Objective To compare epididymis-sparing orchiectomy (group A) with traditional orchiectomy (group B ) in patients with advanced prostate cancer,and to evaluate which procedure is better.Methods A total of 60 cases of advanced prostate cancer patients were enrolled,with 30 cases in group A and 30 cases in group B.They were given oral anti-androgen from 1 day after castration.Serum level of testosterone and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was detected before castration,and 1 week,1,3,6,9 and 12 months after castration.Patient satisfaction was also evaluated.Results On time point of 12 months after castration,the average level of serum testosterone was 0.2 nmol/L (95 ％ confidence interval,0.1 ～ 0.9 nmol/L) in group A and 0.3 nmol/L (95％ confidence interval,0.2 ～ 0.9 nmol/L) in group B (P ＞0.05 ) ; the average value of PSA was 0.22 ng/ml in group A and 0.27 ng/ml in group B (P ＞0.05 ) ; patient satisfaction rate was 96.7％ (29/30) in group A and 53.3％ (16/30) in group B.Conclusions No significant difference of testosterone level and PSA is found between the 2 groups.However,epididymis-sparing orchiectomy meets the psychological needs better because it helps to maintain the appearance of the scrotum through epididymis preservation and epididymoplasty.

Objective:To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of γ-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) in patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining for GGCT were performed on tissue sections of 86 patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma and 10 normal controls, and the correlations between GGCT and clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis were analyzed.Results:The positive rate of the expression of GGCT in 86 cases of bladder urothelial cell carcinoma was 61.6% (53/86). GGCT protein was located mainly in cancer cell cytoplasm, and it can be seen in the nucleus of the tumor cells in some cases. The level of GGCT expression was positively related to pathological classification ( P<0.001), stage ( P=0.020), and tumor size ( P=0.025). Immunohistochemical semiquantitative analysis showed that the expression of GGCT in patients with T1 stage of non-muscle invasion bladder urothelial cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that with Ta stage ( P=0.034). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression of GGCT was correlated with the recurrence-free survival in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, the recurrence-free survival rate was lower in the GGCT positive group ( P=0.029). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the pathological stage ( OR=5.029, P=0.009) and the number of tumors ( OR=3.320, P=0.024)were the independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival in patients with early urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Conclusions:The expression of GGCT is significantly increased in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma and is related to the malignant biological behavior and progression of tumor. Patients with GGCT positive early bladder tumor are inclined to recur.

Objective:To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of γ-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) in patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining for GGCT were performed on tissue sections of 86 patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma and 10 normal controls, and the correlations between GGCT and clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis were analyzed.Results:The positive rate of the expression of GGCT in 86 cases of bladder urothelial cell carcinoma was 61.6% (53/86). GGCT protein was located mainly in cancer cell cytoplasm, and it can be seen in the nucleus of the tumor cells in some cases. The level of GGCT expression was positively related to pathological classification ( P<0.001), stage ( P=0.020), and tumor size ( P=0.025). Immunohistochemical semiquantitative analysis showed that the expression of GGCT in patients with T1 stage of non-muscle invasion bladder urothelial cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that with Ta stage ( P=0.034). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression of GGCT was correlated with the recurrence-free survival in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, the recurrence-free survival rate was lower in the GGCT positive group ( P=0.029). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the pathological stage ( OR=5.029, P=0.009) and the number of tumors ( OR=3.320, P=0.024)were the independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival in patients with early urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Conclusions:The expression of GGCT is significantly increased in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma and is related to the malignant biological behavior and progression of tumor. Patients with GGCT positive early bladder tumor are inclined to recur.