Objective To research the mechanism or pathway through which Substance P(SP) inhibits r-aminobutyric acid(GABA) activated currents in bullfrog dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons.Method The experiment was conducted on freshly isolated bullfrog dorsal root ganglion neurons using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Results SP could caused a slow inward current when SP was applied to DRG neurons;SP could inhibits GABA-activated currents;The inhibition could be reduced largely when protein kinase C(PKC) inhibiter,1-(5-isoquinolinesulphorry)-2-methylpiperazine(H-7), was dialyzed in cell body.Conclusion The SP ton inhibit GABA-activated currents through protein kinase C.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of KeyPort access in transanal endoscopic mircrosurgery (TEM). Methods: A descriptive case series study was performed. Clinicopathological data of 20 patients undergoing KeyPort access TEM in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from December 2016 to April 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Procedure of KeyPort access TEM: general anesthesia or combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA); lithotomy or prone jack-knife position; anal dilation; placement of the KeyPortaccess; connection of TEM pneumoperitoneum device, light source and imaging equipment; placement of 5 mm dedicated endoscope; insufflation of CO2 with pressure of 1.6-2.0 kPa (12-15 mmHg); after rinsing the intestinal lumen, circular resection marginlabeled by the needle-shaped electrocautery;electric coagulation or ultrasonic knife used to perform a full-thickness resection with a 0.5 cm-1 cm margin along the marking line. Indications of KeyPort access TEM: (1) benign large sessile polyps which were difficult to resect under colonoscopy; (2) submucosal lesions with diameter <2 cm; (3) Tis and T1 stage rectal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis; (4) palliative resection of T2 stage rectal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis. Contraindications: (1) accompanying serious diseases without the tolerance of anesthesia and operation; (2) distance from lesion to anal verge >20 cm. Results: There were 10 males and 10 females with age of (63±15) years old and BMI of (24.5±3.3) kg/m². The diameter of the lesions was (2.0±1.3) cm, and the distance from lesion to anal verge was (6.2±2.2) cm. One patient had 3 lesions at different positions in rectum with diameters of 0.5 cm, 0.5 cm, and 1 cm, respectively. All operations were accomplished through the KeyPort access TEM and no case was transferred to other methods. The duration of surgery was 75 (30-220) minutes; intraoperative blood loss was 10 (0-30) ml. Two patients with rectal anterior wall lesions underwent full-thickness resection of the intestine wall reaching the peritoneal reflex with penetration into the peritonealcavity, and received suture closure immediately. For the patient with 3 rectal lesions, the 1.0 cm lesion received a full-thickness resection and the other 2 lesions received submucosal resection. No postoperative complication occurred. Postoperative pathology showed that there were 1 case of chronic inflammatory lesion, 4 cases of benign tumor, 3 cases of carcinoma in situ, 4 cases of neuroendocrine tumor, 6 cases of pT1 rectal cancer, 2 cases of pT2 rectal cancer (both invading the superficial muscle layer). The median hospital stay was 6 (3-7) days. The postoperative follow-up was (7.2±3.8) months. No postoperative complication or recurrence was observed. Conclusion TEM with KeyPort access is safe, rapid and effective in the treatment of rectal tumors.

OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanism for a blood sample with mixed-field hemagglutination upon determination of ABO blood group. METHODS Serological techniques were employed to identify the erythrocyte phenotype. The A and B antigens were detected by flow cytometry. The preliminary genotype of ABO gene was assayed with sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP). Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were amplified with PCR and analyzed by direct sequencing. Haplotypes of the ABO gene were analyzed by cloning sequencing as well. RESULTS The serological reaction pattern has supported an O phenotype when all the tubes were centrifuged for the first time. However, a mixed-field hemagglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) with anti-A antibodies was present after the tube was centrifuged five times later. A antigens were detected on the surface of partial red blood cells of the sample by flow cytometry. PCR- SSP results have shown that the preliminary ABO genotype was A/O. Analysis of the fragments of exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene has indicated that heterozygosis lied as follows: 261G/A, 425T/T, 467C/T, 646A/T, 681A/G, 745C/T, 771C/T, 829A/G, conjecturing the genotype to be A307/O02, which was confirmed by haplotype sequence analysis. Compared with A101 allele, A307 allele has two missense mutations, 467C> T and 745C> T, which have resulted in substitutions Pro156Leu and Arg249Trp in the A glycosyltransferase polypeptide chain. CONCLUSION A variant allele (A307) has been identified for the first time in mainland China, which is responsible for the formation of A3 phenotype.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Adult ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Phenotype

