ObjectiveTo explore the clinical-pathway-based teaching effect in teaching urological postgraduate students in department of urology.Methods36 students were divided to two groups:18 students are the clinical pathway based teaching group, and the other 18 students are traditional teaching group.Examination was used to compare the effect of each teaching method after 6 month.The examination including history collection,physical examination and case file writing,clinical case analysis,clinical operational skills test and basic theory.ResultsThe record of history collection,physical examination and case file writing and basic theory test in clinical pathway based teaching group is not different between the two groups,but the record of clinical case analysis and clinical operational skills test in clinical pathway group is better than the traditional teaching group.ConclusionClinical pathway based teaching can improve the teaching effect of clinical case analysis and clinical operational skills in urological postgraduate students,and can improve the strengthen of clinical thinking and working ability.

Objective To explore the relationship between plasma Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),Interleukin-6(IL-6) levels and brain edema caused by hypertensive intracerebral henorrhage.Methods 62 patients with hypertensive intrscerebral hemorrhage( the observation group) and 50 healthy persons( the control group) were selected.The expression of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 were determined by ELISA pre-therapy and 1d,3d,7d,14d after treatment in two groups;The volume of cerebral edema was measured by CT.The relationship between plasma TNF-α,IL-6 levels and brain edema caused by hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed.Results Before treatment,the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group were( 15.62 ±9.49)μg/L and (67.47 ±6.31 )ng/L,which were significandy higher than(8.28 ± 3.36) μg/L and(31.02 ± 3.51 ) ng/L of the control group( t =9.17,64.28,P =0.01 ),and Spearman analysis showed that the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were positively correlated with the volume of cerebral edema(r=0.934,P=0.02;r=0.922,P =0.026).Conclusion There was an up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the plasma of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.TNF-α and IL-6 may promote the formation of cerebral edema during the course of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

[Objective]To establish an in vitro two-dimensional culture model of degenerated nucleus pulposus and detect samples' cell cycle by flow cytometry to study why nucleus pulposus cells don't grow well after passage. [Method]Nucleus pulposus tissues taken from protruded discs of 24 patients were treated by Trypsin and collagenase after surgical procedures,and then the cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium.Cell morphology was observed by an invert microscope and cell cycle of the primary and P2 cells were detected by flow cytometry after proliferation in monolayer culture.[Result]1.Primary culture cells of nucleus pulposus grew well in the medium,and 90% cells adhere to layer after about 7d.2.The rate of apoptosis of NP: primary(38.10?11.7)%,P2(44.74?17.6)%.The rate of S period : primary(7.88?2.1%),P2(2.76?0.7)%.[Conclusion]When going down to posterity the cells' apoptosis rate grows while S period cells decrease.

Clinical research is to provide guidelines for the clinical practice.First clinical re search should follow the ethics,and the researcher should have correct scientific attitude.Furthermore clinical research should be closely integrated with clinical practice and innovated with its feasibility taken into account.

The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) is a clinical trials cooperative group supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI).The NSABP has conducted clinical trials in breast and colorectal cancer for nearly 40 years,many of which have greatly improved the therapies in breast and colorectal cancers.There have been some new advances on new adjuvant chemotherapy regimens,targeted therapy,adjuanvt and neoadjuvant therapies for rectal cancer in recent 5 years.

Objective To explore the relationship between the HBV‐DNA ,ALT ,AST and NO ,iNOS ,SOD levels in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) .Methods 24 patients with mild CHB ,30 patients with moderate CHB ,18 patients with se‐vere CHB and 30 healthy individuals were selected and set in group A ,B ,C and D ,respectively .The serum levels of HBV‐DNA , ALT ,AST ,NO ,iNOS ,and SOD were detected by FQ‐PCR and chemical analysis respectively .Results There were significant difference in the levels of ALT ,AST ,NO ,iNOS and SOD between group D and group A ,B and C (P<0 .05) .The serum level of ALT was positive relative to the levels of NO and iNOS(r=0 .487 ,0 .521 ,P<0 .05) ,and was negative relative to the level of SOD (r= -0 .574 ,P<0 .05) .The serum level of AST was positive relative to the levels of NO and iNOS(r=0 .453 ,0 .545 ,P<0 .05) , and was negative relative to the level of SOD(r= -0 .484 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion With the increase of ALT and AST levels ,the levels of NO and iNOS increase ,and the level of SOD decreases simultaneously in CHB patients .It is suggested hepatocellular inju‐ry .

Objective To evaluate the status of P-selectin and platelet activating factor(PAF) in vivo in patients with deep venous thrombosis(DVT) and to observe their changes under interneving of medicines.Methods P-selectin and PAF of fourty patients and twenty normal subjects were fluorescence labled with corresponding monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry( FCM ) and immunologic method respectively. Results P-selectin and PAF in patients with DVT were higher than that in normal subjects in early period of the disease, and they significantly decreased in different time after patients were treated. P-selectin was significantly different between patients who received sodium ozagrel treatment and those who not (P ＜0.05 ), but PAF was similar( P ＞ 0. 05 )after fourteen days. One month later, P-selectin and D-dimer in DVT patients were lower than before. However, the positive rate of P-selectin of DVT was still higher than normal subjects. Conclusions The platelet is activated in vivo in patients with DVT, so does fibrinolysis. Sodium ozagrel can decrease activity of platelet. P-selectin and PAF may be used diagnostic markers. Post-discharge patients are still at high-risk and must be regularly followed-up.

Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is one of the primary pathway in intracellular protein degrada-tion,therefore the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme D3(UbE2D3)which involved in the ubiquitin mineralization process can affect the biological effects accordingly to affect some protein and nucleic acid content and activity. The function that participate in modification and degradation of some cancer factors is vital in tumor cells,and followed by tumor biological behavior changing. Researches show that UbE2D3 correlates with human telomer-ase reverse transcriptase( hTERT),radiation sensitivity,aggressive,etc in breast cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effects of nitric oxide donor,sodium nitroprusside(SNP)on the expression and production of TLR4 in U937 induced by LPS.Methods:U937 was induced to maturation by PMA and then stimulated by LPS.Then the cells were treated with SNP and divided into four groups:control group without stimulation of LPS,LPS group(10 ng/ml LPS+100 ng/ml rhLBP),low dose SNP group and high dose SNP group(50,500 ?mol/L SNP respectly).The mRNA and protein of TLR4 was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results:The mRNA of TLR4 in SNP groups was lower than those in LPS group(0.308?0.050 and 0.138?0.0044 vs 0.342?0.098,P0.05).Conclusion:SNP might have a potential protective role in LPS induced inflammation such as sepsis and acute lung injury through inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4.

Objective To evaluate dynamic changes of chemokine CXCL9 and chemokine receptor CXCR3 to predict the early acute rejection in rats after renal transplantation. MethodsRenal allogeneic grafting was performed on Brown Norway or Lewis rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients. CXCL9 in serum was measured by ELISA and CXCR3 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes by RT-PCR at the time points of just before and 1, 3, 5, and 7 d after operation. Serum creatinine (Cr) was measured simultaneously. ResultsThe serum contents of CXCL9 and Cr, and CXCR3 mRNA level in allograft group were significantly higher than those in isograft group (P