To explore the mechanism of the absorption enhancement of Angelica dahurica extract (Ade), the absorption mechanism of baicalin in the Scutcllaria water extraction as well as the effect of Angelica dahurica extract on absorption of baicalin were investigated. In order to determine the main absorption site, everted intestinal sac model was used to study the effect of Angelica dahurica extract on the absorption of baicalin at duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. In situ single pass intestinal perfusion model was performed to study the absorption of various concentrations of baicalin and the effect of Angelica dahurica extract on the absorption of baicalin at the main absorption site. To authenticate the consequence of perfusion by getting the blood from the hepatic portal vein and determine the concentration of the baicalin in the blood. The result showed that baicalin could be absorbed at all of the four intestinal segments with increasing absorption amount per unit as follows: ileum > colon > jejunum > duodenum. The absorption ofbaicalin in the duodenum significantly increased with Angelica dahurica extract, thus, duodenum was chosen to be the studying site. Apparent permeability values (Papp) and absorption rate constant (Ka) of baicalin in the duodenum increased gradually with higher concentrations. When the concentration of baicalin rises to a certain degree, the absorption increase had a saturable process, the absorption of baicalin may be an active transportation. Baicalin may be not a substrate of P-gp as verapamil which had not significantly affected the Papp and Ka of baicalin. The absorption of baicalin in the duodenum significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the two models with Angelica dahurica extract and the concentration of baicalin in the blood from the hepatic portal vein showed that the Angelica dahurica extract can increase the absorption of baicalin.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of extractive Angelica dahutica on intestinal absorption of puerarin, the mechanism of the absorption enhancement of A. dahutica was investigated, providing a new thread of combinations of the Chinese herbal drugs.

METHODEverted intestinal sac and in situ single pass perfusion were used to study the effect of gut absorption of puerarin solution containing the extractive A. dahurica as well as the influence of P-gp on the absorption of puerarin, and explore weather the extractive A. dahutica can enhance the absorption of puerarin and the mechanism of absorption of puerarin.

RESULTThe puerarin could be absorbed at all of four intestinal segments with increaing absorption amount perunit as follows: ileum > colon > jejunum > duodenum. The absorption of puerarin in jejunum was significantly increased with the extractive A. dahutica in situ single pass perfusion of jejunum. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and absorption rate constant (Ka) of puerarin in the jejunum were descreased gradually with higher concentrations, and the Papp with the Ka of jejunum solution containing the P-gp inhibitor of verapamil were increasing respectively 2.49, 2.60 (P < 0.001) than only the jejunum solution in absorption. The absorption of jejunum in pH 5.0, 6.8 were better than it in pH 7.4.

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of absorption of jejunum was active absorption and was effected by P-gp. The extrative A. dahurica can enhance the absorption of the jejunum.

Angelica ; Animals ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Isoflavones ; pharmacokinetics ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Pueraria ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of different energy densities of enteral nutrition (EN) preparations on mechanical ventilation (MV) patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods Sixty MV patients with acute sTBI admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Hangzhou Xiaoshan District First People's Hospital from July 2015 to December 2017 were divided into two groups according to different energy densities of nutritional preparations. Thirty patients of the control group were given nasal feeding with standard energy density EN (energy density 3.35 - 4.19 kJ/mL) and 30 patients of the observation group were given nasal feeding with relatively higher energy density (energy density 5.44 - 6.28 kJ/mL). The indexes of nutritional status between the two groups before and after treatment were compared: including prealbumin (PA), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glo), hemoglobin (Hb), 5-day and 1-week heat calorie compliance rates of reaching target calories, MV time and incidence of complications. Results There were no statistically significant differences in nutritional indicators before treatment between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The compliance rates of reaching target calories of the observation group on the 5 and 7 days after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group [5 days: 66.67% (20/30) vs. 50.00% (15/30), 1 week: 81.33% (25/30) vs. 70.00% (21/30), both P < 0.05], and the MV time was significantly lower than that in the control group (hours: 92.48±12.04 vs. 128.88±16.29, P < 0.05); the levels of PA, Alb, Hb, Glo were significantly higher in the observation group than those in control group on the 21st day after treatment [PA (g/L): 0.28±0.11 vs. 0.15±0.04, Alb (g/L): 36.52±5.79 vs. 29.63±2.74, Hb (g/L): 92.40±9.50 vs. 81.10±8.60, Glo (g/L): 24.42±1.73 vs. 18.19±3.59, all P < 0.05]. Complications: the total incidence of abdominal distension, diarrhea and constipation of the observation group was 36.6% (11/30), while that of the control group was 66.7% (20/30), the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion High energy density enteral nutrition can improve the nutritional status of the organisms of MV patients with acute sTBI, reduce the time of MV and the incidence of complications, thus it is worthy to be widely applied clinically.

Surgery is currently the most appropriate treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Increasing unilateral or bilateral multiple primary lung cancer being found, segmentectomy has attracted wide attention for its unique advantages in the treatment for such tumors. Ground glass opacity dominant early-stage NSCLC is associated with a good prognosis and can be cured by segmentectomy, however, the treatment of solid-dominant NSCLC remains controversial owing to the invasive nature. With the in-depth study on the lymph node metastasis pathway, radiological characteristics and molecular biology of NSCLC, a large part of solid nodules with certain characteristics can also be cured by segmentectomy. This paper reviews the research status and progress about the indication of segmentectomy.
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