A neuromuscular rehabilitation instrument, with USB bus to supply power and transmit data, is developed to improve the existing product which has low data transmission rate and is at the high cost of battery. Its circuits, including the circuits for singlechip interface, power, EMG amplifiers and filters, MCU, electrode interface and stimulation, are designed. The software of singlechip and PC are also described. The system powering, data transmission, display and storage of EMG are realized. Experiments show that it is reliable.

ObjectiveTo discuss the epidemiological characteristic s of road traffic injuries in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and explore effective pre ventive measures against traffic accidents in the plateau as well as correspondi ng emergency treatment methods.MethodsA retrospective statis tical analysis was carried out in 1 894 cases of traffic injuries with detailed data admitted in our hospital from January 1980 to December 2000. Resu ltsMost of the traffic accidents occurred on the Qinghai-Tibet road, accounting for 68.0% (1 288/1 894). Of the patients with serious traffic inju ries, 54.0% (1 022/1 894) were in need of hospitalization. The patients who first entered into the plateau accounted for 61.1% (1 158/ 1 894). Death occurre d in 108 cases accounting for 5.7%. The duration from injury to treatment was ve ry long, average over six hours. Furthermore, the patients received no any manag ement before treatment in the hospital. ConclusionsHypoxia i n the plateau, unclear road sign and fatigue driving are the main factors leadin g to traffic accidents. Lack of health care units, serious hypoxia, long deliver y time and carriers' deficiency in medical knowledge are the main causes for gr eat amount of casualties.

Objective To discuss MRI diagnositic value and evaluation of the treatment of cervical Brucella spondylitis(BS).Meth-ods MRI data of 39 cases with cervical BS in our hospital were collected.Non-operative treatment,minimal invasive surgery and the open surgery were selected according to the MRI manifestations.The correlation was analyzed by consistensy check,imaging score and clinical effect evaluation.The data were analyzed by SPSS15.0.Results 39 cases of patients were examined by MRI before the treatment.37 cases were reviewed after 6 months treatment and 33 cases were reviewed after 12 months treatment.All of the Kappa values were more than 0.75 by imaging consistency check.MRI of cervical BS possessed characteristic expressions.The treatment effect according to MRI classification before the treatment:(1)drug therapy was performed in 14 cases (Group A);(2)minimal inva-sive surgery was performed in 7 cases (Group B);(3)focus clearance and bone graft were performed in 18 cases (Group C);(4)the clinical effects showed the healing rate in every group at different time point was different and the difference had statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05).The healing rate in Group C was higher than it in other group at 6 months after treatment.There was no significant difference among 3 groups or among different method group(Group C1,C2 and C3)in Group C at 12 months after treatment(P>0.05). Conclusion MRI classification for cervical BS has important value and guiding significance in the selection of clinical conservative treatment,minimal invasive surgery or the open surgery.

Hepatolithiasis is a common biliary tract disease in China and other Asian countries.It has insidious onset,recurrent disease,and may lead to biliary cirrhosis or even cancer in the late stage without inter-vention.At present,surgery is considered to be the best choice for treatment.In the 21st century of minimally inva-sive surgery,traditional procedures such as partial hepatectomy,choledochotomy,cholangioenterostomy and liver transplantation can be performed with the assistance of laparoscopy and da Vinci robots,and emerging endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and percutaneous transhepatic cho-ledochoscopic lithotripsy(PTCSL)have also been developed,bringing better treatment for patients with hepatoli-thiasis.As treatment options are becoming more varied,there are also some clinical problems that need to be addressed.In this article,we would like to briefly review the current surgical treatment modalities in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the treatment modalities.

Marine-derived biopolymers are excellent raw materials for biomedical products due to their abundant resources, good biocompatibility, low cost and other unique functions. Marine-derived biomaterials become a major branch of biomedical industry and possess promising development prospects since the industry is in line with the trend of "green industry and low-carbon economy". Chitosan and alginates are the most commonly commercialized marine-derived biomaterials and have exhibited great potential in biomedical applications such as wound dressing, dental materials, antibacterial treatment, drug delivery and tissue engineering. This review focuses on the properties and applications of chitosan and alginates in biomedicine.