G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have a marked mediating effect on bodily immunoregulation. Recent years’ studies found that GPCRs plays an important role in the mechanism of the intervening effect of electroacupuncture on rheumatoid arthritis pain. Of them, adrenergic receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, adenosine receptors, opioid peptide receptors, dopamine receptors and cannabinoid receptors separately mediate the effect of electroacupuncture on rheumatoid arthritis pain in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the inflammatory region. The exploration of the mechanism by which electroacupuncture increases GPCRs expression is our future research direction.

ABSTRACT:As the only intermediate host of Schistosoma j aponicum ,Oncomelania hupensis is an important link of schis‐tosomiasis .It plays an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis .This article mainly demonstrates the following as‐pects :the invasion of schistosome miracidium into O .hupensis ,the growth of sporocyst ,and the mature and escape of cercari‐ae ,which would provide laboratory data from literatures for revealing the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S . japonicum .However ,the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S .japonicum is too complex to description com‐pletely .Therefore ,the symbiotic relationship will be the focus of future research .

Objective:To evaluate the effect of autogenous graftin g material of the maxillary tuberosity harvested by Mx grafter in the application of immediate implantation . Methods: 25 implants were i mmediately placed in tooth extraction sockets in 21 patients (7 females and 14 males) respectively, Autogenous grafting material of maxillary tuberosity harve sted by Mx grafter was used as a gap filling or defect restoring material arou nd screw type root form implant. Defect height and width were measured at the ti me of implant placement and at second stage surgery. Results: 3～4 months postoperatively, all implants demonstrated clinical stabilit y and the gap or defects were replaced with newly formed bone at second stage s urgery.All the implants were in function. Conclusions: Th e technique described affords a simplified and predictable manner for placement of implants into immediate tooth extraction sockets.

Objective To probe into the usage of statins in the patients with coronary artery disease in elderly patients. Methods From Jun 1,2009 to Mar 31,2009 in our hospital, 323 elderly outpatients with coronary artery disease were included in the investigation. The data were statistically analyzed. Results 62.2% of the patients used statins. The statins usage rates (44. 8% ,61.3% ,71.3% ) among three age groups(60 -69 years old,70- 79 years old, and ＞ 80 years old)were significantly different. The rates of statins usage were significantly different between male and female groups. Conclusion The usage of statins as secondary prevention of coronary artery disease varies and there is urgent need to standardize the usage of statins according to the treatment guideline.

Percutaneous myocardial revascularization (PMR)，building on the succeeds of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR)，has developed that allows TMR-like channels to be cradated via a percutaneous approach.This catheter based approach avoids the morbidity associated with general anesthesia and thoractomy or thoracoscopy.It also avoids transmural treatment of the myocardium by the laser.Although its mechanism remains unclear,many patients with intractable angina and non-bypassable coronary artery disease have benefited from the new system.It is hoped that PMR will mimic the clinical benefit of TMR，and will gradually become a main method in treating end-staged coronary artery disease.

Objective: To observe the histological changes of lamina extema cranii at both the graft and donor areas after having been grafted in animal experiment. Methods; 4 mini pigs aged from 8 to 12 months were selected. Part of the outer table of skull (2.5 cm × 1.0 cm) was decorticated and was divided equally. Both were implanted on each side of the snouts of animals. 2 pigs were selected randomly and were killed 12 weeks postoperation. Each 1, 0 cm ×0. 5 cm specimen was harvested and histological study was performed. The other 2 animals were killed 24 weeks after operation. Gross inspection of the donor site was performed and histological study was done. Results; In the graft area; bone absorption was obvious 12 weeks postoperation, but bone matrix increased obviously at 24 weeks postoperation. Results of scanning electron microscope showed that interface between bone graft and recipient site was discernment and collagen type I was malaligned 12 weeks postoperation. Collagen fibers were in good order and good mineralization was found 24 weeks postoperation. In the donor area; small amounts of new bone formation could be seen and alignment of cemental line was chaotic 12 weeks postoperation. At 24 weeks, bone formation was obvious and alignment of haversian canal was regular. Scanning electron microscopy showed that structure of the tissue was uneven and disorder at 12 weeks postoperation. Collagen fibers were in good order and good mineralization was found 24 weeks postoperation. On gross view, raw surface of the donor site got complete healing, os-teanagenesis was incomplete and introcession could be observed in the local area. Conclusion; Histological remodeling of lamina exter-na cranii is complete at 24 weeks after having been grafted. The donor site can regenerate but morphologic introcession could be observed.

