Objective To discuss the selection of different operation methods for cesarean scar pregnancy ( CSP ) . Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 71 CSP patients treated in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2015.All the patients were accurately diagnosed by transvaginal color ultrasound examinations.Hysteroscopic evacuation was performed in 45 endogenous CSP patients, while in 26 exogenous CSP patients, 15 of them were treated by hysteroscopy and the other 11 patients were given laparoscopic operation. Results For the 45 endogenous patients, the success rate of hysteroscopic therapy was 92%( 41/45 ) .For the 26 exogenous patients, the success rate was 80% ( 12/15 ) for hysteroscopic and 82% ( 9/11 ) for laparoscopic therapy. Conclusions Preoperative categorizing of CSP is important for choosing different surgery methods. Hysteroscopic evacuation is the first choice for endogenous CSP.For exogenous patients, both hysteroscopic evacuation and laparotomy can be chosen.Therefore, the two minimally invasive procedures have limits, and transvaginal and laparotomy resection of lesion is still necessary sometimes.

Objective To study the effect of TGF?β1 gene therapy on the rat model of postpartum stress urinary incontinence and explore a novel non?operative treatment of this disease. Methods Two hundred and forty 6?month old SD female rats were used to prepare the model of postpartum stress urinary incontinence by vaginal dilation with a water sac. 148 rats from the 185 successfully prepared model rats were selected, and randomly divided into 5 groups: the TGF?β1 gene therapy, clentuterol treatment, electric stimulation therapy, injection of empty vector plasmid, and non?treated groups. In addition, 20 normal rats were selected as blank control group. Sneeze test and urodynamic test were conducted, the pelvic floor pubococcygeus muscle contractile force/muscle weight ratio was calculated, serum TGF?1 was detected by ELISA, and TGF?1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry at 1, 21, 42 and 63 days after the treatment. Results At 21 days after treatment, all the maximum bladder capacity, leak point pressure, and urine or contractile force / muscle weight ratio of the TGF?β1 gene therapy group showed even better effects than those of the electrical stimulation group, but the differences were statistically not significant ( P>0?05 ) . Conclusions TGF?β1 gene therapy shows good therapeutic effect on the rat models of postpartum stress urinary incontinence, suggesting that TGF?β1 gene therapy may become a new type of non?surgical treatment for this disease.