It is evident that metabolic memory,whereby diabetic complications continue to develop and progress in individuals who returned to normal glycemic control after a period of transient hyperglycemia,has long lasting effects.Recent studies suggest that “metabolic memory” may be due to epigenetic changes in target oells.Understanding the molecular changes in chromatin structure and the functional relationship with altered signaling pathways is now considered to represent an important conceptual challenge to explain diabetes and the phenomenon of metabolic memory.Emerging evidences indicate that critical gene-activating epigenetic changes may confer future cell memories. Many experimental evidences show that histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs),histone methyltransferases (HMTs),histone lysine demethylases (KDMs),and microRNAs play important roles in the epigenetic changes of several key genes related to diabetic complications. Transient hyperglycemia promotes gene-activating epigenetic changes and signaling events critical in the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications.Further characterisation of these glucose-induced epigenetic events and the identification of key enzymes involved will help us to develop new therapeutic strategies for diabetes and its complications.

Abstract: The high recurrent rate and insufficient protection of anal function in treatment of anal fistula were reviewed in this article. To solve the problems in the treatment of complex fistula-in-ano including ignorance of preoperative assessment and lack of consciousness of preserving anal function, the authors raised the countermeasures to carry out the "gold standard" of preoperative assessment and the system of medical delivery, form the new principle of incision of anal sphincters, collect the high-level evidence-based medicine proof, improve the healing rate and significantly reduce the postoperative continence disturbance, so as to develop a new guideline for the treatment of fistula-in-ano.

BACKGROUND: The problem to be solved firstly in adipocyte implantatior after its in vitro adherent ulture f preadipocyte with scaffold using tissue-engineered technique is the biocompatibility of scaffold and dipocyte.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) used for readipocyte implantation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Medical College of Wuhan University.MATERIALS: This trial was carried out in Medical College, Wuhan University during October 2003 o June 2005. Twelve male SD rats(Experimental Animal Center, Medical College, Wuhan University), weighing rom 200 to 250 g, were involved.PHB scaffold was provided by Institute of Polymer Materials, Department f hemical Engineering, Tsinghua University.METHODS: The preadipocytes of rats were isolated, purified and ultured in vitro for use. PHB scaffold was made into 0.75 cm×0.75 cm ×0.2 cm lamellar cell biological caffold, then which were soaked by DMEM/F12 culture medium containing 150 g/L fetal bovine serum and laced in culture plate, one piece each well, 12 wells totally. 1.0 mL cultured cell suspension was added n each well to prepare cell scaffold complex. Eight rats were selected. The prepared complexes were implanted into right-side back tissue of a rat and fixed with 5-0 silk, serving as adipocyte scaffold roup; the biological scaffolds without adipocyte adherence were implanted into left-side back tissue of he same rat with the same method, serving as blank scaffold group. One lamellar biological scaffold was mplanted into each side. Eight weeks later, the appearance and structural change of grafts were observed, nd the grafts were weighted and their volumes were measured. Four lamellar biological scaffolds were mplanted into the other 4 rats separately and taken out after 3 weeks, then they were fixed by 100 g/L eutral formalin, sliced, and stained by haematoxylin and eosin (HE). Their histological changes were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Gross and histological observation of grafts in adipocyte scaffold roup and blank scaffold group. ② Comparison of volume and mass of grafts in two groups.RESULTS: Twelve ets were involved in the result analysis ,without deletion. ①Gross observation: In the adipocyte scaffold group, grafts presented flesh-color appearance and peplos in the peripheral region, and newly ormed minute blood vessels ingrowing into the scaffold. In the blank scaffold group, grafts presented rey ppearance, which was coated by peplos. ② HE staining: Three weeks later, a few scattered adipocytes were ound in the peripheral region of the grafts,there were very few vessels. Eight weeks later, lamellar ibrous peplos was found around the complex. Adipocytes ingrew from the peripheral region of scaffold into caffold, partial scaffold was nearly full of adipocytes and many vessels formed;In the blank scaffold roup, only peplos and vessels were found, scaffold was full of fibrous connective tissue and adipocytes ere not found. ③ Comparison of volume and mass: adipocyte scaffold group was superior to blank group in scaffold volume and mass [(257.5±70.2)vs.(144.6±62.6)mm3,(245.6±58.2) vs.(148.7±60.3)mg, both P＜0.01].CONCLUSION: Preadipocyte can adhere to PHB scaffold, proliferate and differentiate into mature dipocytes. It is feasible for PHB material to serve as a carrier for preadipocyte.

0.05).But it showed significant higher level in moderate and severe PIH patients than the normal ones. (prepartum. 1195?72、1206?96 vs 1102?89, intrapartum, 1256?81、1308?84 vs 1174?86). The concentration of IECa 2+ has positive relationship with MAP in PIH patients. Conclusions The best method to decrease the harmfulness of overload IECa 2+ is to normalize its level by effective measure of decrease the blood pressure.

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have a marked mediating effect on bodily immunoregulation. Recent years’ studies found that GPCRs plays an important role in the mechanism of the intervening effect of electroacupuncture on rheumatoid arthritis pain. Of them, adrenergic receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, adenosine receptors, opioid peptide receptors, dopamine receptors and cannabinoid receptors separately mediate the effect of electroacupuncture on rheumatoid arthritis pain in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the inflammatory region. The exploration of the mechanism by which electroacupuncture increases GPCRs expression is our future research direction.

Based on some European universities the author wants to analyse their education system and find some enlightenment on our post-graduate education construction of medical laboratory science.

Objective Partial hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and radio frequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were compared to select the most suitable method for HCC. Methods 1198 patients with HCC in 3 hospitals in Guangzhou were divided into 3 groups: group Ⅰ , small HCC; group Ⅱ > HCC without vascular invasions and group Ⅲ , HCC with vascular invasion. The patients either received partial hepatectomy, transplantation or ablation. The 1-, 2- or 3-year survival rates, the 3-year recurrent rates and Child-Pugh grades in the 3 groups were compared. Results For small HCC, there was a significant increase in the 3-year survival rate (P<0. 05) and a significant decease in the recurrent rate (P<0. 05) in patients who received transplantation, compared with those who received hepatic resection. Patients who received ablation had a higher 3-year survival rate and a lower recurrence (P<0. 05) in comparison with those who received hepatectomy. There was no significant difference(P<0. 05) between transplantation and ablation, but there were more Child A patients who received hepatectomy and ablation, and more Child B and C patients who received transplantation. For advanced HCC, there was no significant different in the 3-year survival rates for the 3 therapies, but the 3-year recurrence was lower (P<0. 05) in the transplantation group. Conclusions For small HCC, superiority of transplantation versus resection was obvious. Ablation (diameter <3 cm) was also superior to resection, whereas ablation was as effective as transplantation. There were more Child B and C patients in the transplantation group than the ablation and resection groups. Therefore, small HCC with hepatic decompensation should receive liver transplantation. Transplantation was advantageous in having less tumor recurrent but there was no difference in the 3 therapies for advanced HCC.

Objective To investigate the relation among clinical nurses′resilience, emotional, the pressure load and self-efficacy with the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Methods A total of 449 nurse in Guangzhou were recruited to investigate by 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Kessler 10 Scale (K10), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Chinese Stress Overload Scale (SOS). Results The average score was 23.6±6.7 for CD-RISC-10 , 24.4±8.2 for K10,24.7±5.7 for GSES , 63.3 ±16.6 for SOS ,and the individual vulnerability scoring was (31.2±10.0) points, events load was (32.0±7.5) points. High mental toughness of nurses in general self-efficacy scores higher than that of low mental toughness group (t=-8.53, P<0.01), in the K10 dated, S0S scores were lower than low mental toughness group (t=11.23, 7.70, P<0.01). Nurse relevant regression analysis results showed that gender, general self-efficacy, K10 dated, SOS as the main factors influencing nurses mental toughness, could explain 40%of variances. Conclusions The CD-RISC-10 can better reflect the level of clinical nurses′resilience, and the gender, self-efficacy were the main effects, as well as effectively predict the nurses′emotional distress and stress level. However how to improve the toughness of the clinical nurses need more research.

BACKGROUND:With the deepen understanding on the biological function of Rho/ROCK pathway, new ROCK inhibitors continue to be discovered, and ROCK inhibitors show good promoting effects on the survival, proliferation and migration of keratocytes. Research on ROCK inhibitors wil provide more donor materials or seed cels for regenerative medicine and clinical cel transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the progress in the treatment and application of corneal disease using the ROCK inhibitors Y-27632 and Y-39983. METHODS:The PubMed database and CNKI database were retrieved by computer to search the relevant literature published between 2008 to 2015 using the key words of “corneal endothelial cel, corneal epithelial cel, ROCK inhibitor, Y-39983, Y-27632” in English and Chinese, respectively. Relevant articles in line with the theme were screened and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totaly 264 papers were initialy searched. At last, 45 papers were selected. Currently there are two main ROCK inhibitors: Y-27632 and Y-39983, but both of which are stil in basic research stage and clinical testing stage. Y-27632 promotes the proliferation and activity of corneal epithelial stem cel after resuscitation; Y-39983 as a novel ROCK inhibitor can be better to inhibit Rho kinases activity than Y-27632, thereby more effectively promoting the healing of the corneal endothelium. There are many studies on the application of ROCK inhibitors in corneal treatment, but not a stable method established to obtain seed cels. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and how to overcome these disadvantages and to find fast and stable access to seed cels is the future direction of development.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage is a serious complication of perinatal asphyxia. Enriched environment is the living condi-tions for the promotion of feeling, cognition and behavior. Enriched environment may promote the repairing of hypoxic-ischemic brain dam-age in term of praxiology, morphology and molecular biology, that enriched environment may regulate the secretion and release of various factors, and enhance synaptic plasticity, induce neuron regeneration, inhibit its apoptosis, and result in ethological and morphological recov-ery.