Objective To compare the effects of flurbiprofen axetil and fentanyl of postoperative analgesia on T-lymphocytes subtypes in patients undergoing esophagectomy.Methods Forty patients undergoing esophagectomy were randomly divided into two groups(20 cases each):group C (group fentanyl) was given fentanyl 20μg/kg plus tropisetron 5 mg diluted to 100 ml via PCIA after surgery,group F (group flurbiprofen-fentanyl) was administrated flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg at 30 min before the end of surgery,fentanyl 10μg/kg and flurbiprofen axetil 100 mg plus tropisetron 5 mg diluted 100 ml was administrated via PCIA after surgery.The PCIA rate was 2 ml/h,bolus 0.5ml,lock time 15 min.The VAS score was recorded at 12,24,48 h after surgery.Blood samples 2 ml were obtained from peripheral vein for determination of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ at 30 min before surgery(T0),24 h(T1)and 72 h(T2)after surgery.Results Patients in two groups did not show any significant difference in the VAS scores(P＞0.05).At T1 CD3+,CD4+ T-lymphoeytes were significantly lower than those at T0 in two groups(P＜0.05).At T2,CD3+,CD4+ T-lymphocytes in group F were significantly higher than those in group C(P＜0.05).In group C,CD3+,CD4+ T-lymphocytes at T2 were significantly decreased than those at T0(P＜0.05).CD8+ T-lymphocytes Was no significantly changed in two groups and at each time point determined (P＞0.05).Conclusion Postoperative analgesia by using flurbiprofen axetil and fentanyl can diminish the using dose of postoperative opioid drug,and it can'improve patient's cellular immune function.

Objective To set up the molecular cytobiological model of endogenous coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) re-expressing in human liver cells L02,and to study the regulation pathway and molecular basis of the re-expression of FⅧ in L02 cells activated by NO signal.Methods The L02 cells at logarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into blank control group and experimental group, inhibitor group and inhibitor control group;they were cultured for 0,12,24,36,48,and 60 h.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of human FⅧ protein in L02 cells after treated for 48 h.Griess experiment was performed to detect the levels of NO in L02 cells at different time points;the transcription levels of human FⅧ gene,iNOS gene,NF-κB1 gene and I-κB alpha gene were detected by RT-PCR method.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of human phosphorylated I-kappaB (phosphorylated I-κB)in L02 cells.Results The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression of human L02 FⅧ protein was found after treated with L-arginine for 48 h. The Griess results showed that the levels of NO in L02 cells in experimental group were significantly increased at 3,6,12,and 24 h (P<0.05)and the levels of NO in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group had no changes. The RT-PCR results showed that the transcription of human FⅧ mRNA in L02 cells was found in experimental group,but there was no transcription of human FⅧ mRNA in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group;the transcription levels of iNOS,NF-κB1 and I-κB alphain experiment group were increased(P<0.05)and the transcription levels of these genes in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group had no changes. The Western blotting results showed that after adding L-arginine the expression level of phosphorylated I-κB was significantly increased (P < 0.05 ), other groups had no such change. Conclusion L-arginine can activate the phosphorylation of I-κB by NO signal pathway to lead to the changes in the expression of human FⅧ gene promoter upstream regulatory-related transcription factors NF-κB to activate the expression of human FⅧ in human liver cells L02.