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of KeyPort access and traditional transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) in the treatment of rectal tumors.Methods:In this study, 36 cases of rectal tumors were treated by KeyPort TEM access and 52 cases by traditional TEM. Tumor type, size, distance from anal edge, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospitalization time, specimen quality and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences in tumor type, size, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospitalization time, complications, recurrence and metastasis rate between the two groups. The distance between lower cutting edge to the anus in KeyPort access group was significantly greater than that of traditional TEM group[(6.7±1.9) vs. (5.1±1.8) cm , t=3.901, P<0.001]. All the surgeries in the KeyPort access group were completed. While two cases of in traditional TEM group were coverted to other surgical approaches. All patients in the KeyPort group had normal anal function in the early postoperative period, while 2 patients in the traditional TEM group suffered anal function impairment. Conclusion:TEM by KeyPort access is safer and more effective then traditional TEM, as well as more generous indications.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of KeyPort access in transanal endoscopic mircrosurgery (TEM). Methods A descriptive case series study was performed. Clinicopathological data of 20 patients undergoing KeyPort access TEM in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from December 2016 to April 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Procedure of KeyPort access TEM: general anesthesia or combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA); lithotomy or prone jack?knife position; anal dilation; placement of the KeyPortaccess; connection of TEM pneumoperitoneum device, light source and imaging equipment; placement of 5 mm dedicated endoscope; insufflation of CO2 with pressure of 1.6?2.0 kPa (12?15 mmHg); after rinsing the intestinal lumen, circular resection marginlabeled by the needle?shaped electrocautery;electric coagulation or ultrasonic knife used to perform a full?thickness resection with a 0.5 cm?1 cm margin along the marking line. Indications of KeyPort access TEM: (1) benign large sessile polyps which were difficult to resect under colonoscopy; (2) submucosal lesions with diameter <2 cm; (3) Tis and T1 stage rectal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis; (4) palliative resection of T2 stage rectal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis. Contraindications: (1) accompanying serious diseases without the tolerance of anesthesia and operation; (2) distance from lesion to anal verge>20 cm. Results There were 10 males and 10 females with age of (63±15) years old and BMI of (24.5±3.3) kg/m2. The diameter of the lesions was (2.0±1.3) cm, and the distance from lesion to anal verge was (6.2±2.2) cm. One patient had 3 lesions at different positions in rectum with diameters of 0.5 cm, 0.5 cm, and 1 cm, respectively. All operations were accomplished through the KeyPort access TEM and no case was transferred to other methods. The duration of surgery was 75 (30?220) minutes;intraoperative blood loss was 10 (0?30) ml. Two patients with rectal anterior wall lesions underwent full?thickness resection of the intestine wall reaching the peritoneal reflex with penetration into the peritonealcavity, and received suture closure immediately. For the patient with 3 rectal lesions, the 1.0 cm lesion received a full?thickness resection and the other 2 lesions received submucosal resection. No postoperative complication occurred. Postoperative pathology showed that there were 1 case of chronic inflammatory lesion, 4 cases of benign tumor, 3 cases of carcinoma in situ, 4 cases of neuroendocrine tumor, 6 cases of pT1 rectal cancer, 2 cases of pT2 rectal cancer (both invading the superficial muscle layer). The median hospital stay was 6 (3?7) days. The postoperative follow?up was (7.2±3.8) months. No postoperative complication or recurrence was observed. Conclusion TEM with KeyPort access is safe, rapid and effective in the treatment of rectal tumors.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of KeyPort access in transanal endoscopic mircrosurgery (TEM). Methods A descriptive case series study was performed. Clinicopathological data of 20 patients undergoing KeyPort access TEM in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from December 2016 to April 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Procedure of KeyPort access TEM: general anesthesia or combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA); lithotomy or prone jack?knife position; anal dilation; placement of the KeyPortaccess; connection of TEM pneumoperitoneum device, light source and imaging equipment; placement of 5 mm dedicated endoscope; insufflation of CO2 with pressure of 1.6?2.0 kPa (12?15 mmHg); after rinsing the intestinal lumen, circular resection marginlabeled by the needle?shaped electrocautery;electric coagulation or ultrasonic knife used to perform a full?thickness resection with a 0.5 cm?1 cm margin along the marking line. Indications of KeyPort access TEM: (1) benign large sessile polyps which were difficult to resect under colonoscopy; (2) submucosal lesions with diameter <2 cm; (3) Tis and T1 stage rectal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis; (4) palliative resection of T2 stage rectal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis. Contraindications: (1) accompanying serious diseases without the tolerance of anesthesia and operation; (2) distance from lesion to anal verge>20 cm. Results There were 10 males and 10 females with age of (63±15) years old and BMI of (24.5±3.3) kg/m2. The diameter of the lesions was (2.0±1.3) cm, and the distance from lesion to anal verge was (6.2±2.2) cm. One patient had 3 lesions at different positions in rectum with diameters of 0.5 cm, 0.5 cm, and 1 cm, respectively. All operations were accomplished through the KeyPort access TEM and no case was transferred to other methods. The duration of surgery was 75 (30?220) minutes;intraoperative blood loss was 10 (0?30) ml. Two patients with rectal anterior wall lesions underwent full?thickness resection of the intestine wall reaching the peritoneal reflex with penetration into the peritonealcavity, and received suture closure immediately. For the patient with 3 rectal lesions, the 1.0 cm lesion received a full?thickness resection and the other 2 lesions received submucosal resection. No postoperative complication occurred. Postoperative pathology showed that there were 1 case of chronic inflammatory lesion, 4 cases of benign tumor, 3 cases of carcinoma in situ, 4 cases of neuroendocrine tumor, 6 cases of pT1 rectal cancer, 2 cases of pT2 rectal cancer (both invading the superficial muscle layer). The median hospital stay was 6 (3?7) days. The postoperative follow?up was (7.2±3.8) months. No postoperative complication or recurrence was observed. Conclusion TEM with KeyPort access is safe, rapid and effective in the treatment of rectal tumors.

