly increased in TLR4-siRNA + GEM group (P ＜0.01).TLR4 protein level in the 4 groups was 0.83 ±0.08,0.81 ±0.07,0.85 ±0.07 and 0.16 ±0.03;p-AKT protein level 0.61 ±0.05,0.36 ±0.03,0.73 ± 0.07 and 0.21 ± 0.02;activated Caspase-3 protein level was 0.66 ± 0.05,0.73 ± 0.07,0.45 ± 0.04 and 0.91 ± 0.07,respectively.The expression of TLR4 and p-AKT in TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was significantly lower than that in GEM group (P ＜0.01),while the expression of activated Caspase-3 protein was increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the GEM group,the expression of p-AKT protein in LPS + GEM group was significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the expression of activated Caspase-3 protein was significantly decreased (P＜0.01).Conclusions TLR4 can inhibit the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer PNAC1 cells to GEM,and the mechanism is related to the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and downregulation of activated Caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the effects of aquaporin4 (AQP4) on the brain injury after cerebral ischemic reperfusion and to search the new method that can prevent and cure the injury. Methods Locally injection of naked DNA ( pcNDA3.1/Zeo), which carries AQP4 gene and reporter gene green fluorescent protein(GFP), in the brain was performed 12 h before ischemic challenge to up-regulate the AQP4 expression. The expressed level of AQP4, the infarction size and neurological deficit scores were estimated in three groups. Results (1) Exogenous AQP4 expression in the brain did not affect the healthy rat neurological deficit score; (2) Rat neurological deficit scores were 7.9?0.7, and 7.1?0.9 respectively in 12 h and 24 h after reperfusion in AQP4 injected group, which were lower than that in plasmid control group when both groups were challenged with reperfusion after ischemia; (3) Expression of AQP4 in the brain was higher in AQP4 injected group than plasmid control group and control group in early stage after reperfusion; (4) Expression of exogenous AQP4 in the brain increased the cortex and striatum infarction size 24 h after reperfusion, which were (261.0?18.2) mm 3 and (21.9?1.9) mm 3, respectively, in AQP4 injected group more than plasmid control group. Conclusions (1) Increased local AQP4 expression in brain does not affect neurological function in the healthy rat; (2) Pre-expression of AQP4 increase infarction size and neuro-functional injury; (3) Modification of AQP4 activity and regulation of AQP4 expression level would be the new strategy for the prevention of cerebral edema and the reduction of cerebral injury after stroke.

BACKGROUND: Most animal experiments of transgene are derived from mice; therefore, it is necessary to establish a focal cerebral ischemiareperfusion model and significant to prevent and cure ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.OBJECTIVE: To establish a convenient and reliable model with middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) in mice.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Institute of Cerebrovascular disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: Twenty healthy BALB/c mice, of both genders, weighing 25-30 g, of SPF grade, were divided into sham operation group (n=5), ischemia group (n=10) and 22-hour reperfusion group (n=5) on the basis of digital table. In addition, according to digital table, 130 healthy male Kunming mice were divided into sham operation group (n=10), 24-hour ischemia group (n=30), 2-hour ischemia/22-hour, 46-hour and 70-hour reperfusion groups with 30 in each group; meanwhile, 30 female mice were divided into sham operation group, 24-hour ischemia group and 2-hour ischemia/22-hour reperfusion group with 10 in each group. All Kunming mice were weighing 25-30 g and of SPF grade.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from July 2005 to March 2006. The 6-0 suture with silica gel covered at an end was sent from the left external carotid artery (ECA) into internal carotid artery (ICA) till arriving at the initiation of middle cerebral artery (MCA) to block the blood stream in it, then drawing the suture from ICA 2 hours after occlusion to accomplish reperfusion. Mice were cut off their heads in sham operation group at 24 hours after operation, in ischemia group at 24 hours after blocking blood stream and in reperfusion group at 24, 48 and 72 hours after operation. Reliability of models was evaluated with neurology score and tetrazolium chloride stain. Longa standard scores: neurology score ≥ 1 point was regarded as successful models;coronal sections of brain tissue were stained with tetrazolium chloride, and the white region was regarded as infarcted volume.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurology score and infarcted volume after staining of triphenyltetrazolium chloride in brain tissue.RESULTS: All mice were involved in the final analysis. ① Successful rate was 20% of BALB/c mice, 66.7%-73.3% of male Kunming mice and 40%-50% of female Kunming mice. ② Brain sections of BALB/c mice in sham operation group were orange at both sides of cortex and infarction focus was not observed. A big infarcted volume was observed on brain sections of mice in ischemia group, and infarcted volume counted for 50%-70% as homonymy hemisphere on optochiasmatic coronal sections. The condition of Kunming mice was similar to that of BALB/c mice, but infarcted volume counted for 40%-65%. In addition, condition in ischemiareperfusion group was similar to that in ischemia group. A big infarcted volume was observed on brain sections, and infarcted volume counted for 50%-75% as homonymy hemisphere on optochiasmatic coronal sections.The condition of Kunming mice was similar to that of BALB/c mice, but infarcted volume counted for 40%-65%.CONCLUSION: The model with MCAO/R in mice characterizes by relatively smaller trauma, and the ischemic region is stable; therefore, it can be used to accurate timing control of ischemia/reperfusion. This model is an ideal one for researching pathophysiological changes, prognosis and therapy in cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To analyze the imaging features of mycobacterium in AIDSpatients.Methods Twenty-three cases of mycobacterium tuberculosis and 13 patients of non-tuberculous mycobacteria were proved etiologically and included in this study.All patients underwent X-ray and CT examinations,imaging data were analyzed and compared.Results The imaging findings of mycobacterium tuberculosis in AIDS patients included consolidation (n =11),pleural effusion (n =11),mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n =11).Pulmonary lesions were always diffuse distribution,and 14 patients of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were found.Pulmonary lesions in non-tuberculous mycobacteria tend to be circumscribed.Conclusions Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in AIDS patients is more common and usually combined with other infections.Imaging features are atypical.

Objeetive To investigate the optimized concentration,effectiveness and histological change of Pingyangmycin by local injection of keloids for two weeks.Methods The appropriate concentration was analyzed,based on the Vancouver scar scale.48 eases of keloids were randomly divided into 4 groups with different concentrations of Pingyangmycin (1,0.5,0.25,and 0.125 mg/ml).Each case was iniected for five times at two weeks intervals,and then the statistical results (pair t test) and the histological changes were evaluated.Results Statistically,0.5 mg/ml group was more effective (P=0.0026),and this group had significant differences from the others (SNK test).The rate of the recurrence for one year was 12.00% in the whole effective cases.The keloid tissue after treatments,histologically,showed the thicker epidermis and larger papillary layer of the dermis,more inflammatory cells.Conclusions 0.5 mg/ml Pingyangmycin is the most appropriate concentration in this study and 0.25 mg/ml is the effective one.This treatment for keloid is convenient,safe,effective,low recrudescence and few side effects.