Objective The abnormal proliferation of renal cells underlies the pathology of progressive glomerulosclerosis.Cell proliferation is regulated by cell regulatory proteins.This study aims to investigate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P16INK4a in renal tissue of patients with primary mesangial proliferative glomemlonephritis(MsPGN)and its clinical significance.Methods Paraffinembedded renal biopsy renal tissue sections from 36 patients with MsPGN were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Normal renal ti8.Sue sections from 6 nephrectomized patients with trauma were used as controls.Possible correlation between p16 positive area and sclerotic and crescentic glomeruli,blood pressure,serum creatinine,endogenous creatinine clearance rate,and total proteinuria were evaluated.Resuits There were very few expression of P16INK4a in normal glomemli and renal tubular-interstitial.Compared to the normal comrol group,the expression of P16INK4a in 36 renal biopsy specimens with MsPG'N was significantly higher(P<0.01),especially in sclerotic and crescentic glomeruli,and it had wild expression of the same components in no sclerotic and crescentic glomeruli.There was a statistic difference(P<0.01).No statistic difference was found between the expression of P16 INK4a in renal tubular-interstitial of two groups(P>0.05).Therewag positive correlation among P16 INK4a of glomeruli without use of glucocorticoid/immunoinlfibitors and ACEI/ARB(r=0.774,0.497,P<0.01),also blood pressure and 8ul～m creatinine(r=0.64,0.473,P<0.01).It was negstively correlated with endogenous creatinine clearance rate and total proteinuria(r=-0.487,-0.694,P<0.01).There is no correlation between P16INK4s and clinical data in renal tubular-interstitial.Conclusion This study demonstrated that overexpression of P16INK4a in renal tissue with MsPGN may promote the regression ofabnormal proliferation and senescence cells,and induce sclerotic and crescentic glomeruli.The expression level of P16 INK4a not only reflected the degree of renal function,but also hypertension and proteinuria.In brief,expression of P16INK4a may be an important marker in renal sclerotic or crescentic glomeruli of MsPGN.Some drugs may prevent the expression of P16INKa.

Objective Analyze the amino acids and acylcarnitines in the blood of patients first diagnosed with uremia using tandem mass spectrometry in order to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods 30 patients with uremia were selected as the research objects,while 15 cases of healthy person were served as the control. The values of 11 kinds of amino acids and 2 kinds of acylcarnitines in the two groups were detected using tandem mass spectrometry,and the data were analyzed and compared. Results The levels of alanine(Ala)and tyrosine(Tyr)in uremia group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.05),while the levels of citrulline(Cit),glycine(Gly)and proline(Pro)were significantly higher in uremia group than in control group (P < 0.05). The differences were mainly in non-essential amino acids between the two groups. The levels of free carnitines and total carnitines in uremia group were significantly higher than those in normal group(P < 0.05). Conclusion For the patients first diagnosed with uremia(not treated with replacement therapy),the disturbance of amino acid metabolism mainly in non-essential amino acids were found in their blood,and the carnitine levels were higher than normal levels. The results could provide the basis for clinical nutrition therapy for patients with uremia.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of renal arterial hypothermia perfusion in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Methods:The data of 11 patients with complex renal tumors admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 4 females. The patients’age was (64.64±13.56) years old.The median R. E.N.A.L. score was 8 (7, 9) points. Preoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was (64.40±25.52) ml/min. All patients had a renal artery cold solution perfusion robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer's solution was injected into the affected kidney by the catheter, which could provide the kidney a hypothermic state during the operation and protected the renal function during the long period of warm ischemia. The intraoperative data and postoperative complications were recorded. The data of postoperative renal function, routine urine test, urinary CT, preoperative and postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were analyzed.Results:The renal artery blocking time was (34.09±2.84) min during the surgery. The patients’ body temperature was (36.10±0.44) ℃. The surgical duration was (126.73±47.08) min. The intraoperative bleeding was (81.82±53.07) ml. There were no complications, such as urinary leakage, low body temperature, fever, etc. There was no significant difference between the 3-months postoperative GFR (59.06±25.67) ml/min and preoperative GFR ( P=0.636). Conclusions:For patients with complex renal tumors, renal arterial cold solution perfusion in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can help obtain longer operative duration during hot ischemia, preserve renal function, and it provide a safe and feasible surgical method for patients.

Objective:To investigate the immunogenicity and safety of a boost dose of measles, mumps, and rubella combined vaccine (MMR) for children 4 to 6 years old.Methods:Children, aged 4 to 6 years old, had vaccinated with 1 dose of measles and rubella combined vaccine(MR) at the age of 8 months and 1 dose of MMR vaccine at 18-months, were recruited in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Beijing, respectively. All children were assigned into 4, 5 and 6-year-old group. The children who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were vaccinated with 1 dose MMR vaccine, and were collected blood samples before vaccination and 35 to 42 d after the vaccination. During the study period, adverse events were collected at 30 min, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4-12 d, and 13 to 42 days after vaccination. Serum was tested for IgG antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella. Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies were compared among groups by analysis of variance or non-parametric test. Seropositive rates and adverse event rates were compared among groups by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test.Results:A total of 500 children were included in immunogenicity analysis and 535 children were included in safety analysis. The overall adverse event rate was 20.37%, the most of severity for adverse events was mild. The rates of local and systemic adverse events were 0.37% and 20.00%, respectively. Symptoms of local adverse events were redness. The main systemic adverse events were fever, followed by cough, rash and runny nose. Received a dose of MMR vaccine for booster immunization, the seropositive rates of measles antibody, mumps antibody and rubella antibody were above 99% for all 3 age groups, and there was no significant difference between groups. There were significant differences in mumps antibody GMC among groups ( P=0.042), but no significant differences in measles and rubella antibodies GMC. Conclusion:The immunogenicity and safety of a boosted MMR vaccintion in children aged 4, 5 and 6 years were all similar good.