OBJECTIVETo screen rare blood groups Fy(a-), s-, k-, Di(b-) and Js(b-) in an ethnic Zhuang population.

METHODSSequence-specific primers were designed based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of blood group antigens Fy(b) and s. A specific multiplex PCR system I was established. Multiplex PCR system II was applied to detect alleles antigens Di(b), k, Js(b)1910 and Js(b) 2019 at the same time. The two systems was were used to screen for rare blood group antigens in 4490 randomly selected healthy donors of Guangxi Zhuang ethnic origin.

RESULTSWe successfully made the multiplex PCR system I. We detected the rare blood group antigens using the two PCR system. There are five Fy(a-), three s(-), two Di(b-) in 4490 Guangxi zhuang random samples. The multiplex PCR system I has achieved good accuracy and stability. With multiplex PCR systems I and II, 4490 samples were screened. Five Fy(a-), three s(-) and two Di(b-) samples were discovered.

CONCLUSIONMultiplex PCR is an effective methods, which can be used for high throughput screening of rare blood groups. The rare blood types of Guangxi Zhuang ethnic origin obtained through the screening can provide valuable information for compatible blood transfusion. Through screening we obtained precious rare blood type materials which can be used to improve the capability of compatible infusion and reduce the transfusion reactions.

Blood Group Antigens ; genetics ; Duffy Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics