Purpose The regeneration effects of nerve growth factor(NGF)on superior cervical ganglia innewborn mice destroyed by vincristine(VCR)and peroneal nerve of adult rats destroyed by grip were studiedby morphological methods. Methods Superior cervical ganglia. The Qunming newborn mice at 2 dayswere divided into 3 groups: experiment, control and blank. The experiment animals were injected with VCR,10 μl/g of body weight at a concentration of 0.02 mmol/L. Simultaneously, the NGF was injected 2,5,10μg/g of body weight, respectively. But the control animals were only injected with VCR at the same dose.The blank control animals weren' t treated anything. All of these chemicals were injected once a day for 4days. 24h after the last injection, the superior cervical ganglia were dissected out and analyzed their size andmorphology. Peripheral nerve. The peroneal nerve of SD adult rats were destroyed by grip, and divided into2 groups: experiment and control. The experiment rats were injected with NGF 2,4 and 8 μg/kg of bodyweight respectively, near the gripped nerve,once a day for 12 days after 24 h of the injury. 24 h after the lastinjection, the perone al nerve and extensor longus digitorum were dissected out and analyzed their morphologyand counted the number of nerve fiber at proximal and distal injury. Results VCR injection in newbommice produced severe atrophy of superior cervical ganglia. And the neuronal cells apoptosed and decomposed.Simultaneous injections of NGF prevented the noxious effects of VCR, and resulted in an increase intransverse diameter from 61 to 95 percent and the total number of neuronal cells from 59 to 70 percent. Thisimproved degree was related to the dose of NGF. Furthermore, NGF obviously improved the structure of peroneal nerve and extensor longus digitorum. And this effect was the best in the high dosage. ConclusionsNerve growth factor has an obvious regeneration effects in superior cervical ganglia of newborn mice destroyed by VCR and peroneal nerve of rat destroyed by grip.