Objective To investigate numerical distance effect of numerical processing in amblyopic children aged from 6 to 13. Methods 46 amblyopic children and 43 control children with normal sight were divided into 3 groups respectively:7Y group (6~8 years old),9Y group (9~10 years old) and 12Y group (11~13 years old). The numerical comparison task (judging the magnitude of number) was used in this study and error rate( ER) and reaction times ( RTs) were recorded. Results ( 1) RTs of judging the num-ber 4 (7Y group (995±100)ms,9Y group (964±141)ms,12Y group (701±125)ms) were significant lon-ger(P<0.05) than RTs of judging the number 1((882±140)ms,(790±119)ms,(550±41)ms) in 3 control groups;RTs of judging the number 6((968±116)ms,(918±126)ms,(712±125)ms) were significant lon-ger(P<0.05) than RTs of judging the number 9((862±121)ms,(774±151)ms,(625±141)ms). (2) In the 12Y group of amblyopic children:RTs of judging the number 4((942±107)ms) were significant longer (P<0.05) than RTs for judging the number 1((847±136)ms). (3) No developmental significant difference was found neither within the control children nor within amblyopic children using the RTs D-values which gained by the RTs of far distant numbers ( 1/2/8/9 ) minus close distant numbers ( 3/4/6/7 ) . Conclu-sion Only 12Y group of amblyopic children show numerical distance effect in subitizing(>5).The develop-ment of numerical processing in amblyopic children is slower than that in children with normal sight.

Objective To investigate the effect of state anxiety and trait anxiety on attentional orienting of heroin addicts. Methods State anxiety and trait anxiety was measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Forty heroin ad?dicts (36 males and 4 females) and 40 healthy controls (36 males and 4 females) participated in cue-target task. Atten?tional orienting and reorienting were measured in valid cue trials and invalid cue trails. Results Heroin addicts had sig?nificantly greater state anxiety [(42.65 ± 6.58) vs. (36.60 ± 8.91)] and trait anxiety [(44.43 ± 7.67) vs. (37.00 ± 8.63)] values than controls (P<0.05). The state anxiety was significantly correlated with orientation RT difference (r=-0.259, P=0.020) and disengaging/reorientation RT difference (r=0.333, P=0.003) in heroin addicts. Trait anxiety was also significantly cor?related with orientation RT difference (r=-0.248, P=0.026) and disengaging/reorientation RT difference (r=0.356, P=0.001) in heroin addicts. Conclusion Heroin addicts have significantly greater anxiety than healthy controls. Both their state anxiety and trait anxiety are associated with attentional orienting and disengaging/reorienting.