Objective To analyze the association of staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1(SND1) and T-cell intracellular antigen 1(TIA-1) on stress granules, and the regulation of SND1 on stress granules under stress stimuli. Methods The immunofluorescence assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to observe the co-localization of SND1 protein and TIA-1 protein under stress stimuli, and the over-expression plasmids of pEGFP vector were transfected into HeLa cells and to verify which domain of SND1 co-localized with TIA-1 under stress stimuli. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the expression of SND1 protein in HeLa cells was measured by Western Blotting assay. Then whether the knockdown of SND1 affected the recruitment of TIA-1 on stress granules was observed. Heat shocks under different times were used to identify whether there were dynamic changes in transportation of SND1 and TIA-1 on stress granules. Results SND1 co-localized with TIA-1 on stress granules under stress stimuli, and the associated domain of SND1 were SN domain. TIA-1 still can be recruited on stress granules but a large amount of stress granules were reduced even though the expression of SND1 protein was decreased. And the transportation of SND1 on stress granules was laged behind TIA-1 under different-times of heat shocks. Conclusion SND1 protein co-localizes with TIA-1 on stress granules, and which co-regulates the cellular stress response under stress stimuli.

Objective To compare the efficacy of insulin aspart and human soluble insulin on postprandial glucose control and blood glucose excursion in type 2 diabetic patients managed with insulin pump therapy. Methods All of 345 hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients were randomized divided into two groups. One group underwent insulin pump therapy with insulin aspart (aspart group, 173 cases),another group with human soluble insulin (humulin R group, 172 cases). Capillary glucose concentrations were measured at 9 time points,including preprandial,2 hours postprandial,bedtime (22:00),midnight(0:00) and 3:00 every day during the treatment. The change of blood glucose at each time point and the variation of postprandial blood glucose excursion was compared between the two groups. The frequency of hypoglycemia was also evaluated. Results After treatment, fasting blood glucose and post breakfast and post dinner blood glucose levels were decreased more significantly in the aspart group than those in the humulin R group. And a significantly smaller postprandial blood glucose excursion was shown in the aspart group compared with that in the humulin R group (P< 0.05). The time to achieve good glycemic control in the aspart group was (4.40 ± 2.16) d, significantly shorter than that in the humulin R group[(5.68 ± 2.29) d](P< 0.05). The incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly lower in the aspart group (P <0.05). Conclusion Insulin aspart results in better control of blood glucose and less glycemic variability compare with human soluble insulin in type 2 diabetic patients during delivery by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and laboratory features of patients with liver disease and positive anti-liver/kidney microsomal-1 (anti-LKM-1) antibody, and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods: The clinical data of patients with positive anti-LKM-1 antibody who were treated in our hospital from 2006 to 2016 were collected, and clinical and laboratory features were analyzed and compared. An analysis was also performed for special cases. Results: The measurement of related autoantibodies was performed for about 100 thousand case-times, and 15 patients were found to have positive anti-LKM-1 antibody. Among the 15 patients, 7 were diagnosed with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) with an age of 11.0 ± 9.0 years and were all adolescents with acute onset; 8 were diagnosed with hepatitis C with an age of 51.5 ± 9.0 years, among whom 7 were middle-aged patients and 1 was a child aged 12 years, and all of them had an insidious onset. Compared with the patients with hepatitis C, the AIH patients had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (1 003.9 ± 904.3 U/L vs 57.0 ± 84.1 U/L, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (410.7 ± 660.3 U/L vs 34.9 ± 42.9 U/L, P < 0.05), and total bilirubin (98.0 ± 191.0 μmol/L vs 15.4 ± 6.0 μmol/L, P < 0.05). There was a reduction in immunoglobulin G after the treatment with immunosuppressant, compared with the baseline. Of all 8 patients with hepatitis C, 6 received antiviral therapy with interferon and ribavirin, and 5 out of them achieved complete response, among whom 4 had a reduction in the level of anti-LKM-1 antibody after treatment; however, a 12-year-old child developed liver failure after interferon treatment and died eventually. Conclusion Positive anti-LKM-1 antibody is commonly seen in patients with type 2 AIH or hepatitis C, but there are differences between these two groups of patients in terms of age, disease onset, liver function, and the level of anti-LKM-1 antibody. The hepatitis C patients with a confirmed diagnosis and exclusion of autoimmune hepatitis can achieve good response to interferon under close monitoring, even if anti-LKM-1 antibody is positive. As for adolescent patients with hepatitis C and positive anti-LKM-1 antibody, the possibility of AIH should be excluded.