BACKGROUND: At present, the internationally public recognition of childhood trauma questionnaire is the authorized version of Bernstein,American psychologist, in 1998.OBJECTIVE: To set up the scale of Chinese version of childhood trauma questionnaire with 28 items and analyze its reliability and validity.DESIGN: Community investigation was designed.SETTING: Mental Health Institute, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 441 students from 8 classes were randomized from a countryside middle school of a city in Henan in October 2004.METHODS: A total of 441 students were measured with childhood trauma questionnaire and 93 of them were re-measured 2 months later. Childhood trauma questionnaire included 28 items and divided into 5 subscales,named emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect. Five grades were adopted in each item, named 1 score: never; 2 scores: occasionally; 3 scores: sometimes; 4 scores: often;and 5 scores: always. Every subscale was varied from 5 to 25 scores, and the total results were in the range from 25 to 125 scores. It was to analyze the internal identical property, reliability of re-measuring, average correlation coefficient among items and correlation coefficient between total score and every subscale. And the analysis was carried on validation factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Homogeneity reliability, re-measuring reliability and validity, absolute fit index, relative fit index and parsimony index of childhood trauma questionnaire were involved.RESULTS: Totally 441 pieces of questionnaire were distributed on the spot and 435 pieces of questionnaire with integral and regular answers were collected. Totally 93 pieces of questionnaire were delivered for the second evaluation 2 months later and 93 pieces with regular answers were collected. All of those were used for the evaluation of re-measuring reliability of such measuring table. ① Cronbach α coefficient was 0.64 in Chinese version of childhood trauma questionnaire of and re-measuring reliability was 0.75. Cronbach αcoefficient of every subscale was varied from 0. 16 to 0.65 and re-measuring reliability was in the range from 0.27 to 0.73. The correlation coefficient among items was varied from -0.20 to 0. 44; ②The correlation coefficient between total score and every subscale was varied from 0. 36 to 0.68 and the correlation coefficient among subscales was from-0.01 to 0.39; ③ Indexes of validation factor analysis:The load coefficient of physical neglect was varied from 0.09 to 0. 64 and that in 2 items was less than 0.20. Multiple correlation coefficient was varied from-0. 20 to 0. 82, X2/df was 2.48 and root mean square error of appr0ximation(RMSEA) was 0.06. Added indexes: IFI (0. 76), CFI (0.75) and TLI (0.72) .Parsimony index: PNFI (0.58) and PCFI (0. 67).CONCLUSION: Chinese version of childhood trauma questionnaire provides better reliability and validity. According to validation analysis, except physical neglect, every index tallies with psychometric standards. The results of analysis on normative pathways are satisfactory, which explains that the subscales of such measuring model provide good matching property and conception validity.

Objective To observe the effect of different doses of sufentanil on intubation guided by fiber bronchoscope in diffi‐cult airways .Methods One hundred and eighteen patients with difficult airways who underwent tracheal intubation were randomly divided into 3 groups [groupⅠ(n=40) ,groupⅡ (n=42) ,and groupⅢ (n=36)] .First all group received 1 μg/kg dexmedetomi‐dine ,then groupⅠ ,groupⅡ and group Ⅲ received sufentanil 0 .1μg/kg ,0 .2 μg/kg ,0 .3μg/kg infusion in bolus respectively .Heart rate(HR) ,mean arterial pressure(MAP)and saturation of pulse oximetry(SpO2 )were recorded at 5 min after patients arriving at operation room (T0 ) ,after drug infusion(T1 ) ,the time of intubation and seeing the epiglottis (T2 ) ,1 min(T3 )and 5 min(T4 )after intubation .side effect was recorded throughout the process .Results HR at T2 and T3 in groupⅡ and group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ(P<0 .05) .MAP at T2 and T3 in groupⅡ and group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in groupⅠ(P<0 .05) .SpO2 at T2 in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than those of groupⅠ and groupⅡ(P<0 .05) .Cough reflex in groupⅠwas much frequent than others .Only group Ⅲ had respiratory inhibition .Conclusion Intravenous sufentanil (0 .2 μg/kg)could in‐hibit effectively stress reaction from endotracheal intubation ,in which less side effects such as haemodynamic changes and respirato‐ry depression occur .