OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium in the prevention and treatment of Antibiotic associated diarrhea(AAD),and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from CBM,CJFD and Wanfang database,randomized controlled trials (RCT)of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium(test group)versus placebo(control group)in the prevention and treatment of AAD. After data ex-tract and quality evaluation,systematical evaluation was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 statistics software. RESULTS:A total of 21 RCT were included,involving 3 881 patients. According to the purpose of different purpose of druguse,the RCT were divided into prevention group and treatment group. Results of Meta-analysis showed the incidence of diarrhea in prevention test group was significantly lower than control group[OR=0.27 ,95% CI(0.22 ,0.32),P<0.001] ,the average hospitalization time in prevention test group was significantly less than control group [MD=-53.19,95%CI(-79.63,-26.75),P<0.001],and the total clinical ef-fective rate in treatment test group was significantly higher than control group[OR=6.76,95%CI(4.16,10.98),P<0.001]. CON-CLUSIONS:The efficacy of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium are good in the prevention and treatment of AAD. However,due to the limit of methodological quality and sample size,it remains to be further verified with more rigorously designed and long-term follow-up of large-scale RCT.

Drugs for military special needs are important strategic materials for supporting military operational needs and maintaining national security,and are highly valued by Armed Forces in each country in the world.The U.S.military has accumulated much experience through the long-term management of drugs for military special needs.Here,The U.S.military and civilian integration management of drugs for military special needs between the U.S.DOD and FDA was analyzed in terms of research,purchase,use and storage,the secrets of success were summarized,and problems were identified.Finally,recommendations on military and civilian integration management of drugs for military special needs in China were proposed.

This article is to introduce the result of the ultrasonographic examination of the patients with portal hypertension. The portal system of 42 patients with portal hypertension was examined with B-mode ultrasound and that of 109 healthy adults was also examined as control. The diameters of the portal and splenic veins of all the cases were measured. It was found that the average diameters of the potral veins of the control and the patients were 1.11?0.17 cm and 1.65?0.28 cm respectively (t = 7.3, P

Objective To access the relation between the Doppler waveform of the hepatic venous flow and the hepatic fibrosis.Methods To construct fibrosis models,20 experimental rabbits were fed with thioacetamide as the only drinking water at the concentration of 1.2 g/L,then the Doppler waveforms of the hepatic vein were detected at the time before constructing the fibrosis model,then later the 8th week,12th week and 16th week during constructing the fibrosis models,the results were compared with the hepatic biopsy ones.Results With the process of constructing the fibrosis models,the experimental rabbits had more abnormal Doppler waveforms of the hepatic venous flow.Conclusions The changes of the Doppler waveforms of the hepatic venous flow reflect the change of hepatic parenchyma.

Objective To investigate the effect of a self made liposome perfluocarbon ultrasound contrast agent in enhancing grey scale imaging of normal kidney.Methods The kidneys of 10 normal rabbits were imaged with second harmonic imaging before and after intravenous injection of the liposome contrast agent at a dose of 0.01 ml/kg. The subjective scores and video intensities were used to evaluate contrast effects. Results The renal cortex,medulla and sinus grey scale imaging were greatly enhanced after injection, and the notable enhancement time of renal cortex,medulla and sinus could last for 52 min,2 min 20 s,1 min 40 s,respectively. Conclusions The self made liposome perfluocarbon contrast agent can significantly long time enhance the grey scale of the kidney.

Objective To prepare human hepatocellular carcinoma targeted liposome microbubbles and investigate their immunological properties.Methods Human hepatocarcinoma specific monoclonal antibody HAb18 was attached to the surface of self made liposome microbubbles by electrostatic attraction to prepare immunoliposome microbubbles.The combination of HAb18 with liposome microbubbles was proved by slide agglutination test and immunofluorescent assay.Their immunological activity was measured by ELISA.Rosset formation test,rosset formation blocking test and immunofluorescent assay were used to identify the specific binding of immunoliposome microbubbles to SMMC 7721 cells,while cytotoxicity assay was used to detect their effect on human hepatocytes.Results Immunoliposome microbubbles were positive in slide agglutination test and immunofluorescent assay.ELISA indicated that the immunological activity of HAb18 on liposome microbubbles was similar to that of free HAb18.SMMC 7721 cells were surrounded by immunoliposome microbubbles to form rossets,while control cells were negative.Proliferation of human hepatocytes was not influenced by immunoliposome microbubbles.Conclusions Immunoliposome microbubbles with high specific biological activity were prepared successfully.The contrast agent can bind to human hepatocarcinoma cells specially and effectively.The results may pave the way for further studies.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of transcranial color duplex sonography for vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency (VBI). Methods Transcranial color duplex sonography was performed on 30 healthy controls and 30 VBI patients confirmed clinically to examine the flow velocities and wave form parameters of the main supra and infra tentorial basal cerebral arteries. The anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries on either side of the cranium and the vertebrobasilar system were observed using a 2.0 MHz transducer of a computed sonographic system. Results The vertebral artery system resistance index and pulsitive index were significantly higher in VBI patients than those in the controls ( P