Objective To observe the long-term effect of surgical treatment in infertile varicocele patients. Methods 180 infertile patients with varicocele accepted modified Palomo operation (retroperitoneal high ligation of internal spermatic cord vein) from 2004 to 2007, and the long-term effect of thesurgery were analyzed retrospectively, such as semen parameters and spouse pregnancy. Results The operations were performed successfully in 180 cases, and semen parameters improved significantly after the surgery (Ps ＜ 0. 05 ).Among all patients, 10 cases had spouse pregnancy within 3 months after operation;47 cases had spouse pregnancy from 3 to 6 months after operation; 25 cases had spouse pregnancy from 6 to 12 months after operation;13 cases had spouse pregnancy from 12 to 24 months after operation. The fertility rate was 52. 8% (95/180) in total. Conclusion Surgical treatment of infertile male patients with varicocele has good long-term effects, made it the first choice in these patients.