OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium in the prevention and treatment of Antibiotic associated diarrhea(AAD),and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from CBM,CJFD and Wanfang database,randomized controlled trials (RCT)of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium(test group)versus placebo(control group)in the prevention and treatment of AAD. After data ex-tract and quality evaluation,systematical evaluation was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 statistics software. RESULTS:A total of 21 RCT were included,involving 3 881 patients. According to the purpose of different purpose of druguse,the RCT were divided into prevention group and treatment group. Results of Meta-analysis showed the incidence of diarrhea in prevention test group was significantly lower than control group[OR=0.27 ,95% CI(0.22 ,0.32),P<0.001] ,the average hospitalization time in prevention test group was significantly less than control group [MD=-53.19,95%CI(-79.63,-26.75),P<0.001],and the total clinical ef-fective rate in treatment test group was significantly higher than control group[OR=6.76,95%CI(4.16,10.98),P<0.001]. CON-CLUSIONS:The efficacy of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium are good in the prevention and treatment of AAD. However,due to the limit of methodological quality and sample size,it remains to be further verified with more rigorously designed and long-term follow-up of large-scale RCT.

Drugs for military special needs are important strategic materials for supporting military operational needs and maintaining national security,and are highly valued by Armed Forces in each country in the world.The U.S.military has accumulated much experience through the long-term management of drugs for military special needs.Here,The U.S.military and civilian integration management of drugs for military special needs between the U.S.DOD and FDA was analyzed in terms of research,purchase,use and storage,the secrets of success were summarized,and problems were identified.Finally,recommendations on military and civilian integration management of drugs for military special needs in China were proposed.

This article is to introduce the result of the ultrasonographic examination of the patients with portal hypertension. The portal system of 42 patients with portal hypertension was examined with B-mode ultrasound and that of 109 healthy adults was also examined as control. The diameters of the portal and splenic veins of all the cases were measured. It was found that the average diameters of the potral veins of the control and the patients were 1.11?0.17 cm and 1.65?0.28 cm respectively (t = 7.3, P

Objective To access the relation between the Doppler waveform of the hepatic venous flow and the hepatic fibrosis.Methods To construct fibrosis models,20 experimental rabbits were fed with thioacetamide as the only drinking water at the concentration of 1.2 g/L,then the Doppler waveforms of the hepatic vein were detected at the time before constructing the fibrosis model,then later the 8th week,12th week and 16th week during constructing the fibrosis models,the results were compared with the hepatic biopsy ones.Results With the process of constructing the fibrosis models,the experimental rabbits had more abnormal Doppler waveforms of the hepatic venous flow.Conclusions The changes of the Doppler waveforms of the hepatic venous flow reflect the change of hepatic parenchyma.

Objective To evaluate the echocardiographic findings and clinical application in the rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm(SVA).Methods Typical transthoracic echocardiographic appearance of 62 patients with SVA and accompanied abnormality were reviewed and compared with operative results.Results Fifty-eight (93.5%) cases SVA were preoperatively discovered by echocardiography, while 2 (3.2%) misdiagnosed as tetralogy of Fallot and tricuspid regurgitation and 2 (3.2%) missed diagnosis.Accompanying teratisms included frequently ventricular septal defect (VSD) (33 cases, 53.2 %) and aortic valve dysplasia(11 cases, 17.7%).The rupture site and the drainage chamber were essentially consisted with surgery,while the size of VSD measured by echocardiography was significantly smaller than that measured in operation.Conclusions Transthoracic echoeardiography is valuable in diagnosing of the site, drainage chamber and the accompanied abnormality of SVA.

Objective To investigate the effect of microbubbles mediated ultrasound insonation on proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in different phase of cell cycle. Methods Rat thoracic aortic VSMCs were cultured in vitro by the method of tissue adherence. The cells were synchronized by the methods of serum starvation and double thymidine block. The synchronization results were detected by flow eytometer. VSMCs in different phases of cell cycle were exposed to 1 MHz continuous waves ultrasound for 120 s at intensity 0.3 W/cm2 in the presence of lipid-coated microbubbles (1 ml/L). Apoptosis of VSMCs was analyzed by AnnexinV/PI staining using flow eytometry. The proliferation and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) protein expression of VSMCs were detected by MTT assay and immunoeytochemistry, respectively. Results The synchronized G0/G1 and S phase VSMCs were achieved, with synchronized rates to 89.53 % and 66.87 %, respectively. Ultrasound sonication for 120 s with microbubbles could significantly inhibit the proliferation and downregulate the PCNA expression of S phase VSMCs,but the proliferation and PCNA expression of G0/G1 phase VSMCs were not affected. After treatment of ultrasound with microbubbles, the apoptotic ratio were found to reach (7.05 ± 2.04)% in G0/G1 phase VSMCs and (27.01 ±3.87)% in S phase VSMCs. Conclusions Microbubbles mediated ultrasound insonation can significantly inhabit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in VSMCs at proliferation stage.

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound irradiation combined with liposome membrane microbubbles on the reorgnization of cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods Rat thoracic aortic VSMCs were cultured in vitro. VSMCs were exposed to 1 MHz continuous waves ultrasound radiation for 120 s at intensity 0.3 W/cm2in the presence of liposome membrane microbubbles (1 μl/ml) after treated with platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). The reorganizations of microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments were examined by using immunofluorescence and fluorocytochemistry techniques. Results There was a substantial increase in the expression of F-actin and assembly of long bundles of stress fibers in the transversed cell body when treated with PDGF-BB. Neither alterations of β-tubulin nor of vimentin cytoskeletal protein organization were observed in PDGF-BB treated cells as compared to those of the contol group. After ultrasound irradiation combined with liposome membrane microbubbles, the expression of F-actin, β-tubulin and vimentin were reduced along with the simultaneous changes in microfilaments, microtubles and intermediate filaments array. Conclusions Ultrasound irradiation combined with liposome membrane microbubbles can induce significant changes in cytoskeleton structure of VSMCs cultured in vitro.